High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
1,906 judgments

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1,906 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2018
Court granted applicant extension to file notice of appeal due to technical delay while pursuing Court of Appeal.
Civil procedure — Extension of time to file notice of appeal — Section 11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act — Technical delay caused by prior proceedings at Court of Appeal — Discretion exercised where delay satisfactorily explained and application unopposed.
9 October 2018
Dismissal of a partly heard land suit for applicant’s absence was unlawful; tribunal should have closed absent party’s case and proceeded.
Land disputes — Dismissal for non-appearance; Partly heard proceedings — closure of absent party’s case and proceeding in absence; Regulation 11(1) GN.174/2003 — applicability at commencement of hearing; Revisionary powers — section 43 Land Disputes Courts Act; Procedural fairness — right to be heard in partly heard matters.
9 October 2018
Conviction based on unsafe night identification and an improperly admitted cautioned statement was quashed and sentence set aside.
Criminal law – Visual identification at night – need for evidence on intensity, duration, area illuminated, descriptive particulars and earliest naming of suspect. Criminal procedure – Cautioned statements – requirement to test admissibility/voluntariness (trial-within-trial) before admission; improper admission to be expunged. Appellate review – conviction unsafe where identification and confession evidence are defective.
8 October 2018
Applicant granted bail in an economic crime case subject to statutory sureties, property security and travel restrictions.
Bail — Economic and organized crime — Application for bail pending trial — Conditions under section 36(5) Economic and Organized Crime Control Act (as amended). Sureties and security — two reliable sureties, bond amounts, immovable property title deed as security. Travel restriction — surrender of travel documents and regional movement limitation. Prosecutorial non-opposition — effect on court’s exercise of discretion.
8 October 2018
Application struck out because the jurat failed to show whether the commissioner knew or was shown the deponent and when oath was taken.
Civil procedure — Affidavit jurat — Commissioner for oaths must state whether he knew or was shown the deponent and when oath was administered — Failure renders affidavit fatally defective — Defective affidavit renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out.
8 October 2018
Revision dismissed; District Court correctly dismissed late appeal for being time-barred, application lacked merit.
Civil procedure — Appeal time-limits — Appeal filed out of time without notice or application for extension — Jurisdiction — Dismissal for being time-barred. Revision — Not a substitute for appeal — No grounds to interfere where appeal is time-barred.
8 October 2018
Illness and delay in obtaining judgment copies constituted sufficient cause to enlarge time to file an appeal.
Extension of time — Sufficient cause — Delay caused by illness and late supply of judgment copies — Misunderstanding by relative — Extension granted.
7 October 2018
Applicant failed to account for each day of delay; extension of time to appeal was refused and application dismissed with costs.
Limitation of actions – extension of time under section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act – requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay – admissibility of medical evidence where unsworn/uncertified.
5 October 2018
Ward Tribunal decision rendered a nullity because its secretary participated and signed the judgment; matter remitted for fresh trial.
Land law – Ward Tribunal procedures – locus in quo inspections and role of village elders in demarcation; Administrative law – requirement for reasons in Tribunal judgments; Property law – adverse possession raised on appeal; Jurisdiction – pecuniary limits of Ward Tribunal; Procedural law – illegality and nullity where Ward Tribunal secretary participates/signs decision; Remedies – revisional powers under s.43(2) Land Disputes Courts Act; order for retrial.
5 October 2018
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to extend time for appeal; hospital proof and diligence were inadequate.
Extension of time — discretion and requirement of sufficient cause — evidence needed to prove hospitalization (admission/discharge records vs NHIF claim form) — applicant’s diligence and unexplained delay between judgment and alleged hospitalization.
5 October 2018
Appeal dismissed: Ward Tribunal’s ex‑parte proceedings valid because the applicant was served and waived the right to be heard.
Land law – Ward Tribunal procedure – effect of defective or inconsistent summons – service held effective where recipient aware of proceedings. Civil procedure – ex‑parte proceedings – non‑appearance as waiver of right to be heard; no breach of natural justice if properly served. Evidence – Ward Tribunal assessors not required to cross‑examine witnesses. Tribunal composition – gender balance not mandatory for quorum in ordinary Ward Tribunal proceedings. Precedent – Hemedi Said v Mohamed Mbilu applied on weighing evidence when one party defaults.
5 October 2018
High Court dismisses appeal as time-barred under section 38(1) LDC Act; no extension of time sought.
