Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
20 judgments

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20 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2009
Trial for scheduled economic firearms offences without prior DPP consent is jurisdictionally invalid; convictions quashed and retrial ordered.
Criminal law – Jurisdiction – Economic and Organized Crimes Control Act – Scheduled offences – Prior consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions required for trial of economic offences in subordinate courts – Trial without DPP consent nullity – Post hoc consent ineffective.
12 June 2009
May 2009
Whether a District Registrar’s certificate can validate an appellant’s notice of appeal filed after the 14‑day limit.
Criminal procedure — Appeals — Time limits for filing notice of appeal under Rule 61(1) — Registrar's duties under Rule 16(1) when documents are lodged out of time — Effect (or non‑effect) of District Registrar's communication on validity of a late notice — Endorsement and dating of prisoners' notices (Rule 68(3)).
28 May 2009
Prisoner appellants' Notice of Appeal lacking the Rule 68(3) prison endorsement was time-barred and the appeal was struck out.
Criminal procedure — Appeals — Time limits under Rule 61(1) — Prisoner appellants and Rule 68(3) endorsement requirement — Registrar’s endorsement does not cure absence of prison officer’s endorsement — Preliminary objection of incompetence sustained.
28 May 2009
An imprisoned appellant must prove Rule 68(3) endorsement to benefit from time exclusions; failure renders the appeal incompetent.
Criminal procedure — Appeals — Time limits for filing notice of appeal (Rule 61(1)) — Prisoner appellants — Rule 68 exclusionary provisions and requirement of prison officer's endorsement (Rule 68(3)) — Non-compliance renders appeal incompetent.
28 May 2009
Prison appellant must prove prison officer's endorsement under Rule 68(3); absent endorsement, a notice of appeal is time‑barred.
Criminal procedure – Appeals – Time limits – Rule 61(1) requires notice of appeal within 14 days; Rule 68 applies to appellants in prison but Rule 68(3) mandates prison officer's endorsement of date/time of receipt; absence of endorsement and supporting evidence renders an appeal time‑barred and incompetent.
28 May 2009
The appellants’ appeal was struck out as time‑barred and for failure to comply with Rules 61 and 68.
Criminal practice — Appeal competency — Time bar under Rule 61(1) of the Court of Appeal Rules; Prisoner notices — Rule 68(1) deeming provision and mandatory endorsement under Rule 68(3); Absence of prison officer’s endorsement defeats claim of timely filing.
22 May 2009
Minor omissions in a criminal notice of appeal under Rule 61 are not fatal; substantial compliance suffices.
Criminal procedure – Notice of appeal – Court of Appeal Rules, Rule 61(5),(6),(7) – Form B – substantial compliance – omission as to appellants' attendance and advocate's retention status – non‑fatal defects – jurisdictional citation not required – distinction from application for extension of time (Maneno s/o Abdallah).
22 May 2009
A notice of appeal lacking the mandatory prison officer endorsement is time‑barred and therefore incompetent.
Criminal procedure – Notice of appeal – Court of Appeal Rules 61(1) and 68(3) – Mandatory prison officer endorsement (date and time) where judgment delivered in absentia – Competency and time‑bar – Separate affidavit cannot cure absence of endorsements – Registrar endorsement (Rule 15) – Remedy of application for extension of time.
22 May 2009
Reported
Application mixing two reviews and seeking to depart from an earlier decision was misconceived and time‑barred; struck out with costs.
Review procedure – application mixing two matters – abuse of process; Competency to be heard – respondent not party to decision sought to be reviewed; Time limitation – review applications must be filed within 60 days; Application struck out with costs.
22 May 2009
Reported
Conviction upheld on a voluntary, truthful extra‑judicial confession recorded by a Justice of the Peace.
* Evidence — Confession — meaning under s.3(1)(b) and (c) of the Evidence Act; voluntariness under ss.27–28 — burden on prosecution to prove no threat, promise or inducement. * Procedure — trial within a trial to determine voluntariness; role of Justice of the Peace following Chief Justice's instructions. * Admissibility — a voluntary confession, even if retracted, may support conviction if the court is satisfied of its truth.
22 May 2009
A notice of appeal filed by appellants in custody was struck out as time‑barred where it was undated, unendorsed and filed outside Rule 61(1)’s 14 days.
