Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
12 judgments

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12 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 1996
Failure to give statutory written notice under s.289 rendered prosecution witnesses' evidence inadmissible, requiring quash and retrial of the respondent.
* Criminal procedure – Section 289 Criminal Procedure Act 1985 – requirement of reasonable written notice before calling witness whose statement was not produced at committal – non-compliance renders evidence inadmissible. * Evidence – inadmissibility of prosecution witnesses called without statutory notice; listing names in preliminaries does not cure failure to give notice. * Trial irregularity – expunging evidence at judgment stage without rehearing counsel is improper. * Assessors – misdirection by addressing only credibility; duty to direct on effect of excluding evidence and on corroboration of retracted confession and alibi. * Remedy – substantial procedural errors warrant quashing and ordering retrial.
4 November 1996
Single-witness identification treated with caution; one conviction quashed, other appeals dismissed.
* Criminal law – Identification evidence – reliability of identification parades, delays and contradictions – single-witness identification and benefit of doubt. * Criminal procedure – Conduct of identification parades – presence of justices of the peace and calling of escorting police officers. * Evidence – absence of recovered stolen property – relevance to convictions.
4 November 1996
Suits concerning unregistered land must commence in the Primary Court; jurisdictional non‑compliance renders proceedings void.
Jurisdiction — Unregistered land — Proviso to s.63(1) Magistrates' Courts Act, 1984 — Suit relating to unregistered land must commence in Primary Court unless High Court directs otherwise — Proceedings in wrong court are nullity — Relief: quashing proceedings, fresh suit in Primary Court, interim injunction to preserve property, return of documents, costs.
4 November 1996
October 1996
The Court upheld murder convictions and dismissed the appellants' appeal, finding sufficient evidence and valid common intention.
Criminal law – murder – sufficiency of evidence; cautioned statements – repudiation raised late; eyewitnesses related to deceased – admissibility and credibility; identification in darkness – relevance when presence undisputed; common intention (Section 23 Penal Code) – liability; assessors’ direction – adequacy.
28 October 1996
The appellant's challenges to identification and sentence were dismissed; conviction and ten-year term for attempted murder upheld.
* Criminal law – Attempted murder – Identification evidence – familiarity, proximity, and voice recognition can render identification reliable despite darkness. * Criminal law – Circumstantial evidence – concealment on police approach supports inference of guilty mind. * Sentence review – ten-year imprisonment for attempted murder not manifestly excessive in a brutal attack that could have been fatal.
28 October 1996
A voluntary, detailed retracted confession can sustain a murder conviction even without independent corroboration.
* Criminal law – confession – retracted confession – admissibility and weight – voluntariness and surrounding circumstances * Corroboration – desirable but not essential where confession is credible * Role of medical evidence and complainant statements in assessing allegations of torture * Appellate review of trial judge's credibility findings
28 October 1996
Court upheld murder conviction, finding dying declaration, eyewitness evidence and confession reliable; appeal dismissed.
Criminal law – Murder – Weight of dying declaration – Reliability despite head injuries and survival period; Eyewitness testimony – contradictions attributable to lapse of memory; Intoxication/insanity defence – only mild intoxication proved; Confession and escape from custody – corroborative value; Appeal – assessment of totality of evidence.
21 October 1996
Appeal dismissed: dying declaration and corroborative evidence upheld, confirming murder conviction and mandatory death sentence for the appellant.
Criminal law – Murder – Dying declaration – Reliability and admissibility – Eyewitness contradictions explained by lapse of memory – Intoxication not amounting to insanity – Confession and corroboration – Mandatory death sentence upheld.
21 October 1996
Court upheld murder conviction, finding dying declaration and confessions reliable despite minor witness contradictions and mild intoxication.
Criminal law – murder – reliability and admissibility of dying declaration – witness credibility where memory lapses occur – intoxication as defence – value of confession and escape from custody as corroborative evidence.
21 October 1996
Identification of a familiar assailant and post-offence hiding supported conviction; ten-year sentence upheld.
Criminal law – Identification evidence in low light – recognition of familiar persons and corroborative circumstances; alibi – evaluation and rejection; consciousness of guilt – hiding under bed as corroborative evidence; sentence – appellate restraint and proportionality in attempted murder cases.
20 October 1996
January 1996
Missing sale and land records left an alleged fraudulent transfer unproven, so title was restored to the applicant.
* Land law – disputed title to house – alleged court auction and subsequent transfers – missing decree, proclamation of sale, certificate of sale, and Land Department entries. * Evidence – inability to produce crucial documents – effect on proving or disproving alleged fraudulent transfer. * Appellate procedure – order for additional evidence and consequences of non-production of records.
31 January 1996
Conviction for murder quashed because circumstantial and identification evidence failed to exclude reasonable alternative hypotheses.
* Criminal law – Circumstantial evidence – standard required to exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence before conviction; identification evidence; possession of weapon as circumstantial link; limits of suspicion as proof.
1 January 1996