Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
15 judgments

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15 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2024
A conviction for rape was overturned due to unreliable witness testimony, inconclusive medical evidence, and failure to consider the appellant’s defence.
Criminal law – rape – assessment of credibility and consistency of prosecution witness evidence – standard of proof – medical evidence – duty to consider the defence – sufficiency of evidence required for conviction.
11 December 2024
A retrenchment is procedurally unfair if the affected employee is not personally consulted, warranting statutory minimum compensation.
Labour law – Retrenchment – Consultative procedures under ELRA – Procedural fairness – Compensation for unfair termination – Statutory minimum award – Discretion in reduction of compensation.
10 December 2024
Convictions quashed due to improper chain of custody and procedural errors in disposing of perishable evidence in wildlife offence case.
Criminal Law – Wildlife offences – proof beyond reasonable doubt – chain of custody – failure to call material witnesses – procedure for disposal of perishable exhibits – accused's right to be present – adverse inference.
10 December 2024
Failure of the first appellate court to address all appeal grounds nullifies its judgment, warranting remittal for rehearing.
Criminal procedure – Appeals – Duty of first appellate court to consider all grounds of appeal – Failure to determine all grounds fatal – Jurisdiction of Court of Appeal limited to matters determined by the first appellate court – Remedy is to remit matter for rehearing.
10 December 2024
Procedural omissions in a rape trial, absent prejudice, do not vitiate proceedings where the prosecution's case is proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – rape of a child – procedural irregularities – whether omissions in signing witness testimony or errors in preliminary hearing vitiate proceedings – child witness – adequacy of promise to speak truth under section 127(2) Evidence Act – evidentiary sufficiency – proof beyond reasonable doubt.
10 December 2024
Non-compliance with an order to visit locus in quo invalidates land tribunal proceedings and requires a rehearing.
Land law – Tribunal procedure – Compliance with tribunal and court orders – Visiting locus in quo – Nullification of proceedings where tribunal fails to execute its own order – Importance of adherence to procedural fairness in land boundary disputes.
10 December 2024
A conviction based solely on cautioned statements recorded outside statutory time and without corroboration cannot be sustained.
Criminal procedure – Cautioned statements – Admissibility – Section 50(1)(a) CPA – Confession evidence – Requirement for corroboration – Failure to call material witnesses – Adverse inference – Quashing of conviction for want of admissible evidence.
10 December 2024
An appellant's conviction for rape was quashed due to doubts about the victim's credibility and insufficient corroborative evidence.
Criminal law – rape – reliance on victim's uncorroborated evidence – requirement for credibility assessment – failure to call medical or investigative witnesses – reversal of conviction where doubts exist in proof of offence.
6 December 2024
Failure to properly sum up to assessors on vital legal issues rendered the murder trial a nullity requiring a fresh summing up.
Criminal procedure – High Court trials with assessors – Requirement for trial judge to explain roles of assessors and to sum up on vital points of law before opinions – Effect of failure to sum up on key legal doctrines – Nullification of proceedings and remittal for fresh summing up.
6 December 2024
A conviction based on an ambiguous or imperfect plea of guilty must be set aside and the plea taken afresh.
Criminal law – Appeals – Plea of guilty – Requirement for plea to be unequivocal – When appellate intervention is justified – Imperfect or ambiguous pleas – Consequences of failure to properly record admission of facts.
5 December 2024
Conviction for drug trafficking quashed due to improper admission of evidence and failure to prove the offence beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal procedure – Succession of magistrates – Admission of exhibits – Requirement to read documentary evidence in court – Proof beyond reasonable doubt – Drugs Control and Enforcement Act – Unlawful trafficking of narcotics – Admissibility of cautioned statement – Right to legal representation during statement recording – Chain of custody and evidentiary requirements for drug offences.
4 December 2024
A conviction based on an ambiguous guilty plea and incomplete facts was quashed, resulting in the appellant's immediate release.
Criminal procedure – Plea of guilty – Equivocal or ambiguous plea – Requirement for all ingredients of offence to be admitted – Statutory rape – Importance of admitting victim's age – Retrial not appropriate where prosecution case insufficient.
4 December 2024
Failure to explain key legal points to assessors in a murder trial nullifies the conviction and requires a fresh summing up.
Criminal law – High Court trials – assessors – mandatory summing up – duty to explain vital points of law – circumstantial evidence – prejudice to accused – proper remedy for omission – retrial from summing up stage.
3 December 2024
A conviction based on an equivocal plea arising from discrepancies between charge and facts cannot stand and must be quashed.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – plea of guilty – variance between charge sheet and prosecution facts – equivocal plea – legality of conviction and sentence – appropriate remedy where plea is ambiguous.
3 December 2024
Conviction for rape was quashed due to doubts arising from witness credibility, delay in arraignment, and failure to call a material witness.
Criminal law – Procedure – compliance with sections 231, 192 and 214 of the CPA – sexual offences – assessment of complainant’s credibility – effect of unexplained delay in arraignment – failure to call material witness – benefit of doubt in criminal cases.
3 December 2024