Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
76 judgments

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76 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2016
A misdescribed notice of motion failing to identify the correct judicial capacity is incurably defective and struck out.
Court of Appeal — Extension of time — Rule 10 discretionary — Requirement to cite specific rule (Rule 48(1)) — Form of notice of motion (Rule 48(2), Form A) — Misidentification of judicial officer renders notice incurably defective — Hearsay objection in affidavit not reached.
14 April 2016
Defective charge citing wrong/non‑existent Penal Code provisions rendered trial unfair; conviction quashed and retrial ordered.
Criminal procedure — Defective charge sheet; rape — particulars required under section 130(2)(a)–(e) and reference to correct Penal Code provisions; accused’s right to know nature of charge; unfair trial and nullity; remedy — quash conviction, set aside sentence, retrial ordered.
14 April 2016
PF3 expunged for noncompliance with s.240(3) CPA, but victim and corroborating witness proved rape beyond reasonable doubt.
Evidence – Rape – identification: victim and nearby witness who found accused in flagrante delicto; moonlight and familiarity reduce risk of mistaken identity. Evidence – Medical report (PF3) – inadmissible where section 240(3) CPA not complied with; PF3 expunged if doctor not produced for cross-examination. Evidence – Contradictions – minor inconsistencies do not vitiate prosecution case unless they go to the root of the matter. Criminal appeal – conviction upheld where remaining credible testimony proves guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
14 April 2016
Application for extension of time to file reference dismissed for failure to show sufficient cause for 31-day delay.
Civil procedure – Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Rule 10 (extension of time) – requirement to show good cause; Rule 62(1) – reference against single-justice decision must be applied for informally to the Registrar within seven days. Affidavit requirements – applicant must state reasons for delay; omission is fatal. Precedent – Fadhili Yahaya v. Republic applied.
13 April 2016
A notice of appeal that fails to state the correct date of the impugned judgment is defective and renders the appeal incompetent.
Criminal procedure – Notice of appeal – Court of Appeal Rules 2009, Rule 68(1),(2) and (7) – Form B requirement to state correct date of impugned judgment – Incorrect date in notice renders it defective – Defective notice renders appeal incompetent and is struck out.
13 April 2016
Appeal struck out because the notice of appeal failed to state the correct date of the High Court judgment.
Court of Appeal Rules — Rule 68(1),(2) and sub‑rule 7 — notice of appeal must state correct date of judgment; defective notice renders appeal incompetent and liable to be struck out.
13 April 2016
Proceedings heard by a magistrate without a High Court transfer order under s45(2) are null and must be remitted for proper hearing.
Magistrates' Courts Act (Cap 11) s45(1)&(2) – requirement of a formal High Court transfer order to vest a resident magistrate with extended jurisdiction to hear appeals. Jurisdictional defect – proceedings heard without statutory transfer order are a nullity. Appellate Jurisdiction Act (Cap 141) s4(2) – Court of Appeal’s power to revise and declare proceedings null and remit for proper hearing.
13 April 2016
13 April 2016
Court upheld one murder conviction based on credible relative eyewitnesses and rejected alibi, but quashed the second count for insufficient evidence.
Criminal law – Murder – Identification and credibility of eyewitnesses – Relative witnesses competent; credibility for trial judge to assess. Criminal procedure – Alibi – duty to summon defence witnesses; accused’s failure to call witnesses may amount to abandonment of defence. Criminal procedure – Preliminary hearing – compliance with section 192(3) CPA; memorandum read and signed. Criminal procedure – Assessors – limits on questions and need for proper summing-up; irregularities not necessarily fatal absent prejudice. Sentencing – multiple murder counts – Court may quash counts where evidence insufficient; death sentence execution only once.
12 April 2016
A notice of appeal that fails to state the correct date of the challenged judgment is defective and the appeal is incompetent.
Criminal procedure – Court of Appeal Rules, Rule 68(2) and Rule 68(7) – Notice of appeal must correctly state date of challenged judgment – Failure to state correct date renders notice defective and appeal incompetent.
12 April 2016
Absence of a High Court transfer order under s45(2) renders proceedings before a magistrate with extended jurisdiction a nullity.
Magistrates' Courts Act s45(1)-(2) — requirement of High Court transfer order for resident magistrate with extended jurisdiction; jurisdictional defect — proceedings a nullity; Appellate Jurisdiction Act s4(2) — exercise of revisionary powers and remittal for proper hearing.
12 April 2016
Plea of guilty was unequivocal; appeal limited to sentence legality and dismissed as sentence lawful.
