High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
100 judgments

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100 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2019
The applicant’s review was time‑barred, procedurally defective and supported by an inadequate affidavit, so dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure — Review — Limitation: paragraph 3, Part III of the Law of Limitation Act (30 days) — time barred; Procedure — review must be by memorandum of review under Order XLII, not chamber summons; Affidavit requirements — Order XIX r.3(1) and Order XLIII r.2 — defective affidavit renders application incompetent; Failure to show good cause for delay in filing submissions.
28 June 2019
Review application dismissed as time‑barred, procedurally incompetent and supported by a defective affidavit.
Limitation law – review applications – paragraph 3 Part III of the Schedule to the Law of Limitation Act; time bar and section 3(1). Civil procedure – review procedure – requirement to file a memorandum of review under Order XLII and sections 78(a), 95 of the Civil Procedure Code. Civil procedure – affidavits – requirements under Order XIX Rule 3(1) and Order XLIII Rule 2; incurably defective affidavit. Procedure – preliminary objections and failure to show cause for delay in filing submissions.
28 June 2019
Unlawful eviction without court order or notice entitles occupants to general damages; special damages require strict proof.
Land law — Illegal eviction — Eviction carried out without court order or notice — Pending Land Tribunal matter withdrawn after eviction — Proof of special damages requires strict, admissible evidence — General damages awarded for unlawful eviction and humiliation.
28 June 2019
Alleged estate misappropriation unproven; administrator ordered to file updated account including bank details within 14 days.
Probate — inspection/revocation of final account under s.107(5) Probate and Administration of Estates Act; Allegations of misappropriation — burden of proof on beneficiaries; Administrator’s powers — wide but custodial, cannot appropriate estate; Sufficiency of final account — income, expenditure and loan repayment details; Need for updated account where material omissions or passage of time and unaccounted bank accounts (NBC, CRDB); Application of Islamic law in High Court — s.92(1)(b); High Court inherent powers to order justice — s.95 CPC.
28 June 2019
Application to set aside dismissal for want of prosecution struck out for wrong/ inapplicable citation of enabling provision.
Civil Procedure – application to set aside dismissal for want of prosecution – competency and correct enabling provision – Order IX Rule 4 v Rule 9(1) – Rule 9 applies to dismissals under Rule 8, not to dismissals for non-appearance/default.
28 June 2019
Family-nominated administrator valid without proprietary interest; revocation remedy lies in Primary Court, not by appeal.
Administration of estates – Primary Court (Administration of Estates) Rules GN 49/1971 applicable – Probate Rules not applicable; Appointment of administrator – family/clan nomination valid under Rule 2(a) of Fifth Schedule – administrator need not have proprietary interest; Appellate scope – no interference with concurrent findings absent misapprehension or miscarriage of justice; Appellate procedure – new facts not admissible on appeal; Remedy – revocation of appointment lies in Primary Court under Rule 9(1)(e).
28 June 2019
Appellant's challenge to sufficiency of evidence and chain of custody failed; conviction for possession of government trophies upheld.
Criminal law – Unlawful possession of government trophies; evidential sufficiency of seizure certificate and physical exhibits; chain of custody and non-tendered property; materiality of discrepancies in quantity of seized items; admissibility and weight of uncrossed cautioned statements.
28 June 2019
Conviction for abuse of office quashed where prosecution failed to prove authority, misconduct and vote evidence beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Corruption – Abuse of office (s.31, Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act No.11/2007) – requirement that prosecution prove authority and wrongful use of position beyond reasonable doubt; Evidence – necessity of tendering material exhibits (alleged vote results) and documentary/swearing evidence to establish responsibility and authority; Conviction unsafe where prosecution evidence is scanty or fails to establish essential elements of offence.
28 June 2019
Interim injunction refused: triable trademark issues existed but irreparable harm and balance of convenience were not established.
Interim relief – Temporary injunction – application of Attilio v Mbowe test: triable issues, irreparable harm, balance of convenience. Trade marks – alleged passing off and infringement – role of registration and s.32(4) of Trade and Services Marks Act. Evidence – quantification of loss vs irreparable injury; requirement for supporting audited accounts. Balance of convenience – protection of local industry and potential prejudice to registered users.
28 June 2019
Conviction based solely on weak night-time visual identification and inadmissible child testimony was quashed and sentence set aside.
Criminal law – Evidence – Visual identification at night – Requirements and safeguards (Waziri Aman principles); Evidence Act s.26A(2) – Witness of tender years – necessity of promise to tell the truth; Conviction unsafe where based solely on weak, uncorroborated visual identification.
28 June 2019
Ex-parte enforcement of a staff loan: termination converted concessional interest to commercial rate and judgement awarded principal, interest, damages and costs.
