High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
58 judgments

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58 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2002
High Court upheld appellate division of matrimonial property, finding the second wife made no contribution and refusing to interfere.
Matrimonial property – division of property between spouses – assessment of contribution under section 114 Law of Marriage Act, 1971 – evidence required to establish contribution. Family law – effect of cohabitation timing on status as contributor to matrimonial property – joinder of interested third parties in divorce/property proceedings. Civil appeal – appellate court's discretionary division of matrimonial property – appellate interference only where discretion misapplied or unsupported by reasons.
31 October 2002
Application to reinstate time-barred appeal dismissed; once appeal dismissed court lacks jurisdiction to revise, review only.
Civil procedure – time bars and extension of time – dismissal of appeal as time-barred extinguishes jurisdiction to revise; review may remain available. Procedure – reinstatement of appeal – application to reinstate time-barred appeal inappropriate once appeal dismissed. Remedies – proper remedy after dismissal for time-barred appeal is review or prior application for extension of time.
31 October 2002
Application for injunction over parastatal premises dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and non‑compliance with mandatory statutory requirements.
Administrative and civil procedure – Mandatory pre‑action notice to government/Attorney General – Failure to serve ninety‑day notice renders suit incompetent; Civil procedure – Proper registry and existence of main suit; Statutory leave required to sue receivers under Bankruptcy/Public Corporations statutes; Rent Restriction Act – bars adjudication/injunctions over parastatal or local authority premises; Possession – terminated employment and absence of tenancy agreement mean claimants may be trespassers, not entitled to injunction.
31 October 2002
Appeal dismissed: lack of evidence the cow was returned or died and concurrent lower-court findings upheld.
Civil procedure – appeal – appellate interference with concurrent findings – when to disturb lower courts' concurrent judgments. Customary/marriage law – betrothal/bride-price – recovery of cattle paid as betrothal where marriage fails. Evidence – burden of proof and need for corroboration (witnesses, veterinary evidence) to prove death and transfer of livestock. Admission of fresh evidence on appeal – afterthought claims and requirements for new evidence to be admitted.
30 October 2002
30 October 2002
The appellant’s appeal dismissed; respondent entitled to recovery of a cow paid as betrothal due to lack of evidence of death or delivery.
Family law – betrothal (bride) price – recovery of cattle; evidence – proof of delivery and death of animal; failure to produce veterinary evidence; appellate procedure – inadmissibility of new evidence/after‑thought on appeal; concurrent findings – appeal dismissed as frivolous.
30 October 2002
Application for leave to sue parastatal and state-owned company granted; costs ordered in the cause.
Civil procedure – Leave to sue parastatal and state-owned entity – Application granted where respondents raise no objection – Costs in the cause.
30 October 2002
Minister cannot extend limitation period once statutory extension window has lapsed; application struck out as incompetent.
Law of Limitation Act s44(1) – Ministerial discretion to extend limitation period; limitation periods for tort (three years) and allowable one-half extension; time runs from day cause of action arose; inability to extend after extension window lapsed; competence of application for certiorari.
30 October 2002
30 October 2002
30 October 2002
30 October 2002
Application struck out because statutory extension period had lapsed; Minister had no power to extend time.
Limitation law – extension of time under Law of Limitation Act – Minister’s discretion limited to one half of statutory period – time runs from cause of action – application incompetent if allowable extension lapsed.
30 October 2002
Appeal struck out for failure to file statutory notice and to seek extension under section 361 of the Criminal Procedure Act.
Criminal procedure — Notice of appeal — section 361(a) Criminal Procedure Act — mandatory time limits for lodging notice and filing appeal after certification — extension of time/leave required for late appeals — oral unrecorded intention to appeal insufficient — appeal struck out as time-barred.
29 October 2002
Court struck out suit for lack of jurisdiction, finding the Housing Tribunal the proper forum for a landlord–tenant dispute.
Jurisdiction — Landlord–tenant relationship — Suit properly triable before Regional Housing Tribunal — Special forum doctrine — Civil court will not normally entertain matters committed to a specialized forum — Pleadings disclosing tenancy — Strike out for lack of appropriate forum.
29 October 2002
The court held the applicant's dispute is a landlord–tenant matter for the Regional Housing Tribunal and struck out the suit.
Land law – jurisdiction – landlord–tenant disputes – Regional Housing Tribunal is the appropriate forum; specialized forum doctrine; plaint discloses lease/landlord–tenant relationship; suit struck out for want of jurisdiction.
29 October 2002
A dispute founded on terms of a lease is for the Housing Tribunal; the High Court struck out the suit for lack of proper forum.
Civil procedure – Jurisdiction – landlord/tenant disputes – Appropriate forum: Housing/Regional Tribunal under Rent Restriction Act versus civil courts. Special forum principle – where legislature creates a specialised tribunal, civil courts should decline jurisdiction unless no adequate remedy exists there. Pleadings – substance of plaint and written agreement may determine forum for dispute.