Criminal procedure — Appeals — Time‑limits — Rule 61(1) fourteen‑day period runs from date of decision; notification to absent appellant does not alter start date absent proof — Prison appellants — Rule 68 requires officer‑in‑charge endorsement (date/time) and forwarding to Registrar to exclude intervening time — Notice of appeal undated and unendorsed is defective — Preliminary objection for want of time upheld.
22 May 2009
The appellant’s conviction was upheld where direct evidence proved ownership of pipes and her participation in the theft.
* Criminal law – stealing by servant – proof of ownership and proof of participation/possession required to sustain conviction. * Evidence – credibility findings – appellate restraint where case depends on witness credibility and no material misdirection appears. * Evidence Act s.89 – presumption that trial record correctly records witness testimony. * Accomplice/corroboration – direct prosecution witnesses not shown to be accomplices do not attract corroboration requirement.
21 May 2009
The appellant's voluntary extra-judicial confession, found truthful, sufficed to uphold his murder conviction.
* Criminal law – Evidence – Extra-judicial confession recorded by Justice of the Peace – Definition under Evidence Act s.3(1). * Evidence – Voluntariness – Onus on prosecution under s.27 to prove confession was not induced by threat, promise or other prejudice; trial within a trial. * Corroboration – Retracted confession may nonetheless support conviction if court is fully satisfied of its truth. * Procedure – Chief Justice's Instructions and role of Justice of the Peace in recording statements.
21 May 2009
Convictions based on unreliable visual identification, flawed identification parades and untested cautioned statements are unsafe and quashed.
* Criminal law – Evidence – Identification – Visual identification by single witnesses and dock identification – necessity for prior out-of-court identification and corroboration. * Criminal procedure – Identification parades – Police General Order No. 232 – procedural requirements and consequences of non-compliance. * Criminal procedure – Cautioned statements – requirement to establish voluntariness on the record in subordinate courts; inadmissible if no proper enquiry.
19 May 2009
A prison appellant’s notice of appeal must show prison officer receipt and endorsement or it will be time‑barred and struck out.
Criminal procedure – Appeals by convicted persons in custody – Court of Appeal Rules, Rule 68(1)–(3) – Requirement that prison officer endorse date/time of receipt and forward notice to Registrar – absence of endorsement prevents exclusion of transit time and renders notice time‑barred under Rule 61(1).
19 May 2009
Application to review and overrule prior Court decision was misconceived and time-barred; struck out with costs.
* Civil procedure – review – scope and competence to review prior Court decisions – limitations period for review (60 days). * Civil procedure – abuse of process – combining distinct review claims in one notice of motion; third party not being a party to one of the challenged decisions. * Civil practice – requirement that a respondent be a proper party before being required to make representations in a review application.
19 May 2009
A chamber application was struck out because it relied on a Civil Procedure Code provision not applicable to the Court of Appeal.
Civil Procedure Code – applicability – Section 2 limits the Code to High Court and subordinate courts; chamber application under Order XXXVI Rule 2 misplaced in Court of Appeal; preliminary objection on competence sustained; registry-signature irregularity noted for possible investigation.
19 May 2009
A late notice of appeal filed without an extension application is incompetent and is struck out.
Criminal appeal — competency of appeal — notice of appeal time‑barred under Rule 61(1) Court of Appeal Rules — failure to apply for extension of time — defective notice (Form B compliance) — striking out notice of appeal.
11 May 2009
March 2009
High Court lacked jurisdiction over an employment-derived trade dispute; tort claims tied to employment could not be severed.
* Employment law – trade dispute – dispute arising from employment contract and connected reliefs (salary, fringe benefits) – outside High Court original jurisdiction. * Civil procedure – preliminary objection – jurisdiction – striking out for lack of jurisdiction. * Severance – tort claims (false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, defamation) cannot be severed where they are connected to a trade dispute. * Reliance on Tambueni and KLM v Ferreira for the rule on trade disputes and non-severability.
21 March 2009
January 2009
A convicted fugitive not serving or suspended from custody lacks statutory right to appeal; notice given while at large is invalid.
Criminal appeals — eligibility to appeal while at large — Part X CPA (ss.359,361,366,327,330) — notice of intention within 10 days — petition within 45 days excluding time to obtain record — conviction in absentia and effect of fleeing justice — counsel representation and privilege versus substantive statutory rights.
1 January 2009