High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
129 judgments

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129 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2018
30 November 2018
Appellate court affirmed adultery finding based on credible oral testimony despite absence of the alleged written admission.
Family law – Adultery – Presence in spouse’s house at night – Oral testimony and admissions as primary proof where documentary admission not tendered. Evidence – Credibility – In‑court recantation of an earlier defensive account and corroborating child testimony upheld as credible. Civil appeal – Concurrent findings of fact – Appellate court reluctant to displace trial and first appeal factual findings absent compelling reason.
30 November 2018
An affidavit containing hearsay about the applicant’s finances and lacking the drawer’s name was defective and the application was struck out.
Election law – security for costs application – admissibility and competency of supporting affidavit. Civil procedure – affidavits – Order XIX r.3(1): affidavits must be confined to deponent’s personal knowledge except where belief is permitted; hearsay inadmissible. Verification clause – must disclose sources for matters on information or belief. Advocates Act s.44(1) – mandatory endorsement of drawer’s name and address; omission renders document defective. Constitutional discretion (Article 107A(2)(e)) cannot cure statutory non-compliance in affidavits.
30 November 2018
Dismissal for want of prosecution was unjustified where counsel appeared and the absence was excused; application restored.
Civil procedure – Dismissal for want of prosecution – Regulation 15(a) DLHT Regulations 2003 – requirement of three months non-attendance.* Appearance – attendance by advocate constitutes appearance for tribunal purposes.* Adjournment – valid excuse (medical attendance of close relative) and lack of objection by opposing parties negates dismissal.* Quorum/ex parte concerns – absence of some respondents undermined propriety of dismissal.* Remedy – restoration and rehearing before different tribunal chairperson and assessors.
30 November 2018
Plaintiff's belated claim to land registered in the deceased son's name failed due to acquiescence, estoppel and lack of proof.
Land law – ownership dispute over Title No. 8625 – whether portion falls within administrator's estate. Probate/administration – competing administrators claiming same property under different estates. Evidence – witness testimony and locus in quo inspection confirming registration and physical unity of properties. Procedural – estoppel and limitation (delay/acquiescence) barring belated land claims; relief: dismissal, costs and perpetual injunction.
30 November 2018
Procedural defects (failure to frame issues, improper admission of criminal judgment) required retrial; appeal allowed and matter remitted.
Civil procedure – Primary courts – admissibility of criminal judgments as evidence – Regulation 6 (weight of evidence) – procedural requirement to allow objection to exhibits – failure to frame issues and analyse evidence – retrial warranted – revision powers under section 29(1) Magistrates' Courts Act.
30 November 2018
Court quashed federation disciplinary decisions for breach of natural justice and failure to comply with Ethics Code formalities.
Judicial review – certiorari – procedural fairness and natural justice in disciplinary proceedings; compliance with TFF Ethics Code (rules 56, 57, 58, 69) – validity of decision (signatures, composition, date, grounds); affidavit verification and jurat formalities.
30 November 2018
Leave to appeal granted against a rule 29(3) dismissal; rule 29(4) does not bar appeal and preliminary objection was untimely.
Appellate procedure – s.5(1)(c) Appellate Jurisdiction Act – scope includes High Court rulings; Commercial Division Rules – rule 29(3) dismissal and rule 29(4) remedy; preliminary objections – timing and propriety; leave to appeal – arguable points of law deserving Court of Appeal consideration.
30 November 2018
Conviction quashed where trial court failed to evaluate evidence, give reasons, and the child witness identification lacked credibility.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence – Burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; Evaluation of evidence – obligation to analyse and give reasons for conviction; Child witness evidence – voir dire and credibility; Identification evidence – inconsistencies and absent eyewitnesses; Failure to consider defence – effect on safety of conviction.
29 November 2018
Conviction for statutory rape quashed where victim’s age was not proved and the defence was not properly considered.
Criminal law – Statutory rape – Age of victim is a fundamental element that must be proved by evidence under Sections 130 and 131 of the Penal Code. Criminal procedure – Fair hearing – Trial court must demonstrate consideration of accused’s defence and explain findings. Evidentiary proof – PF3 and medical evidence insufficient where victim's age is not proved.
29 November 2018
Leave to appeal granted on arguable illegality in winding-up proceedings despite applicant not being an original party.
Commercial law – leave to appeal; winding-up proceedings; standing of non-party to seek leave; alleged illegality and procedural irregularity in appointment/notice; affidavit admissibility; preliminary objection notice requirement.
28 November 2018
Review application filed beyond limitation period where drawn order was extracted earlier, therefore dismissed with costs.