Land law – Appeals – Time limits – Appeal to High Court from District Land and Housing Tribunal – Section 38(1) Land Disputes Courts Act Cap 216 RE 2002 – 60-day filing period – Extension of time – Inadequate explanation for delay – Appeal incompetent and dismissed with costs.
4 October 2018
A representative suit filed without prior leave is premature and should be struck out rather than withdrawn.
Civil procedure – Representative suit – Requirement of prior leave to sue in a representative capacity – Filing without leave renders plaint premature and improper; remedy is striking out. Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – Withdrawal after objection raised cannot be used to pre-empt the objection.
4 October 2018
Doctrine of recent possession and police property records upheld conviction for stealing despite missing seizure certificate.
Criminal law – Theft/stealing – Application of doctrine of recent possession – when possession plus lack of explanation permits inference of guilt. Evidence – Identification of property by owner (chassis, engine, registration) and documentary proof (registration, sale agreement, police PF63). Evidence – Chain of custody and admissibility of exhibits – absence of formal certificate of seizure not necessarily fatal where police property records corroborate possession.
4 October 2018
4 October 2018
The court held the land claim was not time‑barred: the right of action accrued in 2010, so the 12‑year limitation did not apply.
Land law – limitation period to recover land – Item 22, First Schedule, Law of Limitation Act (12 years) – accrual of cause of action under s.9(2) – dispossession/discontinuance – adverse possession vs invitee – concurrent findings of fact – Ward Tribunal pecuniary jurisdiction (pleadings and burden).
4 October 2018
Night-time visual identification without details of lighting and a delayed, unexplained weapon seizure made the conviction unsafe.
Criminal law – Visual identification at night; conditions for safe identification (light source, intensity, distance, duration, sobriety, traumatic surprise) – Admissibility of exhibits – seizure delay and chain of custody – Proof beyond reasonable doubt – Evaluation of defence evidence.
4 October 2018
A petition to set aside an arbitral award was struck out for failure to annex certified copies as required by Rule 8.
Arbitration Act – setting aside award – mandatory compliance with Rule 8 (certified copies) – non‑compliance renders petition incompetent; Alleged arbitrator bias/conflict – requirement to disclose past/present relationships; court’s limited review under section 16 – errors of fact/law usually not grounds for setting aside.
3 October 2018
3 October 2018
3 October 2018
Failure to cite the specific sub-rule (Rule 32(3)) rendered the application incompetent and it was struck out with costs.
Commercial procedure – citation of statutory provisions – Rule 32(3) of the High Court (Commercial Division) Procedure Rules – wrong or non-citation of the relevant sub-rule renders application incompetent; jurisdictional defect not mere technicality.
3 October 2018
Appellant proved cost of drawings/BOQ only; no binding contract shown for broader construction claim.
Contract formation — documentary evidence — introductory letter versus binding contract; meeting minutes and BOQ — proof on balance of probabilities; entitlement to compensation for preparation of professional documents; locus visit discretionary and not ordered.
3 October 2018
District Court's revisional order was perverse; High Court quashed it and restored Primary Court's decision.
Civil procedure – revision under s.22(1) Magistrates' Courts Act – limits of revisional jurisdiction; execution/objection proceedings – identity of judgment debtor; proper remedy is a suit to determine ownership; High Court inherent/revisional powers to spare defective proceedings.
3 October 2018
Court held monthly instalments not of essence; full payment within five months satisfied settlement, oblige respondent to discharge mortgages.
Contract/consent decree – interpretation of time stipulations – when time is 'of the essence' in instalment payments under a settlement deed. Default clauses – effect of creditor's conduct (waiver/extensions) on right to enforce default. Enforcement/remedies – satisfaction of judgment and duty to discharge mortgages and surrender title deeds upon full payment.
3 October 2018
Appellant's unproven possession claim failed; respondent's registered purchase conferred right to vacant possession.
Land dispute — proof of title and possession — village ledger and land office map as evidentiary basis for ownership; identification by block/plot numbers; appellate confirmation of vacant possession.
2 October 2018
2 October 2018
A review application filed five days after the 30‑day limit is time‑barred and dismissed without costs.
Limitation law – review applications – 30‑day filing requirement under Law of Limitations Act Cap 89 RE 2002; application filed five days late – time‑barred and dismissed; competency raised suo motu; no costs where court raises issue.
2 October 2018
September 2018
Illness supported by medical evidence constituted sufficient cause to grant extension of time; leave and certification prayers were struck out.
Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.11(1) – extension of time to give notice or to apply for leave – sufficiency of cause. Distinction between extension of time and statutory requirements for leave to appeal and certification on points of law (s.5). Medical illness as cause for delay – proof by sick sheet and assessment of unexplained residual delay. Discretionary exercise in favour of lay litigant who demonstrated intention to pursue appeal.
29 September 2018
28 September 2018
Rape conviction quashed where child testimony and prosecution evidence were contradictory, tutored and unreliable.
Criminal law – Rape – Child complainant credibility – Contradictions and tutoring of witnesses – Delay in arrest and medical examination – Requirement that judgment show application of mind – Unsafe conviction quashed.
28 September 2018
Where the trial record is lost and reconstruction is impossible after long delay, conviction may be quashed and release ordered.
Criminal procedure – Missing trial record – Remedies: reconstruct record, order retrial, or quash conviction – Reconstruction impossible after long lapse – Conviction quashed and immediate release ordered.
28 September 2018
Unsigned witness record and defective prosecutorial consent rendered convictions unsafe, resulting in quashed convictions and release of appellants.
• Criminal procedure – section 210 CPA – mandatory signature on recorded evidence; unsigned witness evidence is invalid. • Evidence – cautioned/confession statements: admissibility and effect where accused fails to cross-examine; need to evaluate whole evidence including defence. • Procedural law – Economic and Organized Crime Control Act (cap. 200) s.29 & s.12(3) – prosecutorial consent must follow statutory procedure and be specific; omnibus consent is defective. • Evidence continuity – exhibits/valuation certificates must correspond to particulars of charge.
28 September 2018
Wrong statutory citation rendered the extension application incompetent, divesting the District Court of jurisdiction and voiding its ruling.
Civil procedure – appeals from Primary Court – application for extension of time – wrong citation of statutory provisions renders application incompetent and divests District Court of jurisdiction; proper provision is Section 20(4)(a) of the Magistrates' Court Act (CAP.11). Revisionary powers – Section 30(1)(a) and (c) of CAP.11 – nullity and quashing of proceedings and ruling.
28 September 2018
Wrong statutory citation rendered the extension application incompetent and the District Court's decision invalid.
Civil procedure — Extension of time to appeal — Appeals from Primary Court — Competence of application; Law of Limitation Act and Civil Procedure Code not applicable to Primary Court appeals; Magistrates' Courts Act s.20(4)(a) empowers District Court to extend time; wrong citation of statute may render application incompetent and deprive court of jurisdiction.
28 September 2018
Extension of time granted where applicant adequately explained delay in obtaining judgment and accounted for days of delay.
Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – extension of time to institute appeal – requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay. Civil procedure – extension of time – evidentiary value of correspondence with court officers in explaining delay. Application of principle in Samson Kishosha Gabba v Charles Kingongo Gabba and requirement to account for delay (Bushiri).
28 September 2018
Injunction refused for lack of particulars of irreparable harm and claim against non-party bank held incompetent.
Commercial law – interim injunctions – application of AtiIio v Mbowe test (serious question, irreparable harm, balance of convenience). Construction contracts – dispute over lawful termination and arbitration clause. Banking law – advance payment/first-demand guarantee – bank honored unconditional guarantee; recall sought against non-party. Civil procedure – competence of seeking relief against a non-party and appropriateness of invoked provisions.
28 September 2018
An earlier acquittal bars retrial on the same facts; conviction quashed and refund ordered.
Criminal law – autrefois acquittal (double jeopardy) – s.137 Criminal Procedure Act – prior acquittal bars retrial on same facts. Offences – theft (s.258) and stealing by agent (s.273(b)) – cognate/ substantially the same for purposes of double jeopardy. Procedure – conviction obtained after prior acquittal is unmaintainable; proceedings liable to be quashed and payments refunded.
28 September 2018
Extension of time to appeal refused where applicant failed to account for each day of delay and prove late receipt of decree.
Land law — Extension of time to appeal — Duty to account for each day of delay — Late supply of decree insufficient without particulars of request and receipt — Application dismissed with costs.
27 September 2018
Court extended time to file appeal for thirty days despite Section 19(2) making the application technically unnecessary.
Limitation law – Section 19(2) Law of Limitation Act – necessity of application for extension; Extension of time – court’s discretion to grant extension despite technical inapplicability; Procedure – fixed thirty-day period to file appeal; Costs – applicant’s application costs to form part of appeal costs; Access to justice – suggestion of pro bono assistance by Tanganyika Law Society.
