Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
17 judgments

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17 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2019
Applicants failed to show good cause for extension of time under Rule 10 due to unexplained delays.
Civil procedure – Extension of time under Rule 10 – Good cause required; applicant must account for each day of delay and show diligence; ‘‘technical delay’’ (Fortunatus Masha) limited to prompt applicants whose original appeal became incompetent; prospects of success not decisive at extension stage.
13 December 2019
Misapplication of section 127 for child evidence requires corroboration; absence of corroboration led to quashing of conviction.
Evidence — Child witness — Section 127 Evidence Act — requirement for a recorded voire dire to admit unsworn evidence; misapplication of section 127 revives need for corroboration. Evidence — Corroboration — absence of corroborative material where section 127 misapplied renders conviction unsafe. Procedure — Admission of documentary medical evidence (PF3) — contents must be read in court or may be rendered ineffective.
13 December 2019
Court granted extension to appeal despite partial delay accounting because apparent illegality on the face of the record constituted good cause.
Court of Appeal jurisdiction — competence of Court to hear extension applications where notice of appeal exists; Extension of time — discretionary, requires accounting for each day of delay; Apparent illegality on face of record may constitute good cause; Rule 10 Court of Appeal Rules; Section 11 AJA and Rule 47 procedural commencement.
13 December 2019
Extension of time granted due to technical delay by High Court Registry and arguable illegality, appeal to be filed within 60 days.
Extension of time – Court of Appeal Rules, Rule 10 – technical delay caused by High Court Registry’s failure to supply appeal records – illegality (jurisdictional defect and denial of hearing) as sufficient ground to grant extension – applicant’s duty to show good cause – no reply affidavit meant applicant’s account stood unchallenged.
13 December 2019
Driver's trafficking conviction upheld; mechanic's conviction quashed for lack of proof of participation.
Criminal law — Trafficking in narcotic drugs (khat) — Lawful arrest and search; chain of custody requirements for seized drugs; admissibility and weight of forensic analysis; credibility of police witnesses and absence of civilian witnesses; distinction between presence and participation (common intention) — conviction sustained for driver/owner, acquittal for alleged mechanic.
12 December 2019
Revision application withdrawn; applicant ordered to pay costs after failing to prove notice of withdrawal.
Civil procedure — Revision of High Court probate proceedings — application withdrawn under Rule 58(3) Court of Appeal Rules, 2009. Probate law — alleged procedural irregularities (domicile affidavit, annexing will, citation, ex-parte hearing) — raised but not determined due to withdrawal. Legal Aid Act 2017 s.31 — legal aid does not automatically preclude costs; costs may be ordered in exceptional circumstances and for conduct causing unnecessary expense. Costs — failure to produce proof of notice of withdrawal and failure to inform respondent justified ordering costs against applicant.
12 December 2019
Failure to specify irreparable loss and to provide security justified dismissal of the stay of execution application.
Civil procedure — Stay of execution — jurisdiction to stay orders of subordinate courts where notice of appeal is filed; Rule 11(2)(d) — cumulative requirements: irreparable/substantial loss, absence of unreasonable delay, and security for due performance; Security for stay — essential to safeguard judgment creditor and facilitate post-appeal execution; General allegations of hardship insufficient to demonstrate irreparable loss.
12 December 2019
Unsworn child testimony given without proper voir dire requires corroboration; lack of it vitiated the conviction.
Evidence — Child witness (tender age) — voir dire requirement under section 127 — unsworn evidence — misapplication requires corroboration; PF3 not read out and expunged — conviction quashed for lack of corroboration.
11 December 2019
An out-of-time notice of intention to appeal to the High Court renders subsequent Court of Appeal proceedings incompetent and struck out.
Criminal procedure – Notice of intention to appeal – Time limit under section 361(1)(a) CPA – Competence of appeal – Jurisdiction of Court of Appeal – Preliminary objection under Rule 4(2)(a) CoA Rules – Rule 47 discretionary extension constrained by section 361(2) CPA.
10 December 2019
Guilty-plea conviction quashed where prosecution failed to prove seized plants were prohibited without analyst evidence.
Criminal law – plea of guilty – exceptions to section 360(1) CPA (Mpinga) – when a guilty plea may be reviewed. Evidence – burden on prosecution to prove seized material is a prohibited narcotic/psychotropic substance – need for government analyst’s report. Drug Control and Enforcement Act – proof of nature of seized plants in transportation offences.
10 December 2019
A guilty plea does not dispense with the prosecution's duty to prove seized plants were prohibited; absent analyst proof, conviction quashed.
Criminal law – plea of guilty – limits on appeals under section 360(1) CPA and exceptions (Mpinga). Burden of proof – prosecution must prove seized material is a narcotic/psychotropic substance to criminal standard. Evidence – necessity of government analyst's report or equivalent proof to establish nature of seized plants. Conviction quashed where nature of alleged prohibited plants not proved.
10 December 2019
Overriding objective cannot excuse five-year delay in taking essential procedural steps; notice of appeal struck out.
Appellate procedure – striking out notice of appeal for failure to take essential step in time – Rule 89(2) and Rule 90(1) of the Court of Appeal Rules. Overriding objective (AJA s3A, s3B) – cannot be used to circumvent mandatory time limits or to excuse prolonged inaction. Duty of parties/advocates to assist the Court (AJA s3B(2)).
6 December 2019
Appeal allowed because prosecution failed to prove seized plants were narcotic despite appellant's guilty plea.
Criminal law – guilty plea – exceptions allowing appeal (Laurence Mpinga) – plea imperfect/mistaken or facts not disclosing offence. Drug Control and Enforcement Act – transportation of prohibited plants – requirement that prosecution prove material is narcotic/psychotropic. Burden of proof – prosecution must adduce expert/analyst report to establish nature of seized plants; accused bears burden only to prove lawful authority/permit. Failure to produce analyst report – conviction unsustainable; conviction and mandatory sentence quashed.
6 December 2019
An appeal based on an incomplete record and defective drawn order is incompetent and was struck out absent exceptional grounds.
Appellate procedure – Competency of appeal – requirement of complete record of appeal including trial tribunal proceedings. Civil procedure – Drawn order – where drawn order does not reflect court’s decision, appeal may be defective. Appellate jurisdiction – Revisional powers – available in rare, exceptional circumstances to cure illegality; not to be used to circumvent procedural requirements. Failure to file supplementary record or cure defects – consequence is incompetency and striking out of appeal.
3 December 2019
3 December 2019
A preliminary objection is improper where its resolution requires factual findings about the completeness of the record.
Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – Mukisa demurrer test – objection must raise a pure point of law not requiring factual enquiry. Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Rule 96(1)(k) and Rule 96(8) – completeness of record of appeal and supplementary records. Proof of service – when disputes over affidavits of service render objections inappropriate for preliminary determination.
3 December 2019
An appeal missing trial tribunal proceedings and containing a defective drawn order is incompetent and struck out.
Civil procedure – Appeal – Record of appeal – completeness – omission of trial tribunal proceedings renders appeal incompetent. Civil procedure – Drawn order – inconsistency between drawn order and court decision undermines appeal competency. Appellate jurisdiction – Revisionary powers – limited to rare and exceptional cases; cannot be used to circumvent procedural rules. Remedy – striking out incompetent appeal; no costs where defects are raised suo motu by the Court.
2 December 2019