Limitation of actions – review applications – whether time runs from extraction date of drawn order or date of issuance to party; Law of Limitation Act s.19(2) exclusion; preliminary objections – when they may be raised; procedural/formatting non‑compliance not a pure point of law.
28 November 2018
Acquittal affirmed for lawful land transfer; separate convictions quashed due to illegal evidence and jurisdictional defects.
Criminal law – evaluation of prosecution evidence – acquittal upheld where transfer of land followed valid court order. Evidence – cautioned and extrajudicial statements – inadmissible if recorded beyond statutory time limits; such statements must be expunged. Evidence – search and seizure & chain of custody – failure to comply undermines admissibility of exhibits. Criminal procedure – defective charge sheet / wrong statutory citation can vitiate trial; DPP consent and certificate of jurisdiction must correctly correspond to charged provisions. Remedies – conviction quashed and sentence set aside; retrial discretionary and may be refused where evidence is insufficient or prosecution gaps would remain.
28 November 2018
Court ordered amendment for misdescribed defendant and refused relief against a non‑party bank without joinder.
Civil procedure — preliminary objections — misjoinder/misdescription of parties — plaintiff sued wrong/entity misdescribed — relief sought against non‑party — court may add parties (Order I r.10(2) CPC) but may order amendment — misjoinder not fatal (Order I r.9 CPC) — preliminary objections as pure point of law.
28 November 2018
Court granted extension to a prisoner to file notice and petition of appeal out of time due to lack of prison advice.
Criminal Procedure Act s361(2) — extension of time to file notice of appeal; s361(1)(a) — requirements for notice; s363 — prisoners may process appeals through prison officers; prisoners' right to appeal; delay caused by lack of prison advice; leave to file notice and petition out of time.
28 November 2018
A convicting judgment that fails to specify the offence and legal provision pursuant to s.312(2) CPA vitiates the conviction and must be quashed.
Criminal procedure – Judgment writing – Section 312(2) CPA – Convicting judgment must specify offence, statutory provision and punishment. Non-compliance with statutory requirements of a judgment is fatal – conviction and sentence vitiated. Remedy – set aside judgment, quash conviction and remit file for a compliant judgment.
28 November 2018
Court grants extension of time to file a notice of appeal after an appeal was struck out as time-barred.
Criminal procedure – appeal struck out as time-barred – jurisdiction of the High Court over time-barred matters – dismissal versus striking out – extension of time to file Notice of Appeal.
28 November 2018
Conviction quashed where prosecution failed to prove burglary and theft beyond reasonable doubt; uncorroborated unwritten confession insufficient.
Criminal law – Burglary and theft – Proof beyond reasonable doubt required. Evidence – Alleged extra‑judicial confession not reduced to writing – limited probative value without police testimony or corroboration. Evidence – Footprints and absence of stolen property on arrest insufficient to prove guilt. Procedure – Failure to call investigating officers weakens prosecution case; convictions unsafe if evidence uncorroborated.
28 November 2018
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause for extension of time to appeal; application dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – extension of time – sufficient cause – applicant's sickness and prosecution of other proceedings – evidentiary requirement to produce supporting documents; internal inconsistency of pleaded dates undermines credibility.
27 November 2018
Court allowed 30-day extension where an otherwise timely appeal was struck out for technical defects, permitting a fresh appeal.
Appellate procedure — extension of time under s.11(1) AJA — distinction between real delay and technical defects — striking out for improper exhibits — negligence in filing incompetent appeal does not automatically defeat extension — authorities: Fortunatus Masha; Yara Tanzania Ltd v DB Sapriya.
27 November 2018
An appeal missing the decree required by Order XXXIX r.1(1) CPC is incompetent and is struck out with costs.
Civil procedure — Appeal — Memorandum of appeal must be accompanied by a copy of the decree — Order XXXIX r.1(1), Civil Procedure Code (Cap 33 R.E.2002) — Noncompliance renders appeal incompetent — Appeal struck out with costs.
27 November 2018
The applicant's application to register arbitral awards under section 17 was granted; awards ordered registered as court decree.
Arbitration – Registration of arbitral awards under section 17 of the Arbitration Act; proof of payment of court fees; registration by Deputy Registrar to form part of court decree.
27 November 2018
Whether the applicant must plead jurisdictional facts in a specific paragraph or they may be inferred from the pleadings as a whole.
Civil procedure – Order VII Rule 1(f) CPC – requirement that plaint contain facts showing court’s jurisdiction – whether jurisdictional facts must appear in a single paragraph or may be inferred from the plaint as a whole; Commercial Division – necessity to show commercial nature of dispute.
27 November 2018
27 November 2018
Plaintiff’s challenge to registry rectification must proceed by statutory appeal (petition) under the Land Registration Act, not a fresh suit.
