Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

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26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
19 judgments

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19 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
July 2024
An appeal against a conviction based on an unequivocal plea of guilty was dismissed despite procedural errors in admitting evidence.
Criminal procedure – appeal against conviction on a plea of guilty – requirements for an unequivocal plea – admissibility of exhibits – effect of procedural defects in evidence where conviction is based solely on the plea – section 360(1) of Criminal Procedure Act.
1 July 2024
June 2024
An application for extension of time was struck out for lack of proper supporting affidavits and failure to name all applicants.
Civil procedure – Application for extension of time – Affidavit requirements in representative applications – Necessity of identifying all applicants – Application fatally defective if not supported by affidavits of all applicants and if other parties are not named – Application struck out.
28 June 2024
The court upheld an armed robbery conviction based on a confession, visual identification, and recent possession of stolen property.
Criminal law – armed robbery – appeals – sufficiency of proof – visual identification – admissibility of confession – doctrine of recent possession – adequacy of charge particulars – effect of procedural irregularities in caution statements.
28 June 2024
A valid and unequivocal guilty plea, despite minor charge sheet errors, supports conviction and mandatory minimum sentence for drug offences.
Criminal law – Plea of guilty – Whether plea unequivocal – Minor irregularities or typographical errors in charge sheet – Tendering and reading of exhibits – Mandatory minimum sentence under the Drugs Control and Enforcement Act.
13 June 2024
The court upheld a statutory rape conviction, confirming the victim's age was sufficiently proven and dismissing the appeal in its entirety.
Criminal law – statutory rape – proof of age of victim – evidence required in sexual offence cases – confessional statements – admissibility of medical reports – appellate procedure regarding new grounds of appeal.
13 June 2024
A suit for compensation arising from alleged land trespass and government promises was dismissed as time-barred.
Land law – Limitation of actions – Time-barred suits – Pleading requirements under Order VII Rule 6 of the Civil Procedure Code – Causes of action in tort and compensation – Non-joinder of necessary parties – Civil procedure and interpretation of pleadings.
12 June 2024
Appeal allowed where conviction for rape was based on untested and unreliable complainants’ evidence with material contradictions.
Criminal law – Rape – Sexual offences – Victim evidence – Assessment of credibility and reliability – Contradictory testimony – Standard of proof in criminal cases – Failure by trial court to test credibility of witnesses – Conviction based on weak and unreliable evidence.
12 June 2024
Appellant's conviction for unnatural offence upheld due to credible identification by recognition and sufficient corroborative evidence.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence – Proof beyond reasonable doubt – Identification by recognition – Reliability of witness testimony – Medical evidence sufficiency – Appellate interference with concurrent findings – Criminal Procedure Act, section 235(1).
12 June 2024
Court affirms convictions for drug trafficking, finding constructive possession and rejecting procedural and evidentiary challenges by the appellants.
Criminal law – trafficking in narcotic drugs – constructive possession – sufficiency of evidence – chain of custody – admissibility of retracted confession – procedural irregularities in search and seizure – standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.
11 June 2024
The appellate court upheld the conviction for rape and unnatural offence, emphasizing the sufficiency of victim testimony and corroborating evidence.
Criminal law – Sexual offences – Rape and unnatural offence – Standard of proof – Admissibility of medical evidence – Sufficiency of victim’s testimony – Credibility of witnesses – Appellate review of concurrent findings.
11 June 2024
A public servant must exhaust statutory remedies before referring a labour dispute to the CMA; failure voids proceedings.
Labour law – Public servants – Jurisdiction – Requirement to exhaust internal remedies before referring disputes to the Commission for Mediation and Arbitration – Applicability of section 32A of the Public Service Act – Nullity of proceedings commenced without jurisdiction.
11 June 2024
Extension of time granted where the applicant diligently accounted for delay in filing the record of appeal out of time.
Civil Procedure – Application for extension of time – Good cause under Rule 10 of the Tanzania Court of Appeal Rules – Principles for granting extension – Accounting for delay and diligence in prosecution.
10 June 2024
An appeal was struck out as time-barred due to failure to serve a requisite letter on the respondents within the statutory period.
Civil procedure – Appeals – Failure to serve letter requesting certified High Court documents – Time bar – Requirement for proof of service – Certificate of delay – Overriding objective principle not applicable to mandatory procedural requirements.
10 June 2024
Conviction for rape quashed due to unreliable and inconsistent prosecution evidence that failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – rape – credibility of witness – contradictions in prosecution evidence – standard of proof in sexual offence cases – second appeal – concurrent findings of lower courts overturned where based on misapprehended evidence.
7 June 2024
An appeal was struck out as time barred due to late application for proceedings and failure to serve respondents as required by law.
Civil procedure – Appeal – Time limits for institution of appeal – Rule 90 (1) and (3) Tanzania Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Exclusion of time and requirements for application and service for certified proceedings – Late application and failure to serve respondents disentitles appellant from time exclusion – Appeal struck out as time barred.
7 June 2024
Circumstantial and recognition evidence sufficed to uphold a murder conviction despite procedural defects and minor inconsistencies.
Criminal law – Murder – Circumstantial evidence – Recognition evidence – Whether failure to include accused’s cautioned statement in committal proceedings is fatal – Doctrine of last seen – Minor contradictions in prosecution evidence – Sufficiency of circumstantial evidence for conviction.
5 June 2024
A conviction for armed robbery was quashed due to material variance between the charge and prosecution evidence, and failure to prove essential elements.
Criminal law – armed robbery – variance between charge and evidence – proof of elements of offence – amendment of charge sheet – standard of proof – quashing of conviction on appeal.
4 June 2024
Court allows appellant to supplement missing third-party procedure documents in the record rather than nullifying proceedings.
Civil procedure – Third-party proceedings – Order I Rule 14(3) of the Civil Procedure Code – Omission of order granting leave – Supplementing record under Rule 96(7) of the Court of Appeal Rules – Incomplete record of appeal.
4 June 2024
May 2024
Conviction quashed where eyewitness identification was unreliable and contradictions were not resolved by the trial court.
* Criminal law – Murder – visual identification – requirement that identification evidence be watertight to eliminate mistaken identity (Waziri Amani principle). * Evidence – contradictions in eyewitness testimony and failure of trial court to resolve material inconsistencies undermining conviction. * Evidence – alleged cautioned statement not tendered and therefore not admissible; hearsay cannot support conviction. * Procedure – appeal abates on death of appellant under Rule 78(1) Court of Appeal Rules, 2009.
30 May 2024