Criminal law – plea of guilty – unequivocal plea – ingredients of armed robbery (s.287A Penal Code) – appeals after guilty plea limited to legality of sentence (s.360 Criminal Procedure Act) – new grounds on second appeal generally not entertained – procedural irregularity in judgment title not fatal.
12 April 2016
Appeal struck out for incomplete record (missing CMA proceedings) and time‑barred High Court revision under ELRA.
Employment law – Revision of CMA arbitration award – Section 91(1) ELRA – six‑week limitation period for setting aside award. Civil procedure – Appeals – record completeness – mandatory inclusion of CMA proceedings under Rule 96(2)(c) of the Court of Appeal Rules. Civil procedure – Incompetent appeal – striking out under Rule 4(2)(a) where primary documents are omitted. Costs – employment causes – no order as to costs when appeal struck out.
11 April 2016
11 April 2016
A defective notice failing to identify the decision and conviction renders a criminal appeal incompetent and is struck out.
Criminal procedure — Notice of appeal — requirements under Rule 68(2) and (7) — necessity to identify the decision and particulars of conviction — defective notice renders appeal incompetent — appeal struck out.
11 April 2016
A defective notice misidentifying the High Court decision and conviction renders a criminal appeal incompetent and is struck out.
Criminal procedure – Appeal competency – Valid notice of appeal is fundamental; must identify High Court decision and briefly state conviction/sentence (Rule 68(2),(7) CAR 2009). Procedural law – Defective notice – Misstatement of case number, judge, offence or sentence renders appeal incompetent. Appeals practice – Court will strike out appeal lacking a valid notice rather than determine merits despite appellant’s explanation.
11 April 2016
Assessors cross‑examining witnesses and improper summing up vitiated the trial; conviction quashed and retrial ordered.
Criminal procedure – assessors’ role – assessors must not cross‑examine witnesses; cross‑examination by assessors vitiates trial for bias; improper summing up and failure to give reasons for departing from assessors’ unanimous opinion amount to incurable irregularity – conviction and sentence quashed; retrial ordered.
11 April 2016
A notice of appeal bearing the wrong judgment date is incurably defective and renders the appeal incompetent.
Appeal procedure — Notice of appeal — Rule 68(2) & Form B — requirement to state correct judgment date; variance between notice and record is incurably defective; appeal incompetent — appeal struck out.
11 April 2016
An incorrect judgment date in a notice of appeal renders the notice incurably defective and the appeal is struck out.
Civil procedure – Appeals – Notice of appeal – Requirement to state correctly the date of the judgment appealed against per Rule 68(2) and Form B – Variance of dates renders notice incurably defective – appeal struck out.
11 April 2016
9 April 2016
Conviction for statutory rape upheld on the complainant's reliable testimony and corroborating circumstances despite minor inconsistencies.
Criminal law – Statutory rape – Proof of offence may rest on victim's testimony; age and pregnancy corroborated by surrounding circumstances. Evidence – Uncorroborated child/victim testimony admissible under s.127(7) Law of Evidence Act if court satisfied of truthfulness. Evidence – Minor contradictions (e.g., circumcision) do not necessarily vitiate conviction; assess discrepancies in context. Procedure – Absence of PF3 does not automatically defeat proof of pregnancy where other evidence establishes the fact.
8 April 2016
8 April 2016
8 April 2016
Six‑week time for revision under s91(1)(a) ERLA runs from service of the arbitration award on the applicant; award must be served.
Employment law – limitation period for revising CMA award under section 91(1)(a) ERLA – time runs from service of award on applicant; procedural duty to serve awards – legislative inadequacy and directive to require notification and service; High Court misdirection in treating time from issue date; revision remitted for hearing.
8 April 2016
Appellant’s statutory rape conviction upheld on victim’s testimony and pregnancy evidence.
Criminal law – Statutory rape – Proof of sexual intercourse and victim’s age; best evidence of the victim; absence of PF3 not fatal; corroboration not required under s.127(7) Law of Evidence Act; minor contradictions immaterial.
6 April 2016
January 2016
Omission to swear prosecution witnesses vitiated the trial; weak identification and misapplied recent-possession doctrine led to quashing convictions.
Criminal procedure – failure to administer oath/affirmation to prosecution witnesses – evidence given without oath has no evidential value – trial rendered a nullity; Visual identification – Waziri Amani criteria – insufficiency of identification evidence; Recent possession – improper reliance where recovered items not properly identified; Retrial – Fatehali Manji principles – not ordered where it would unfairly advantage prosecution.
1 January 2016