Contract/Banking law - staff loan agreement; conversion of concessional staff rate to commercial rate upon termination; ex-parte recovery of unpaid loan; awards of contractual and post-judgment interest; general damages and costs.
28 June 2019
Failure to attach the impugned ruling and prove illegality prevents grant of leave to appeal for extension of time.
Leave to appeal; extension of time to file appeal; late supply of decree; representation by unqualified/impersonating advocate; illegality as ground for extension; burden of proof under Evidence Act s110; failure to attach impugned ruling; expungement of late written submissions.
28 June 2019
Convictions quashed where visual identification, possession evidence and delayed cautioned statements were found legally unsafe.
Criminal law – Identification evidence – visual/recognition evidence at night; necessity of description, source and intensity of light, contemporaneous disclosure and elimination of mistaken identity. Criminal procedure – Cautioned statements – recording within prescribed time and compliance with statutory safeguards; inadmissibility if statutory requirements flouted. Evidence – Recovery of stolen property – prosecution’s burden to prove ownership and connection to theft; effect of accused’s receipts/explanation. Criminal law – Common intention – proof cannot rest on unreliable identification or inadmissible confessions.
28 June 2019
Applicant granted 30-day extension to appeal due to prompt pursuit of records and diligence correcting record errors.
Limitation Act s.14(1) – extension of time – "sufficient cause"; promptness and diligence in pursuing certified copies and correcting record errors. Procedural irregularity – supply and rectification of certified records. Effect of earlier incompetent extension application on merits of subsequent application.
28 June 2019
A bona fide purchaser was properly joined to pending land suits under Order I r.10 and section 95 to protect his interests.
Civil procedure — Joinder of parties — Order I Rules 10(2) & (4) and section 95 CPC — Bona fide purchaser seeking to be joined in pending land suits — Necessity for effective and complete adjudication.
27 June 2019
27 June 2019
Application for interim release of containers dismissed due to evidentiary inconsistencies and unmet injunction requirements.
Civil procedure – interlocutory injunction – prerequisites (triable issues, irreparable injury, balance of convenience); Evidence – weight and admissibility of unsigned documents and inconsistent annexures; Contract – right to withhold goods under commercial agreement; Possession/dispute over storage and demurrage charges.
27 June 2019
Medical report and lack of corroboration led to quashing the appellant's rape conviction despite the victim's testimony.
Criminal law – Rape – burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt; weight of victim's testimony versus medical (expert) evidence; PF3 and doctor’s report showing no recent penetration; need for corroboration/independent witnesses; assessment of totality of evidence.
27 June 2019
Conviction quashed where unreliable night-time identification and inconsistent evidence failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – visual identification at night – necessity to describe light source, intensity and observer distance. Identification parade – collateral value only; ineffective without prior witness description. Burden of proof – inconsistencies in prosecution evidence (identity and stolen item) create reasonable doubt.
27 June 2019
Applicant's extension of time to seek leave to appeal dismissed for unexplained delay and misconceived relief.
Extension of time – discretionary power – requirement to demonstrate good cause – every day of delay must be accounted for; misconceived application – attempt to pursue second appeal/leave improperly framed; unnecessary delay awaiting supply of records.
27 June 2019
Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution after the prosecuting authority failed to trace or effectively serve the respondent.
Criminal procedure – Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution where respondent untraceable after prolonged delay and failed service attempts (including publication). Service by publication – ineffectual where respondent remains unlocated; court may dismiss appeal to prevent indefinite pendency. Duty on prosecuting authority to diligently pursue and allocate persons whose presence is necessary; courts are not tasked with mobilising parties. Dismissal without prejudice – liberty to refile if respondent resurfaces.
26 June 2019
A prior constitutional ruling upholding section 36(2) precludes another applicant from re-litigating the same issue as res judicata.
Constitutional law – res judicata in public interest litigation; prior judgment in rem binds the public; application to s.36(2) Economic and Organised Crimes Control Act; reliance on Fikiri Liganga and Indian jurisprudence.
26 June 2019
An unsigned trial judgment is incurably defective and must be quashed and the record remitted for a fresh signed judgment.
Criminal procedure – requirement that judgments be signed by presiding officer – section 312(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act – unsigned judgment is incurably defective and a nullity. Appeal procedure – competency of appeal where impugned trial judgment is unsigned – quashing and remitting record for fresh judgment under section 373(1)(a). Remedial orders – remit for fresh judgment rather than retrospective signature; custody pending compliance and credit for time served on any subsequent sentence.
26 June 2019
The arbitrator was improperly joined and struck out; Rule 8's certification requirement for award and submission was satisfied.
