Court of Appeal of Tanzania

This is the highest level in the justice delivery system in Tanzania. The Court of Appeal draws its mandate from Article 117(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Court hears appeals  on both point of law and facts for cases originating from the High Court of Tanzania and Magistrates with extended jurisdiction in exercise of their original jurisdiction or appellate and revisional jurisdiction over matters originating in the District Land and Housing Tribunals, District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrate. The Court also hears similar appeals  from quasi judicial bodies of status equivalent to that of the High Court. It  further hears appeals  on point of law against the decision of the High Court in  matters originating from Primary Courts. The Court of Appeal also exercises jurisdiction on appeals originating from the High Court of Zanzibar except for constitutional issues arising from the interpretation of the Constitution of Zanzibar and matters arising from the Kadhi Court.

Physical address
26 Kivukoni Road Building P.O. Box 9004, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
28 judgments

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28 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2015
Respondent failed to prove ownership; trial magistrate misapplied burden of proof and appeal was allowed.
Civil procedure – burden of proof – plaintiff must prove ownership on balance of probabilities; appellate review of credibility findings and requirement for trial court to give reasons when rejecting evidence; validity of sale agreement and ownership disputes over land/structure.
28 December 2015
The applicant recovered hotel charges and general damages after a respondent personally undertook to pay for guests' accommodation.
Contract and commercial disputes – hotel accommodation – agency/assumption of liability – evidential proof of undertaking to pay – deposits paid by third party – relevance and linkage to services rendered – appellate re-evaluation of factual findings; damages and interest.
14 December 2015
Whether the appeal was time-barred where the memorandum was filed before service of the certified record of appeal.
Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Rule 72(1): commencement of 21-day period upon service of the certified record of appeal; Registrar’s letter supplying proceedings not equivalent to service of record; premature memorandum of appeal struck out; Court may allow refiling under Rule 4(2)(a) and Rule 72(5) to secure substantial justice.
14 December 2015
Inadequate summing up and insufficient involvement of assessors rendered the High Court trial a nullity; conviction quashed and retrial ordered.
Criminal procedure – Trials with assessors – Duty to sum up adequately to assessors (summary of facts, evidence, law, and defence) – Assessors’ participation, including questioning witnesses – Failure to comply renders trial a nullity – Conviction quashed and retrial ordered.
14 December 2015
Leave to appeal refused where dispute was factual and concurrent credibility findings raised no point of law.
Land law – ownership dispute – leave to appeal – findings of fact based on witness credibility – concurrent findings of lower courts – appellate restraint where no point of law shown.
11 December 2015
Revocation of lease was void for denial of hearing; alternative plot ordered, monetary award quashed for lack of evidence.
Land law – Revocation of lease – procedural fairness and natural justice – right to be heard/notice to show cause – invalidity of administrative revocation; remedy—alternative land allocation versus setting aside subsequent allocation; compensation – requirement of evidential basis.
11 December 2015
An appeal is incompetent if the record omits required pleadings and proceedings under Rule 96(1).
Civil procedure — Appeal — Record of appeal — Rule 96(1)(c) & (d) — requirement to include pleadings and complete record of proceedings; omission of chamber summons and affidavits; Rule 96(3) application for exclusion of documents; incompetency and striking out of appeal.
9 December 2015
Notice of appeal failing to identify individual respondents and not complying with Form B is incurably defective and appeal struck out.
Criminal procedure – Notice of appeal – Compliance with Rule 68(1),(2) and (7) and FORM B – Impleading of absent person who never appeared at trial – Requirement to identify individual respondents – Incurable defects rendering appeal incompetent.
8 December 2015
An appeal lacking a properly dated decree is incompetent and will be struck out despite registry errors.
Civil procedure – Appeal competence – Requirement to include a properly drawn decree in record of appeal (rule 96(1)(h) Court of Appeal Rules 2009) – Decree must bear the date judgment was pronounced (Order XXIII Rule 7 Civil Procedure Decree) – Decree dated differently from judgment renders appeal incompetent.
8 December 2015
Extension of time granted where inadvertent procedural error and prompt corrective action demonstrated sufficient cause.
Civil procedure – extension of time – sufficient cause – inadvertent procedural error (filing revision instead of reference) – prompt corrective action and reasonable diligence may justify enlargement of time.
8 December 2015
Court granted extension of time to file a reference, excusing counsel’s inadvertent procedural error due to prompt corrective action.
Extension of time – sufficient cause – court to consider reasons for delay not merits; Counsel’s inadvertence/negligence excusable where prompt corrective steps taken; Active pursuit of remedies amounts to diligence.
8 December 2015
