High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
200 judgments

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200 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
May 2018
A plaintiff cannot seek sole ownership of land held in tenancy in common without joining or authorisation of the co-owner.
Civil Procedure – Verification clause – Order VI r.15(2) CPC – omission to disclose source of information is not fatal and is amendable. Land law – Tenancy in common – Co-owner’s undivided interest cannot be declared transferred or vested in a single co-owner without joinder or authority; consent required by s.159(6) Land Act. Limitation – Recovery of land governed by item 20, Part I, Law of Limitation Act; claim not time-barred as pleaded. Abuse of process – Seeking sole ownership over land held in common by one co-owner amounts to abuse of court process.
24 May 2018
Appeal improperly filed directly to High Court in breach of s.80(2)/r.37(1); appeal struck out with costs.
Family law – Appeals – Law of Marriage Act s.80(2) – Appeal to High Court must be filed in subordinate court first. Procedural law – Law of Marriage (Matrimonial Proceedings) Rules GN No.246/1997 r.37(1) – memorandum of appeal to be filed in subordinate court. Non-compliance with statutory filing requirement is jurisdictional and fatal to the appeal. Matrimonial proceedings – division of assets, custody and maintenance (substantive complaints not reached due to procedural defect).
24 May 2018
The applicant’s tort claim is not res subjudice to respondent’s prior contract claim; objection dismissed.
Civil procedure – Res subjudice doctrine – Section 8 Civil Procedure Code – requirement that matter in issue be directly and substantially the same in a previously instituted suit between same parties. Distinction between causes of action – tort (conversion, negligence, fraud) versus contract (breach of loan/overdraft terms). Preliminary objection – competence and effect where alleged res subjudice exists; stay versus dismissal. Costs – unsuccessful preliminary objection results in costs following the event.
24 May 2018
District Court lacked statutory jurisdiction to try economic offences; convictions quashed and retrial ordered.
Criminal procedure – Jurisdiction – Economic offences under the Economic and Organized Crime Control Act – Subordinate courts require DPP’s certificate and consent to assume jurisdiction. Trial irregularity – Lack of jurisdiction renders proceedings a nullity. Retrial – Discretion to order retrial where custody period short and no risk of prejudice.
24 May 2018
Applicant's application to set aside dismissal granted where non-receipt of hearing notice constituted good cause.
Civil Procedure — Order IX Rule 4 CPC — setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution — "good cause" — non-receipt of notice of hearing — probate proceedings — restoration of suit.
24 May 2018
Failure to endorse the DPP's consent certificate in the trial record renders proceedings a nullity and warrants retrial.
Criminal law – possession of government trophies (elephant tusks) – Wildlife Conservation Act offences. Procedural compliance – requirement for DPP certificate of consent under the Economic and Organised Crime Control Act to be endorsed and form part of trial proceedings. Non-compliance renders proceedings a nullity – retrial ordered.
23 May 2018
Trial proceedings quashed where the DPP's consent certificate was not endorsed into the record, necessitating retrial.
Criminal procedure – Requirement that DPP’s certificate/consent be endorsed and form part of the proceedings – Failure to endorse renders proceedings a nullity. Evidence/procedure – Oral reading of a certificate does not substitute for endorsement into record. Remedy – Quash proceedings and order retrial where DPP certificate not properly included.
23 May 2018
Certificate for appeal refused for lack of a legal point and failure to lodge the required Notice of Appeal.
Land procedure – certification of point of law under s.47(2) LDCA and Court of Appeal Rules – factual/evidential complaints are not points of law; DLHT’s reception of additional evidence and locus visit in revisionary proceedings is a fatal irregularity; requirement to lodge Notice of Appeal before applying for certificate (Rule 46(1)).
23 May 2018
Appeal struck out as time-barred; extension of time under the Limitation Act requires a formal application.
Civil procedure — Limitation of actions — Appeals — Law of Limitation Act — 90-day appeal period; section 19(2) exclusion for obtaining judgment/decree; section 14(1) discretionary enlargement of time — enlargement requires proper application and cannot be assumed suo motu.
23 May 2018
Final arbitral award registered and enforced where no timely, served challenge was filed; late unserved objection rejected.
Arbitration Act s.17 – registration of final arbitral award – award made enforceable as court decree when no timely challenge filed Civil procedure – preliminary objection – requirement of filing and service on opposing counsel Limitation – objections to awards are time‑bound; late objections may be barred Enforcement – costs awarded to successful party where award registered and unopposed
23 May 2018
22 May 2018
Court stayed proceedings under s6 Arbitration Act for disputes covered by arbitration clause but ordered petitioner to pay costs.
Arbitration Act (s6) – stay of proceedings – existence and scope of submission to arbitrate – readiness and willingness to arbitrate – forum selection (foreign seat) – discretion of court to grant stay – costs for belated invocation of arbitration.