Arbitration — joinder — whether a sole arbitrator may be made respondent in proceedings challenging an arbitral award — arbitrator generally not a proper party and immune from being made respondent.* Arbitration Rules (Rule 8) — certification requirement — certified copies of the submission to the arbitrator and the award are required and were provided.* Civil Procedure (O.1 r.10(2)) — Court power to strike out improperly joined parties.
26 June 2019
Plaintiff injured in vehicle accident proved 5% permanent disability and special damages; general damages reduced for lack of evidential support.
Tort — Motor vehicle accident — negligence and vicarious liability of employer; proof of special damages by receipts; assessment of general damages for pain, suffering and partial permanent disability (5%); evidential requirement for claims of lost earnings; award of interest and costs.
25 June 2019
Application for revocation of letters of administration struck out for being improperly moved and wrongly grounded in law, no costs.
Probate and Administration – Revocation of letters of administration – Preliminary objections – Whether the court has been properly moved; compliance with High Court (Registry) Rules r.8; adequacy of supporting affidavit; correct statutory basis (Section 51(1)(d)) – Application struck out, no order as to costs.
25 June 2019
Municipality entitled to 0.3% service levy on net turnover; defendant’s unproven cess payment did not discharge liability.
Local Government Finance Act (Cap. 290) and municipal by-laws – service levy of 0.3% on turnover net of VAT and excise; municipal recovery of unpaid levy; whether payment of farmgate cess discharges municipal service levy – evidentiary burden to prove cess payment; proper calculation requires correct exchange rates and deduction of VAT; award of interest at bank rate and costs.
25 June 2019
Conviction quashed where cautioned statement was wrongly admitted and possession/identification of stolen goods was not proved.
Criminal law – shop breaking and stealing – cautioned statement repudiation and trial court's duty to inquire – recent possession doctrine – identification of stolen property by special marks – insufficiency of witness corroboration – conviction quashed.
25 June 2019
Application to stay execution and vacate consent decree dismissed as court was functus officio and the application was omnibus.
Civil procedure — functus officio — consent decree and execution; omnibus application — combining distinct reliefs improper; incorrect legal provisions — court improperly moved; appropriate remedies are review/revision or fresh suit.
25 June 2019
Conviction quashed because the charge failed to allege unlawfulness, an essential ingredient of causing grievous harm; retrial ordered.
Criminal law – Charging particulars – causing grievous harm – requirement to allege "unlawfully" as essential ingredient under section 225 – omission renders charge defective and conviction unsafe. Fair trial – charge must disclose essential elements to enable defence. Remedy – quashing of conviction and remittal for retrial after proper charge prepared.
24 June 2019
The applicant proved a loan, valid securities and respondents' default, securing judgment and power to sell collateral.
Facility agreement — Existence and enforceability; Identity of lender despite minor name discrepancy; Security instruments — mortgage, specific debenture, chattel mortgage and personal guarantees; Default and certificate of balance; Decretal interest rates and power of sale of collateral.
24 June 2019
An unsigned trial court judgment is incurably irregular and must be quashed and remitted for a properly signed judgment.
Criminal procedure – requirement to sign judgment (s.312 Criminal Procedure Act) – failure to sign is an incurable irregularity – certified/printed copy cannot substitute for an original signed judgment – remedy: quash and remit for composition and signing of fresh judgment – remand pending compliance – credit time served.
24 June 2019
Failure to establish chain of custody of seized trophies and improper tendering of cautioned statements defeated the prosecution’s case.
Criminal law – possession of government trophies – chain of custody and Police General Orders (Directive 15) – failure to account for movement of exhibits is a fatal irregularity; evidentiary rule – documents/exhibits must be tendered by a witness with knowledge or custody; burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; doubts resolved in favour of accused.
24 June 2019
24 June 2019
Court dismissed respondent's preliminary objections as raising factual or non-mandatory procedural issues, not pure points of law.
Civil procedure — Preliminary objections — Must raise a pure point of law (Mukisa test) — Factual issues not competent as preliminary objections. Locus standi — Alleged sale/transfer of disputed land — Factual inquiry required; not a pure law point. Land Registration Act, s.13 — Notice of objection to first registration — applicability and mandatory nature require factual evaluation. Corporate plaintiff — Capacity to sue in corporate name; verification of pleadings by corporate officers (Order XXVIII r.1; Order VI r.15) — identification desirable but permissive.
24 June 2019
Conviction quashed where circumstantial evidence, lack of corroborative mobile-banking records and variance between charge and evidence undermined proof beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – circumstantial evidence – identification and corroboration – necessity of linking facts beyond reasonable doubt; Variance between charge and evidence – fatal and incurable defect; Burden of proof rests on prosecution.