Registrar’s post‑filed certificate of delay cannot render an otherwise timely appeal incompetent.
Civil procedure – computation of time for filing an appeal – effect of Registrar’s certificate of delay issued after filing – preliminary objection on time bar overruled where memorandum filed within prescribed period following extension of time.
7 December 2015
7 December 2015
7 December 2015
Notices of appeal that wrongfully implead an absent accused and refer to respondents only as "11 others" are incurably defective.
Court of Appeal Rules 2009 — Rule 68(1),(2),(7) — Notice of criminal appeal must identify respondent(s) and substantially follow Form B; improper impleading of absent accused; "others" without identification incurable defect; misdescription of order appealed vitiates notice.
7 December 2015
A stay of execution application in the Court of Appeal requires a prior notice of appeal; otherwise it lacks jurisdiction.
* Civil procedure – Jurisdiction – Stay of execution – Whether a notice of appeal is a prerequisite under Rule 11(2)(b) of the Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Absence of notice of appeal renders stay application non-justiciable.
7 December 2015
Prompt, diligent post-strike-out conduct can constitute good cause to extend time to file a Notice of Appeal.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Rule 10 Court of Appeal Rules – "good cause" requires consideration of promptness, explanation for delay, diligence and special circumstances (e.g. alleged illegality) – post-strike-out prompt applications may justify enlargement.
7 December 2015
5 December 2015
Prompt correction of counsel's procedural error constituted sufficient cause to grant extension of time to file a reference.
* Civil procedure – extension of time – sufficient cause – inquiry limited to reasons for delay, not merits of earlier applications * Procedural mistake – inadvertent filing of revision instead of reference – may be excused where promptly corrected * Diligence – prompt corrective action and continuous pursuit of remedies justify enlargement of time * Court of Appeal – role in extension applications limited to assessing delay, not re-deciding substantive issues
5 December 2015
4 December 2015
Court granted extension to file notice of appeal, finding applicant acted promptly and established good cause.
Civil procedure – Extension of time under Rule 10 – "Good cause" requires consideration of promptness, explanation for delay and diligence; prior High Court refusal not necessarily determinative; ignorance of procedure not per se sufficient but may be considered in context.
3 December 2015
Court dismissed improperly pleaded preliminary objection and held a Muslim's Mainland affirmation valid; application to be heard on merit.
Civil procedure — preliminary objections — competence and enabling provisions; Oaths & affirmations — validity of a Muslim's affirmation taken in Mainland Tanzania for proceedings filed in Zanzibar; Court's discretion under Court of Appeal Rules to dispense with written submissions and hear matter on merits.
3 December 2015
Alleged invalidity of a Muslim's affirmed affidavit failed; court dismissed the preliminary objection and ordered hearing on the merits.
Civil procedure — preliminary objection — competence and enabling provisions; Oaths and affirmations — validity of Muslim affirmation administered in Mainland Tanzania; Court of Appeal Rules — discretion to dispense with written submissions and proceed to oral hearing.
3 December 2015
An application for restoration is incompetent and struck out if the dismissal ruling sought to be restored is not attached.
Court of Appeal procedure – Restoration of dismissed application – Requirement to attach the dismissal Ruling – Competence of application – Rules 48(1) and 63(3) of the Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Application struck out for failure to produce vital document.
2 December 2015
Application to restore dismissed matter struck out for failure to attach the vital dismissal ruling; no costs ordered.
Civil procedure – Application for restoration of dismissed proceeding – Necessity to attach the dismissal ruling – Competence of application – Affidavits must exhibit vital documents – Failure to attach vital document renders application incompetent – Costs where defect prompted by court suo motu.
2 December 2015
Restoration application struck out for incompetence where the essential dismissal ruling was not produced.
* Civil procedure – Restoration of dismissed application – Requirement to attach the dismissal ruling as a vital supporting document – Competence of restoration application. * Evidence/pleadings – Annexures to affidavits must include material documents relied upon. * Costs – No order as to costs where defect was prompted by the Court suo motu.
2 December 2015
April 2015
Non-joinder of the mortgagor and failure to state when the cause of action arose led to striking out the suit with costs.
Civil Procedure — Mortgage suits — Order XXXII Rule 1(1): mandatory joinder of persons with interest in mortgage or right of redemption; Order VII Rule 1(e): plaint must state facts constituting cause of action and when it arose — failure to comply grounds for striking out; locus standi of corporate plaintiff vs. mortgagor.
17 April 2015
March 2015
Ignorance of law by a lay applicant is not a reasonable ground to extend time to seek leave to appeal.
Civil procedure – extension of time – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.11(1) – application for leave to appeal – ignorance of law by a layperson is not a reasonable ground for extension – copies of judgment not a prerequisite to file application for leave.
6 March 2015