29 October 2002
Applicant granted extension to file notice and petition of appeal due to misplaced papers and frequent prison transfers.
Prisoners — extension of time to file notice of intention to appeal and appeal — frequent transfers of prisoner may constitute sufficient cause — requirement for State to produce prison officer affidavit to rebut prisoner’s account.
28 October 2002
Court reduced an excessive claimed instruction fee and taxed the bill of costs at shs 183,350, striking off the remainder.
Taxation of costs – assessment of reasonableness of instruction fees – application of prescribed scale (GN 515) – disallowance/reduction where entries do not tally with court record.
24 October 2002
24 October 2002
An ex‑parte decree will not be set aside absent proof of non‑service or sufficient cause for non‑appearance.
Ex‑parte judgment; Order 9 Rule 13(1) CPC – setting aside decree for non‑service or sufficient cause; proof of service by process servers; misdescription of defendant curable by amendment; balance of probabilities standard; failure to call process servers for cross‑examination weakens non‑service claim.
23 October 2002
Application to restore withdrawn appeal dismissed as time‑barred and fatally defective for not citing enabling provisions.
Civil procedure — Application to restore withdrawn appeal — Time bar under Item 21, First Schedule, Civil Procedure Code (60 days) — Applicant failed to account for ten‑month delay — Limitation a total defence — Failure to cite enabling provisions fatal — Application dismissed with costs.
22 October 2002
Affidavits must be based on personal knowledge; counsel’s affidavits are defective and may invalidate an application.
Affidavits – competency of deponent – affidavits must be based on personal knowledge; Advocate’s affidavit – generally defective and hearsay; Where sole evidence is counsel’s affidavit the application is invalid and liable to be struck out; Costs may be awarded.
22 October 2002
An affidavit sworn by counsel lacks necessary personal knowledge and renders an application invalid if it is the sole evidence.
Civil procedure — Affidavits — Requirement of personal knowledge — Affidavit sworn by counsel ordinarily hearsay and defective — Application supported solely by counsel's affidavit invalid — Application struck out with costs.
22 October 2002
Appellant's failure to file court‑ordered submissions amounted to failure to prosecute, warranting dismissal; no costs in employment case.
Civil procedure — Failure to prosecute — Non‑compliance with court order to file written submissions — Dismissal of appeal. Employment law — Costs in employment causes — Section 143 Employment Ordinance — costs generally not awarded absent justification. Procedural compliance — court orders for submissions treated as part of hearing.
22 October 2002
22 October 2002
Applicant’s attempt to vacate dismissal for late filings fails; counsel’s negligence imputed to applicant and application dismissed.
Civil procedure – application to set aside dismissal for want of prosecution – counsel’s late filing imputed to client – failure to cite enabling provisions may render application incompetent – application dismissed with costs.
22 October 2002
An advocate’s affidavit lacking personal knowledge is inadmissible; an application supported solely by such affidavit is struck out with costs.
Evidence — Affidavits — Affidavit must be based on deponent’s personal knowledge; Affidavit sworn by counsel is generally defective as hearsay; Application supported solely by counsel’s affidavit is invalid and may be struck out with costs.
22 October 2002
22 October 2002
An application supported solely by an affidavit sworn by counsel is defective, inadmissible as hearsay, and must be struck out.
Civil procedure – Affidavits – Requirement that affidavits contain matters within deponent’s personal knowledge – Affidavit sworn by counsel defective where it contains hearsay derived from record, proceedings or client instructions. Evidence – Hearsay – Counsel’s affidavit as inadmissible substitute for oral evidence. Remedy – Application reliant solely on counsel-sworn affidavit is invalid and liable to be struck out with costs.
22 October 2002
An affidavit sworn by counsel based on records or client information is defective and renders the supported application invalid.
Evidence – Affidavit – Affidavit for use in court must be based on the deponent’s personal knowledge; affidavit sworn by counsel is defective/hearsay. Procedure – Application supported solely by counsel’s affidavit invalid; application struck out with costs.
22 October 2002
An application supported solely by an affidavit sworn by counsel is defective and will be struck out with costs.
Affidavits – competency of deponent; Affidavits by counsel – inadmissible if based on record or client instructions (hearsay); Affidavits must be from personal knowledge; Application supported solely by counsel‑sworn affidavit – invalid and struck out; Costs awarded.
22 October 2002
The appellant's appeal was dismissed as time‑barred under section 25(1)(b) of the Magistrates' Courts Act; merits not considered.
Appeal — statutory time limit for appeals — section 25(1)(b) Magistrates' Courts Act 1984 — accrual of right to appeal — effect of late filing — dismissal of time‑barred appeals.
22 October 2002
An appeal lodged outside the 30‑day statutory period is time‑barred and must be dismissed.
Appeal — Time limits — Section 25(1)(b) Magistrates’ Courts Act — Appeal to High Court must be lodged within 30 days of district court decision; appeal filed out of time is incompetent and merits not considered.
22 October 2002
An appeal filed beyond the statutory 30‑day period under section 25(1)(b) is time‑barred and must be dismissed.