22 May 2018
An appeal one day late was struck out where no application for extension of time or exclusion of delay was made.
Limitation of actions – computation of time – Law of Limitation Act Part II Item 1 (90 days) – appeal filed one day late. Limitation – exclusion under section 19(2) for time to obtain copies of judgment/decree – exclusion must be invoked, not assumed. Extension of time – section 14(1) – court may enlarge time for reasonable or sufficient cause but relief requires a formal application. Procedural – court raising limitation suo moto; appeal struck out for being time‑barred; no costs ordered.
22 May 2018
Applicant failed to show good cause or diligence to warrant extension of time for judicial review application.
Limitation of actions – extension of time under section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act – requirements of Lyamuya: account for delay, inordinate delay, diligence – communication of administrative decision – judicial review (certiorari and mandamus).
22 May 2018
Written explanations and an appeal hearing satisfied fair hearing; judicial review of the university’s disciplinary decision was refused.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Certiorari/Prohibition/Mandamus – whether disciplinary decision involved procedural irregularity warranting judicial interference. Natural justice – Right to be heard – adequacy of written statements, oral hearing before Dean and appeal committee. Education/discipline – University disciplinary procedures – duties of Faculty Board, Senate and Examination Appeal Committee. Evidence – sufficiency of correspondence and representation to show knowledge of charge.
22 May 2018
Primary court lacked jurisdiction to entertain a bill of costs from a labour dispute already finalized at the CMA.
Labour law — jurisdiction — whether primary courts may hear matters originating from CMA after finalization by CMA (Form No.21). Labour law — finality of CMA mediated settlement and bar to further claims. Costs — claim for costs at primary court where CMA did not award costs is improper. Civil procedure — revision — duty of District Court to correct jurisdictional irregularities.
22 May 2018
Non‑compliance with s.214(1) CPA and insufficient evidence that the applicant solicited or received a bribe led to quashed conviction.
Criminal law – Corruption/offence of soliciting and receiving bribe – adequacy of evidence; trap operations and corroboration. Criminal Procedure Act, s.214(1) – change of magistrate during trial; need to record reasons and address accused about re‑summoning witnesses. Criminal Procedure Act, s.214(2) – remedy for non‑compliance: quashing conviction or ordering retrial where accused materially prejudiced.
21 May 2018
21 May 2018
Delay in delivering a judgment to a detained lay applicant can constitute good cause for extension to file notice of appeal.
Criminal procedure – Extension of time to file notice of appeal – Good cause required – Inordinate delay in supplying judgment to a detained lay person may constitute good cause.
21 May 2018
Injunction application dismissed for failure to establish a triable issue or evidence of an imminent sale, no costs ordered.
Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – Requirements from Attilio v Mbowe: triable issue, irreparable injury, balance of convenience – Alleged auction by auctioneer for unnamed principal – Failure to prove imminent sale – Application dismissed.
18 May 2018
Whether the High Court had jurisdiction and whether the plaint disclosed a cause of action; court overruled jurisdiction objection but rejected the plaint.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – pecuniary jurisdiction of High Court versus District Land and Housing Tribunal; Cause of action – meaning and requirement that pleadings disclose violation of a legal right; Mortgage law – mortgagor/mortgagee relationship and powers of mortgagee under Land Act; Rejection of plaint under Order VII r.11(a) where no triable cause is disclosed.
18 May 2018
Failure to serve the statutory 30‑day notice on the Local Government Authority renders the suit incompetent and it is struck out.
Local Government Act s190 — mandatory 30‑day notice to authority before suit; service on chief executive valid only if notice is directed to authority and received on its behalf; failure to serve the authority where it is a distinct party renders suit incompetent and liable to be struck out.
18 May 2018
Serving the authority’s executive who is separately sued does not satisfy the statutory 30‑day notice to the local authority.
Local Government (District Authorities) Act – section 190 – statutory 30‑day notice requirement before suing a local authority. Service – section 192(1) – delivery to chief executive officer suffices only when notice is addressed to the authority and received on its behalf. Parties – distinction between serving the authority and serving its chief executive where both are defendants. Preliminary objections – procedural competence and compliance with statutory pre‑suit notice.
18 May 2018
A claimant cannot sue over a deceased's land without letters of administration; suit is a nullity without locus standi.
Land law — inheritance and ownership disputes — plaintiff suing on deceased's estate must obtain letters of administration — lack of letters renders suit a nullity; evidential inconsistencies affect credibility.
18 May 2018
An equivocal guilty plea and missing material evidence led to quashing of conviction and remittal for full trial.
Criminal law — Plea of guilty — Unequivocal plea required for conviction — Section 360(1) CPA and exceptions — Ambiguous/factual inconsistencies and non-production of confessional statement or seized drugs vitiate conviction — Remittal for full trial.