Land Registration Act (Cap. 334) – Section 99 (rectification) and Section 102 – statutory right of appeal to High Court for decisions/orders/acts of the Registrar; appeal by petition under s.102(3). Civil Procedure Act (Cap. 33) – Section 7(2) – limits of declaratory relief where statutory appeal mechanism exists. Procedure – jurisdictional challenge: fresh suit versus statutory appeal.
27 November 2018
Challenge to Registrar’s rectification required statutory appeal under the Land Registration Act, so the original suit was struck out with costs.
Land Registration Act — rectification of land register — appeals against decisions, orders or acts of the Registrar — mandatory appeal under section 102(1) and procedure by petition under section 102(3). Civil Procedure Act s7(2) — limits on declaratory relief where the grievance is one for appeal; discretion to grant declarations not available where appellate remedy is prescribed. Jurisdiction — original suit challenging Registrar’s rectification is improper; such matters require statutory appeal. Suit struck out for lack of jurisdiction to entertain original proceedings where appeal route is available.
27 November 2018
Conviction for gang armed robbery upheld: identification, recent possession and admissible caution statements proved guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Gang armed robbery – Visual identification in daylight; proximity, prior acquaintance and immediate arrest. Criminal procedure – Reasoned judgment – requirement to evaluate defence evidence; judgement must show consideration of all material evidence. Evidence – Recent possession doctrine and chain of custody established by seizure certificates. Evidence – Minor contradictions curable under section 388 CPA. Criminal procedure – Caution statements – compliance with sections 50 and 51(1) CPA; admissibility and timing.
26 November 2018
Advocate's negligent advice does not justify extension of time; alleged illegality must appear on the face of the record.
Matrimonial property — application for extension of time to appeal — discretion to extend time — negligence of counsel not sufficient excuse — illegality as ground for extension only if on the face of the record — duty to account for all periods of delay (Lyamuya).
26 November 2018
26 November 2018
Appellant failed to prove breach of a film-production contract; the appeal is dismissed and no costs awarded.
Contract law – breach of contract – proof on balance of probabilities – credibility of witnesses – ambiguity in contract terms – failure to complete performance due to lack of funds – remedy: appeal dismissed, no costs.
26 November 2018
Closure notice stopped new orders but did not cancel prior orders; appellant failed to prove post-closure deliveries or unpaid pre-closure invoices.
Contract — effect of notice of closure on pre-existing purchase orders; burden of proving delivery — requirement for delivery notes or receiving officers; evidential value of adverse party's documents; pleadings binding parties; assessment of oral testimony where original documents lost.
26 November 2018
Summary judgment for bank against borrower and guarantors for unpaid loan with contractual and post-judgment interest.
Commercial law – summary judgment – defendants' leave to appear and defend struck out as defective – summary judgment under Order XXXV r.2(2)(a) CPA and r.68(c) High Court (Commercial Division) Procedure Rules; guarantors' joint and several liability; contractual and penal interest; post-judgment interest; costs.
26 November 2018
26 November 2018
Extension granted: prison transfer and alleged late service/loss of notice constituted good cause to file appeal out of time.
Criminal Procedure Act s.361(2) – extension of time – "good cause" requirement. Filing Notice of Appeal – no mandatory requirement to attach judgment or proceedings to a notice. Proof of late service or loss of filed documents – contextual assessment; transfers and prison officers' handling can justify delay. Discretionary relief – court to exercise judicially and distinguish authorities on facts.
23 November 2018
Acquittal upheld where prosecution failed to prove knowledge, intent and preliminary hearing formalities were unmet.
Criminal law – PCCB Act s22 – use of documents to mislead principal – elements: knowledge of falsity and intent to mislead. Criminal procedure – CPA s192 – preliminary hearing memorandum must be read over and explained to the accused; failure bars deeming facts proved. Burden of proof – prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; evidentiary gaps and failure to call key witnesses undermine conviction. PCCB Act s31 (abuse of position) and s28(1) (embezzlement) – require proof of intentional advantage and misappropriation respectively.
23 November 2018
Court corrected a drawn order under s.96 CPC and certified a point of law on witness competence in title disputes.
Civil Procedure Code s.96 — correction of clerical/accidental slips or omissions in drawn orders; limited remedial power. Leave to appeal — correction of drawn order to reflect grant of leave to appeal. Certification of point of law — court may certify issues for the Court of Appeal where omission occurred. Evidence law — certified question on competence of an interested party who did not defend to testify about passing title without first proving own title.
23 November 2018
Second appeal dismissed as time‑barred; waiting for judgment copy and payment of fees do not excuse late filing.
