Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
18 judgments

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18 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
September 2017
Appellant's murder conviction quashed for failure to evaluate defence and unsafe, contradictory prosecution evidence.
Criminal law – conviction unsafe where trial judge fails to analyse defence evidence; cautioned statement inadmissible if timing inconsistent with offence; contradictions and inconsistencies in prosecution evidence render conviction unsafe; retrial not in interests of justice.
29 September 2017
Failure to record summing‑up and other procedural defects vitiated the trial; convictions quashed and appellants released.
Criminal procedure – trials before the High Court require assessors and recorded summing‑up notes; failure to record summing‑up vitiates proceedings. Procedure – post‑mortem and scene-sketch must be read/explained and accused informed of right to call maker (s.291(3) CPA). Evidence – extra‑judicial statements lacking essential particulars and improperly tendered are unreliable. Evidence – failure to call material eyewitnesses permits adverse inference. Retrial – not automatic where defects would allow prosecution to fill gaps; interests of justice may require quashing.
29 September 2017
Failure to serve the record of appeal within the prescribed period renders the appeal incompetent and it was struck out with costs.
Court of Appeal Rules — Rule 97(1) — service of record of appeal; Rule 86(1) — respondent to lodge address for appeal service; failure to serve within seven days renders appeal incompetent; Rule 10 — extension of time as remedy; Rule 2 not a remedy for lack of diligence.
29 September 2017
29 September 2017
Absence of assessors’ summing‑up record vitiates trial; conviction based on defective statements unsafe; appellant released.
Criminal procedure – High Court trials with assessors – mandatory duty to sum up to assessors and record the summing‑up or judge's notes; absence of summing‑up record renders proceedings nullity. Evidence – cautioned statements – requirement of compliance with section 50(1)(a) (four‑hour rule) and proper certification. Evidence – extrajudicial statements must sufficiently connect accused to offence. Retrial – discretionary; not ordered where conviction rests on defective or insufficient evidence and retrial would be unjust.
29 September 2017
29 September 2017
Court allowed amendment of a notice of appeal under Rule 111 to correct accidental errors without strict prerequisites.
* Civil procedure – Amendment of notice of appeal – Rule 111 Court of Appeal Rules 2009 – Court may allow amendment at any time – attachment of document to affidavit – no requirement to show good cause or attach the original judgment.
28 September 2017
Failure to record summing-up and other procedural defects vitiated conviction; appellants' convictions quashed and release ordered.
Criminal procedure – Trials before the High Court must be with the aid of assessors; failure to record or deliver summing-up notes nullifies proceedings; Admissibility of documentary evidence – post-mortem report and sketch map must be read, explained and accused informed of right to call maker (s.291/192 CPA); Extra-judicial statements – must be sufficiently specific and properly tendered by competent witness; Failure to call material eyewitnesses – evidence may be hearsay and adverse inference may be drawn; Retrial – ordered only when interests of justice require and not to allow prosecution to fill gaps.
28 September 2017
28 September 2017
Appeal struck out for non‑compliance with mandatory Rules 96(2) and 97(1); withdrawal refused; no order as to costs.
Civil procedure — Court of Appeal Rules — Rule 97(1): mandatory service of memorandum and record within seven days — noncompliance renders appeal incompetent; Rule 96(2): record of appeal must contain mandatory trial documents (application, pleadings) — omission makes record incomplete and appeal incompetent; withdrawal not permitted to pre-empt preliminary objection; costs — each party to bear own costs in estate matter.
28 September 2017
27 September 2017
An inordinate ten-year delay and inadequate reasons do not constitute good cause for extension to lodge a review.
Court of Appeal Rules — Rule 10 (extension of time); "Good cause" — Lyamuya principles (account for delay, not inordinate, diligence, point of law/illegality); requirement to account for each day of delay; inordinate delay (≈10 years) and absence of substantiation for claimed revision or pursuit of prison assistance; dismissal of application for extension.
25 September 2017
Defective notices of appeal and failure to record reasons for change of magistrate vitiated trial; retrial ordered.
Criminal procedure – Notices of appeal – Rule 68(2) Court Rules – requirement to state order appealed against; Change of magistrate – section 214(1) Criminal Procedure Act – successor must record reasons – non‑compliance vitiates trial; Court of Appeal – revisional jurisdiction under Appellate Jurisdiction Act to correct incurable irregularities apparent on record; Remedy – quash proceedings and order retrial; High Court appeal from null proceedings void.
23 September 2017
A ten‑year unexplained delay and asserted ignorance of review rights do not constitute good cause for extension of time.
* Civil procedure – Extension of time – Rule 10 Court of Appeal Rules – Good cause required – Lyamuya principles (account for delay; no inordinate delay; diligence; other sufficient reasons) – Inordinate ten‑year delay – Ignorance of review right, lack of counsel or filing a revision held insufficient.
22 September 2017
Improper statutory citation and failure to specify the correct Penal Code subsection rendered the rape charge incurable, warranting quashing of conviction.
Criminal procedure – Framing of charges – improper citation of SOSPA instead of Penal Code section 130 for rape; failure to state applicable category under s.130(2) – incurable defect; curability under s.388 Criminal Procedure Act; revisional powers under s.4(2) Appellate Jurisdiction Act; quashing conviction and setting aside sentence.
22 September 2017
20 September 2017
Rejection of an unlisted exhibit without hearing breached fair hearing; DPP’s interlocutory appeal allowed.
* Criminal procedure – preliminary hearing (s.192 CPA; Rules 4 & 6 GN No.192/1988) – exhibits need not be physically listed at preliminary hearing if materials are explained in summary of facts. * Evidence – admissibility – trial court must invite submissions before rejecting an exhibit not listed at preliminary hearing; failure violates audi alteram partem. * Constitutional law – right to fair hearing (Article 13(1) & 6(a)) – denial of opportunity to be heard is a fundamental irregularity. * Appellate jurisdiction – DPP’s right to appeal interlocutory orders (s.6(2) AJA); prohibition on appeals by accused against interlocutory orders (s.5(2)(d) AJA).
19 September 2017
Omission of subsection 130(2)(a) in a rape charge vitiated the trial; conviction and sentence were quashed.
Criminal law – Rape – Particulars of charge – Requirement to specify which description under s.130(2)/(3) of Penal Code – Omission of s.130(2)(a) fatal; fair trial; revisional powers under s.4(2) AJA; retrial inappropriate where prosecution caused defect.
7 September 2017