27 September 2018
Unpleaded illness and unexplained delay in obtaining records do not justify extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Application under Rule 10 CA Rules and s.11 AJA – need for sufficient grounds and credible evidence. Affidavit evidence – material facts must be contained in supporting affidavit; oral afterthoughts not permitted. Proof of illness – documentary evidence required where illness is relied on to justify delay. Delay in obtaining court records – applicant must specify when copy was requested; unexplained delay may be attributable to applicant. Judicial discretion – extensions not open-ended; courts must prevent endless litigation.
27 September 2018
Appeal against custody, maintenance and asset division dismissed; house ownership is a land court issue, appellant failed to prove entitlement.
Family law – custody – best interests of the child; Matrimonial property – division – contribution; Land ownership – dispute involving third party – jurisdiction of Land Court; Untendered title deed and right to be heard of registered owner; Proof and disclosure of bank accounts and company shares; Maintenance – entitlement and burden of proof.
27 September 2018
An appeal filed beyond the statutory 30-day period without extension is incompetent and is struck out.
Appeal procedure – time limits for appeals to High Court from District Court under s.25(1)(b) Magistrates’ Courts Act; necessity of application or court order to extend time; incompetence of time-barred appeal; effect of non-prosecution by appellant.
26 September 2018
Court overruled defendant's jurisdictional objection, finding provability of claimed damages is a matter for trial and not a preliminary bar.
Civil procedure – Preliminary objection on jurisdiction – Pecuniary jurisdiction – Distinction between specific and general damages – Whether demonstrability/provability of claimed specific damages is a preliminary matter or for trial – Overruling of jurisdictional objection where claimed amounts are measurable.
26 September 2018
Proceedings conducted by an advocate without a valid practicing certificate are nullified and dismissed with costs.
Advocates Act (Cap 342) – requirement of practicing certificate; unqualified person; prohibition on acting as advocate or agent; nullity of proceedings conducted by unqualified person; contempt and disciplinary/criminal liability; costs ordered against plaintiff and unqualified representative.
26 September 2018
Appeal dismissed: identification by known witnesses and lack of a properly pleaded/corroborated alibi sustained conviction.
Criminal law – assault causing bodily harm – identification evidence by known witnesses – alibi procedure and requirements under s.194(4)-(6) CPA – credibility and corroboration by medical evidence – alias and identity issues.
26 September 2018
Appeal allowed: defective, duplicative charge and weak identification evidence rendered the appellant's conviction unsafe.
Criminal law – Defective/duplicative charge – Lumping statutory rape (s.130) and gang rape (s.131A) in one count; Particulars of offence – requirement to state victim's age where statutory rape alleged; Identification evidence – insufficiency where assailants masked and identification unexplained; Fair trial – procedural anomalies and prejudice; Conviction unsafe where co-accused acquitted for alleged joint offence.
26 September 2018
Certain paragraphs of the respondent's Counter Affidavit were struck out for being argumentative and not based on personal knowledge.
Civil procedure – affidavits – Counter Affidavit must state facts within deponent's personal knowledge – argumentative or conclusory averments in affidavits are liable to be struck out – application to proceed on merits after striking defective paragraphs.
26 September 2018
Insurer’s appeal succeeds only on reducing interest to statutory 7%; damages and liability findings otherwise upheld.
Evidence — admissibility of medical reports and identification documents; General damages — trial court's discretionary assessment upheld; Interest on judgment — Order XX Rule 21, default 7% per annum absent written agreement; Insurance law — vicarious liability and insurer’s indemnity; Procedure — suit by guardian/next friend for a minor competent.
26 September 2018
Conviction for sodomy quashed where medical and testimonial evidence was inconclusive and doubts resolved for appellant.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence (sodomy); sufficiency of evidence; medical evidence and PF3 reliability; delay in examination undermining forensic conclusions; presence of alleged semen not scientifically confirmed; benefit of doubt in criminal cases.
26 September 2018
Plaintiff entitled to repayment and interest where written investment agreement proved payment and defendant breached contractual returns and repayment.
Contract law – investment agreement – existence and performance – written memorandum (Exhibit P.1) conclusive under section 101 Evidence Act. Evidence – effect of written contract – oral evidence cannot contradict or vary terms required to be in writing. Burden of proof – on party alleging performance and receipt of monies. Remedies – damages for breach under section 73 Law of Contract Act; commercial and decretal interest; costs.
26 September 2018