Civil procedure – Appeals – Time limits – Section 25(1)(b) Magistrates' Courts Act 1984 – Appeal to High Court must be lodged within 30 days of district court decision – appeal filed out of time is time‑barred and cannot be entertained.* Evidence of filing (Exchequer Receipt) and arithmetic computation sufficient to establish lateness.* Court dismisses appeal for want of jurisdiction to hear merits; no order as to costs.
22 October 2002
Conviction in absentia without a s226(2) hearing vitiates proceedings and warrants remittal for magistrate’s reconsideration.
Criminal procedure – Conviction in absentia – Section 226(2) Criminal Procedure Act – Accused arrested after in absentia conviction must be brought before trial magistrate to explain absence and show probable defence – Failure to do so vitiates proceedings and requires remittal.
21 October 2002
Court granted the DPP an extension to file notice of intention to appeal and to lodge the appeal based on good cause and public interest.
Criminal procedure – extension of time to file notice of intention to appeal and to lodge appeal – section 379 Criminal Procedure Act 1985 – good cause, special or peculiar circumstances – prosecutorial discretion and public interest – delay caused by absent witnesses or office/agent procedural irregularity.
18 October 2002
Conviction quashed because the trial court lacked territorial jurisdiction where the offence was committed outside its district.
Criminal procedure – Territorial jurisdiction – Trial held outside district where offence occurred – Trial court lacked jurisdiction; conviction quashed.
17 October 2002
17 October 2002
The court authorised the applicant to adopt after valid consents and best‑interest requirements were satisfied.
Adoption — consent of natural parents and spouse — court inquiry into understanding of effect of adoption — continuous care and possession by applicant — compliance with Adoption Ordinance — best interests of child.
16 October 2002
Appellate court may cure a wrong charge by substituting the correct conviction and ordering release if sentence already served.
Criminal law – Wrong charge – Facts inconsistent with s.178(3) Penal Code – Curability of errors under Criminal Procedure Act – Substitution of conviction under s.178(1) – Sentence reduced to time served and immediate release ordered.
15 October 2002
Occupiers deriving possession from a dispossessed lessor cannot resist the applicant’s claim for vacant possession.
Property law – vacant possession; res judicata – misapplication by trial court; derivative possession – invitee cannot retain rights when lessor loses title; appellate review of retrial by District Court.
11 October 2002
11 October 2002
Taxation of advocate’s bill, stay pending taxation and interest granted where respondent did not oppose.
Advocates’ Ordinance (ss.61–63) – Taxation of bill of costs – Taxation and certification of taxation costs – Stay of action pending taxation – Interest on advocates’ bill – Costs in the cause.
11 October 2002
Applicant’s bill of costs to be taxed by Taxing Officer; orders granted as prayed and costs to lie in the cause.
Advocates' Ordinance – taxation of a Bill of Costs – whether Bill and costs of taxation should be taxed by Taxing Officer. Civil procedure – stay of action pending taxation of costs. Interest on assessed costs – claim for interest included in chamber summons. Admission in principle by respondent – non-opposition as basis for granting relief.
11 October 2002
A visiting justice cannot file an appeal for an imprisoned appellant; appeal found incompetent and dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Appeal from custody – Locus standi of visiting justice – Compliance with s.363 Criminal Procedure Rules (1985) – Requirement of notice and proper forwarding by officer in charge of prison.
11 October 2002
Res judicata cannot bar an application for vacant possession; invitees gain no independent title once the inviter’s possession or title is invalidated.
Civil procedure – application for vacant possession – distinction between application and suit – limited scope of res judicata. Property law – invitee’s rights – invitee derives no independent title from inviter; rights extinguish when inviter loses possession or has no title. Appellate review – lower court may not re-try and overturn a prior High Court finding on ownership by misapplying procedural bars.
11 October 2002
Appellate court held custodial sentences improper without offering statutory fine option and suspended driving licence 12 months.
Sentencing — statutory option of fine or imprisonment — sentencing discretion — usual practice to offer fine first; imprisonment only in default unless sufficient reason for immediate custody; licence suspension for 12 months where no special cause shown.
10 October 2002
10 October 2002
Order 1 Rule 10(2) strike-out application dismissed; preliminary objection belongs in pleadings or an Order VII Rule 11 rejection.
Civil procedure – Order 1 Rule 10(2) – removal/substitution of parties – limited to improper joinder – where defendant is sole party, application inappropriate; preliminary objections to plaint should be raised in defence or by Order VII Rule 11 – application dismissed with costs.
9 October 2002
Order 1 Rule 10(2) does not permit a sole defendant’s removal; objections belong in the main suit.
Civil procedure — Order 1 Rule 10(2) — removal or substitution of parties — limited to wrongly joined parties — sole defendant cannot be removed under O.1 r.10(2); preliminary objections to the plaint should be raised in the main suit; statutory vesting of liabilities issue to be determined in main proceedings.
9 October 2002