Appeals — Time limit for appeals under s.25(1)(b) Magistrate’s Court Act — Appeals originating from Primary Courts — Waiting for copy of judgment does not extend or suspend the 30‑day appeal period — Payment for copies not good cause for delay.
23 November 2018
An applicant's leave-to-defend in a mortgage summary suit is incompetent if it cites the wrong enabling provision.
Civil procedure – Summary suit arising from mortgage – Leave to appear and defend must be sought under Order XXXV rule 3(1)(c) (Mortgage Financing (Special Provisions) Act 2008). Civil procedure – Competence – Wrong citation of enabling provision renders application incompetent (court not properly moved). Civil procedure – Affidavit requirements – Objection that supporting affidavit contains matters not within deponent's personal knowledge (Order XIX r.3(1)) raised but not decided.
23 November 2018
Court allowed amendment of a technically defective bill and taxed costs at Tshs. 26,577,840.25, reducing excessive instruction fees.
Taxation – Bill of costs – Compliance with Order 55 of Advocates Remuneration Order 2015 – procedural non-compliance curable where no prejudice shown; Costs – Instruction fees – application of scale and reduction where matter did not proceed to full trial; Attendance fees – allowance at modest fixed sums where hours not specified; Disbursements – court fees taxed as presented.
23 November 2018
Failure to produce the statutory certificate of seizure and establish chain of custody vitiated the prosecution's case; convictions quashed.
Wildlife offences – unlawful entry and possession of government trophies; evidential foundation and chain of custody – requirement for statutory certificate of seizure (s.22(3)(ii), Economic and Organised Crime Control Act); failure to label/tender exhibits and establish custody vitiates prosecution case; burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt.
23 November 2018
An application was struck out for being incompetent due to imprecise citation of the enabling statutory provision.
Civil procedure — Probate and administration — Application for revocation of letters of administration — Wrong citation of enabling statutory provision (Section 49) renders application incompetent — Defective affidavit issue unnecessary where primary defect fatal — Application struck out.
23 November 2018
Application for extension of time struck out for procedural defects; leave granted to refile within seven days.
Civil procedure – appeal – extension of time – requirement to lodge a Notice of Appeal before applying for leave. Probate – non-joinder – Administrator General’s role and necessity of joining proper parties in probate-related applications. Procedural defects – striking out defective applications; leave to refile; costs.
23 November 2018
Citation of a non-existent statutory edition is a curable error; applicant ordered to rectify summons within seven days.
Procedure — Preliminary objection — Wrong or non-existent statutory citation — Whether citation error renders application incompetent or curable — Amendment/rectification of chamber summons allowed — No order as to costs.
23 November 2018
A court lacking jurisdiction to determine land ownership renders its proceedings, judgment and decree a nullity.
Jurisdiction – land disputes – ownership and disposition of land fall within forum established by Land Act and Land Disputes Courts Act (Cap 216 R.E.2002); proceedings by a court lacking jurisdiction are nullities.
23 November 2018
Application for letters of administration struck out due to materially inconsistent affidavit undermining applicant's entitlement.
Probate and administration – application for letters of administration – applicant’s identity and relationship to deceased – material inconsistencies in affidavit – affidavit as substitute for oral evidence – credibility and entitlement to administration.
23 November 2018
23 November 2018
Application for extension of time to seek leave to appeal dismissed as applicants’ delay was not adequately explained.
Civil procedure — extension of time to apply for leave to appeal — explanation for delay — awaiting copies of judgment — filing for copies made out of statutory time — insufficient excuse. Amendment to s.47(1) LCDA — retrospective effect contested but not determined by trial court.
22 November 2018
Typographical mis‑titling of a ruling and variance with the drawn order rendered the appeal incompetent; appeal struck out.
Civil procedure – defective form of judgment/ruling – typographical error in court title – correction under sections 95 and 96 CPC – variance between ruling and drawn order – appeal incompetence – striking out of appeal.
22 November 2018
The applicant's contractual claim was time‑barred; liquidation appointment excluded time but the suit remained filed out of time.
Limitation of actions – Law of Limitation Act (Cap 89) – s3 and s22 – accrual of cause of action for contract claims – liquidation appointment as stay of proceedings excluding period from computation – preliminary objection as pure point of law.
22 November 2018
Applicant wrongly sought extension of time under the Law of Limitation Act instead of the Land Disputes Courts Act; application struck out.
Civil procedure — Extension of time to appeal — Whether Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) may be used to extend time to appeal decisions of the District Land and Housing Tribunal; Statutory interpretation — Where a specific statute (Land Disputes Courts Act s.41(2) as amended) provides for extension of time, general limitation provisions do not independently confer the same relief; Preliminary objection — Competency of proceedings and striking out incompetent applications.
21 November 2018