24 June 2019
21 June 2019
Court granted extension under s14(1) after finding the applicant explained and justified the delay in filing the review.
Limitation Act s14(1) – extension of time – sufficiency of reasons for delay; diligence vs negligence of advocate; requirement to attach impugned order to review application; late invocation of illegality in submissions.
21 June 2019
Applicant granted extension to appeal after court found diligence and arguable illegality despite counsel's errors.
• Civil procedure – extension of time – applicant must account for each day of delay; good cause required. • Advocate negligence – not automatically fatal; may be excused where applicant diligently pursued remedies. • Illegality in lower court decision – arguable illegality can justify extension. • Relief granted: extension to file appeal within prescribed period.
21 June 2019
Court granted extension of time to file appeal where defective decree and interest of justice justified the delay.
Civil procedure — Extension of time — Section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act; Order XLIII Rule 2 CPC; discretionary relief — requirement of reasonable or sufficient cause; defective decree and alleged illegality as factors attracting court's consideration; interest of justice and constitutional right of appeal.
21 June 2019
Whether the applicants should be granted leave to appeal on the legal issue of ownership of the motor vehicle.
Appellate procedure – leave to appeal under s.5(1)(c) Appellate Jurisdiction Act – requirement of contentious point of law. Civil appeals – whether High Court misdirected itself by awarding damages to a party alleged not to be the lawful owner. Right of appeal – Article 13(6)(a) Constitution – entitlement to have contentious legal issues determined by Court of Appeal. Procedural fairness – where High Court does not decide on merits, the question raises a point of law for appellate review.
21 June 2019
Whether division and sale of matrimonial houses fairly reflected contributions while protecting children's interests.
Matrimonial property division – Section 114(2)(d) Law of Marriage Act – equality of division – protection of children’s interests – avoidance of forced sale of family home – recognition of domestic contributions – loans as joint contribution only if for joint benefit – appellate standards on concurrent findings.
21 June 2019
Applicant's illness and alleged illegality did not justify extension of time; application dismissed for unexplained delay.
Civil procedure – Extension of time under Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – necessity to show sufficient reasons and account for each day of delay; Medical evidence – brief outpatient attendance/short admission insufficient to excuse lengthy delay; Illegality of decision – may justify extension in appropriate cases but does not remedy unexplained delay.
20 June 2019
Failure to file the mandatory Section 102(1)(a) notice renders the appeal incompetent and it was struck out with costs.
Land Registration Act s.102(1)(a) – mandatory Notice of Intention to Appeal – requirement to notify Registrar and High Court within one month. Procedural law – competence of appeal – failure to comply with mandatory notice renders appeal incompetent. Overriding objective – not available to cure non‑compliance with mandatory statutory preconditions. Civil procedure – expungement of withdrawn submissions from record.
20 June 2019
A temporary injunction application in probate proceedings abated on the applicant’s death as the right to sue did not survive.
Civil Procedure Code (Order XXII Rule 1) – Abatement of suit on party’s death – Survival of right to sue – Probate proceedings – Temporary injunction pending revocation of letters of administration.
20 June 2019
Taxation reduced the bill to Tshs.28,570,000; 3% instruction fee allowed; unsupported disbursement disallowed.
Advocates' fees — application of Advocates Remuneration Order, 2015 (9th Schedule) — instruction fee calculation where specific monetary claim — effect of defendant having filed a defence but later defaulting — taxation of attendance costs and disbursements — requirement of supporting receipts for disbursements.
20 June 2019
Extension of time and leave to appeal granted where delay arose from technical defects and applicant’s prompt pursuit of remedies.
Appellate procedure – extension of time under section 11(1) AJA – sufficient cause – factors: length of delay, reason, diligence and prejudice; technical defects by lay litigant can constitute sufficient cause; late procedural objections not raised in pleadings may be disallowed.
20 June 2019
20 June 2019
Subordinate court trial was a nullity where statutory DPP consent for prosecution in a lower court was absent.
Criminal procedure – jurisdiction – requirement of Director of Public Prosecutions’ consent under section 26 of the Economic and Organized Crime Control Act – absence of DPP consent renders subordinate court trial a nullity.
20 June 2019
Five-year unexplained delay and lack of diligence defeated the application to extend time for review; s.19(5) exclusion not justified.
Limitation of actions – extension of time under Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – discretion must be judiciously exercised and based on material cause. Exclusion of time for obtaining proceedings – s.19(5) – applicant must show necessity and inability to obtain copies timely. Delay – distinction between technical and inordinate delay; requirement to account for each day (Bushiri, Lyamuya, Fortunatus Masha). Diligence vs negligence – absence of diligence and gross negligence disentitle applicant to extension.
20 June 2019