18 May 2018
Failure to comply with Rule 3 affidavit requirement deprives Advocates Committee of jurisdiction and vitiates its disciplinary proceedings.
Advocates Committee jurisdiction; Rule 3 Advocates (Disciplinary and other Proceedings) Rules; procedural compliance; non-compliance vitiates proceedings; disciplinary suspension quashed.
18 May 2018
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause for extension; application dismissed and costs awarded to respondent.
Civil procedure – Application for extension of time to apply for certification on points of law – requirement to show sufficient cause – delay alleged to result from awaiting copy of ruling – supporting documents must be consistent with timeline; otherwise explanation fails.
18 May 2018
Applicant granted leave to seek certiorari over football ethics decisions alleging breaches of natural justice and procedural illegality; stay refused.
Administrative law – judicial review – leave to apply for prerogative orders (certiorari) – leave is a screening exercise under GN No. 324 of 2014 (Rule 5). Natural justice – alleged denial of fair hearing, inadequate notice, insufficient time to prepare, and apparent bias. Jurisdiction/legality – failure to conduct required preliminary investigation and procedural irregularities in disciplinary proceedings. Relief – leave to apply for certiorari granted; interim stay refused at leave stage.
18 May 2018
Court finds Bukoba lacks jurisdiction over suit for immovable property in Mwanza and orders plaint returned for filing at Mwanza registry.
Civil procedure — Jurisdiction — Territorial jurisdiction for suits concerning immovable property — Section 14 CPC mandates suit be instituted where property situate — Section 18 CPC subject to section 14 — Court of Appeal order returning record does not confer jurisdiction — Parties’ consent cannot cure lack of statutory jurisdiction — Remedy: return plaint for filing at proper registry (section 95 CPC).
18 May 2018
Respondent’s uninterrupted occupation since 1977 vested title by adverse possession; appeal dismissed and lower judgments upheld.
Land law – Adverse possession and limitation – 12‑year statutory period – Long uninterrupted occupation since 1977 – burden of proof and credibility of witnesses – failure to call key witnesses and to prove allocation – invitee status does not negate limitation.
18 May 2018
Appeal against DLHT strike‑out for lack of letters of administration is premature and barred as interlocutory under Regulation 22.
Land law – locus standi – letters of administration required to sue or be sued on behalf of a deceased estate (Magistrates' Courts Act, 5th Schedule Part II). Civil procedure – interlocutory orders – proviso to Regulation 22 GN No. 174/2003 bars appeal from preliminary rulings not finally deciding the case. Relief – striking out vs amendment where plaintiff lacks legal capacity to represent estate; permission to re‑institute after administration letters obtained.
18 May 2018
Court grants extension to file bill of costs, accepting sickness as sufficient cause and medical chit as credible evidence.
Extension of time – sufficient cause – sickness supported by medical chit; Limitation – 60 days for filing bill of costs under Law of Limitation Act; Evidence – burden to prove forgery under s.110 Evidence Act; Procedural irregularities – typographical errors not vitiating judgment.
18 May 2018
The accused convicted of murder; extra‑judicial confession corroborated by independent evidence and sentenced to death.
Criminal law – Murder – Malice aforethought established by post-mortem (penetrating skull wounds and severe hemorrhage). Evidence – Extra-judicial confession – voluntariness and admissibility; co-accused confessions require independent corroboration under s.33 Evidence Act. Identification – identification parade and witness sightings corroborating involvement of accused. Allegations of police coercion – credibility assessed and rejected as insufficient to create reasonable doubt.
18 May 2018
Acquittal where circumstantial evidence and a repudiated confession lacked voluntariness and independent corroboration.
Criminal law – Murder – Circumstantial evidence – Requirement that such evidence be incapable of more than one explanation – Repudiated caution statement – Voluntariness and requirement for independent corroboration – Conviction cannot rest on mere suspicion or uncorroborated retracted confession.
18 May 2018
Prosecution failed to prove murder beyond reasonable doubt due to weak identification, equivocal caution statement and gaps in circumstantial proof.
Criminal law – Murder – Identification evidence – Credibility and limits of eyewitness testimony – Circumstantial evidence – Requirement of an unbroken chain – Caution statement and confession – Adverse inference for non‑called material witness – Hearsay inadmissibility.
18 May 2018
The respondent's attempt to set aside a non‑exparte judgment and a judgment written by a magistrate who had not heard the case was invalid; retrial ordered.
Civil procedure — functus officio — setting aside ex parte judgment — re-assignment of partly heard matter — requirement to record reasons for reassignment — Order XX r.3 CPC supervision of judgment writing — invalid proceedings — retrial ordered.
18 May 2018
Reported
Applicant’s franchise existed by conduct until 30 June 2009; specific damages unproven; second respondent awarded Tshs30,000,000.
Contract law – validity by conduct and extension letters; Public procurement/tender timing and defects; Specific damages — strict proof required; Municipal by-laws govern recovery of refuse charges; Counterclaim proved ex parte — partial compensation awarded.
18 May 2018
Minor clerical errors in appellate judgment were non‑prejudicial; sale agreements doubted and appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – validity of sale agreements – vendor’s mental capacity; appellate review of ward tribunal findings; probative value of medical/RCO reports; documentary anomalies and adverse inference for failure to call key witness (VEO).
18 May 2018
District Court lacked jurisdiction to try the economic wildlife offence without transfer certificate and DPP consent; retrial ordered.
Criminal law – Wildlife offences – unlawful possession of government trophies (elephant tusks). Jurisdiction – Economic and Organized Crime Control Act – High Court jurisdiction over economic offences; requirement of certificate of transfer and DPP's consent for subordinate courts. Relief – proceedings and conviction obtained without jurisdiction are nullities and liable to be quashed. Retrial – application of Fatehali Manki principles; retrial ordered where custody/delay not prejudicial.
17 May 2018
Court granted leave to appeal under s.5(1)(c) AJA where applicants alleged they had been condemned unheard; costs each to bear.
Appellate procedure – leave to appeal under section 5(1)(c) of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act – grant of leave where applicants allege they were condemned unheard – effect of respondent’s non-opposition.
17 May 2018
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause for a 76-day delay; extension of time to appeal refused.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Application under s.14(1) Law of Limitation Act – Requirement to show sufficient cause and to account for each day of delay; mere assertion of travel without particulars is inadequate.
17 May 2018
Court upheld that the village house was matrimonial and dismissed the appellant’s challenge to the asset division.
Matrimonial property – determination whether a disputed house is matrimonial – evidence of renovation and supervision as contribution. Division of matrimonial assets – application of s.114(2) Law of Marriage Act 1971 – regard to monetary and non-monetary contributions. Evidence – failure to call material witness (stepmother) permits adverse inference. Appeal – appellate court’s assessment of facts and evidence upheld.
17 May 2018
Relocation was an implied condition for construction; plaintiff's refusal caused delay, barring his claim for lost rental income.
Contract law – joint venture; implied terms – relocation as condition for continuation of construction; burden of proof – proving notices and tenancy accounts; failure to call material witness – adverse inference; remedies – specific performance-type orders and no general damages.
17 May 2018
Plaintiff's refusal to vacate was a breach; court ordered relocation, completion and a management agreement; damages dismissed.
Contract law — Joint Venture Agreement — interpretation of written terms and Addendum; implied terms and condition precedent — relocation as nexus for continuation of construction; evidential burden and proof of notices; failure to prepare Property Management Agreement; dismissal of claimed specific damages for lack of proof.
17 May 2018
Court stayed execution pending appeal due to risk that estate distribution would make restitution impossible if appeal succeeds.
Civil Procedure – Stay of execution – Order XXXIX r.5(1) and (4) CPC – Granting stay pending appeal where decree amount is substantial and execution risks irreparable loss. Executors/administrators – Risk of distribution of decretal proceeds to estate beneficiaries who are not parties – potential inability to recover funds if appeal succeeds. Procedure – Ex parte hearing where respondent duly served but fails to oppose.
16 May 2018
16 May 2018
A valid DPP certificate under section 36(2) EOCCA bars bail unless bad faith or abuse of process is proven.
Criminal procedure – Bail – Effect of DPP certificate under section 36(2) EOCCA – Valid certificate bars trial court granting bail; DPP not required to give reasons; certificate only invalid if bad faith or abuse of process proved; consideration of Court of Appeal authorities on pari materia argument.
16 May 2018
Application for extension to file a notice of appeal struck out as premature for inadequate affidavit and wrong statutory citation.
Criminal procedure – extension of time to file notice of appeal – appeal without copy of judgment – premature application – inadequate affidavit and failure to attach proof of request for judgment – incorrect citation of statutory provision – application struck out.
16 May 2018
Conviction on a charge citing a non‑existent Penal Code provision is void; appellant ordered released.
Criminal procedure – Charge sheet – statement of offence must reference the section creating the offence (s.135 CPA). Criminal procedure – Defective charge – citation of non‑existent Penal Code provision is fatal and incurable (not saved by s.388 CPA). Plea of guilty entered on a defective charge – conviction void; proceedings a nullity. Remedy – quashing of trial and first appellate proceedings; retrial not ordered where charge is non‑existent; release from custody.
16 May 2018
Conviction for possession of forged notes quashed where prosecution relied on rumours, hearsay and failed to call forensic examiner.
Criminal law – possession of forged currency – sufficiency of evidence – reliance on hearsay and rumours insufficient to convict – failure to call forensic/expert examiner and absence of seizure certificate weakens prosecution case – conviction quashed; sentence set aside.
16 May 2018