High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
296 judgments

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296 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
February 2021
Court appointed applicant as temporary receiver of estate under section 10, with limited powers and a three-month term.
Probate law – Appointment of receiver pending grant (section 10, Probate Rules r.24) – compliance with affidavit requirements – risk of waste/intermeddling – limited access to bank accounts for upkeep and school fees – prohibition on sale – three‑month interim appointment.
28 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
A divorce petition filed without a valid Marriage Conciliation Board certificate is premature; trial proceedings were nullified and the decision quashed.
Family law – Law of Marriage Act, s.101 – requirement of a valid Marriage Conciliation Board certificate before instituting divorce proceedings – jurisdictional prerequisite. Procedure – premature institution of matrimonial cause – consequences: striking out and nullity of subsequent proceedings. Civil procedure – timing and proper raising of preliminary objections to competency of appeals.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Applicant granted extension of time to appeal after court excluded delay while awaiting certified copies under section 19 Limitation Act.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal; computation of limitation period – section 19 Law of Limitation Act (exclusion of period between request for and supply of certified copies) – admission by respondent in counter‑affidavit and estoppel – reliance on Benedict Mumello v Bank of Tanzania.
26 February 2021
The appellant's rape conviction was quashed for lack of corroboration and absence of recorded reasons for accepting the victim's testimony.
Criminal law – Rape – Credibility of victim’s testimony and requirement for courts to record reasons for acceptance – Corroboration – PF3/medical report admissibility and reliability – Delayed reporting and arrest – Pregnancy not conclusive proof of rape or paternity.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Revision dismissed: termination for incapacity was fair; employer followed medical and procedural requirements, compensation paid.
Labour law – Termination for incapacity (ill‑health) – Compliance with Rule 19 and Rule 21 (GN No.42/2007); medical review board and specialist opinion; duty to investigate, consult, accommodate and consider alternative employment; compensation under Workers Compensation Act; review of arbitration award.
26 February 2021
Leave granted to seek judicial review of alleged wrongful termination and denial of right to be heard.
Judicial review — leave stage — arguable case requirement; administrative fairness — right to be heard; wrongful termination — decision based on uncharged accusation; procedural rule — filing time under Rule 8(1)(b).
26 February 2021
An applicant’s allegation of illegality in a tribunal decision can justify extension of time to file an appeal.
Civil procedure – extension of time – claim of illegality as sufficient cause to enlarge time to appeal. Land Disputes Courts Act (ss.23,24) – role of assessors – whether a tribunal ruling/judgment requires assessors’ opinions. Requirement to account for each day of delay when illegality is alleged.
26 February 2021
Applicant granted extension to file appeal due to technical delay in obtaining a rectified decree and demonstrated diligence.
Civil procedure — Extension of time — Applicant must account for delay, show diligence and non-inordinate delay (Lyamuya criteria). Decrees and records — Technical defects in a decree and delay in obtaining rectified record can constitute excusable/technical delay. Extension of time — Technical delay and prompt steps to procure corrected documents justify enlargement of time.
26 February 2021
Rape conviction quashed where penetration and victim's age were not proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Rape – Proof of penetration; Proof of age in statutory rape – requirement for documentary or satisfactory evidence; Confessional statements – need for corroboration of essential elements; Treatment of inconsistent testimonies and possible consensual cohabitation.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Applicant granted extension to file setting-aside application after being served with execution notice and showing good cause.
Extension of time – Law of Limitation Act section 14(1) – "Good cause" assessed by Lyamuya factors – Lack of notice/execution as cause – Substituted service – Irregularity raised in submissions is not evidence and cannot establish good cause.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Appeal allowed: proceedings quashed because claimant sued personally lacked proven administrator capacity over estate land.
Land law – locus standi to sue for estate property; requirement to plead and prove capacity (administrator) and to admit letters of administration; Ward Tribunal composition and membership; territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction; effect of secretary participating in tribunal proceedings.
26 February 2021
Failure to record or read tribunal assessors’ opinions is an apparent illegality warranting extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure – extension of time – illegality as sufficient cause – Lyamuya criteria – illegality must be apparent on face of record, of sufficient importance and not involve long argument. Land Disputes – District Land and Housing Tribunal – assessors’ participation – requirement to file/read assessors’ opinions in proceedings and judgment – omission vitiates proceedings.
26 February 2021
A non-party to Ward Tribunal proceedings has no locus to appeal; appeals in a different name are incompetent.
Land law – Appeal from Ward Tribunal – interpretation of "person" in section 19 of the Land Disputes Courts Act – only parties to Ward Tribunal proceedings have right of appeal. Locus standi – non-party cannot institute appeal; identity/name discrepancy does not validate appeal absent proof of same identity. Procedure – appropriate remedy for non-party is revision (s36); High Court revisional powers (s41(1)) to nullify and quash incompetent appellate proceedings. Execution – entitlement to execute Ward Tribunal decision when appellate proceedings are nullified, unless reversed by competent court.
26 February 2021
Circumstantial and telecom-tracking evidence insufficient; procedural defect in charge sheet; conviction quashed.
Criminal law – circumstantial evidence – whether circumstantial proof excluded all other reasonable hypotheses. Evidence – identification of property – need for special/distinguishing marks for reliable identification. Evidence – electronic/tracking evidence – necessity of testimonial or authenticated reports from telecom/cyber officers. Procedure – private prosecution – charge sheet must be properly signed by complainant, not by police.
26 February 2021
Application to reopen a closed administration dismissed as functus officio and time‑barred.
Probate and administration – Review of Administrator‑General’s discharge and final accounts – functus officio of court after valid discharge and closure of probate; limitation of actions where statute is silent (60 days) and effect of fraud‑discovery (section 26); competency of combined reliefs under same statutory provision.
26 February 2021
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause for extension of time after digital notification; application dismissed.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – sufficiency of grounds; service/notification via digital platforms during COVID‑19; sanctity of court records; delay and abandonment.
26 February 2021
Applicants must account for each day of delay and act expeditiously to obtain extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Discretionary relief requires sufficient cause and expeditious action; applicant must account for each day of delay; alleged clerical errors in judgment/decree require evidence of rectification timing to justify delay.
26 February 2021
Whether land allocated in one spouse’s name during marriage is matrimonial property entitled to a spouse’s share.
Land law – matrimonial property – whether land allocated/recorded in one spouse’s name during marriage is matrimonial property; rebuttal of s.60(1) Law of Marriage Act presumption; validity of sale without spouse’s involvement; remedy by awarding spouse a monetary/share entitlement.
26 February 2021
An appeal is incompetent if the decree accompanying the memorandum is inconsistent with the trial court’s judgment.
Civil procedure – Appeal competency – Requirement that memorandum of appeal be accompanied by a decree that agrees with the judgment; decree inconsistent with judgment renders appeal incompetent; decree must specify relief granted.
26 February 2021
Manslaughter sentence reduced for guilty plea, remorse, first-offender status, and credit for time spent on remand.
Criminal law – Manslaughter; sentencing – mitigation versus aggravation; guilty plea and first-offender leniency; self-defence and excessive force; credit for time on remand.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Convictions quashed where prosecution evidence contained material contradictions and the victim's age was not conclusively proved.
Sexual offences — evaluation of evidence and credibility — contradictions in prosecution testimony; proof of victim's age — requirement to produce birth certificate where available; retrial — prosecution's duty to strengthen case after nullified proceedings.
26 February 2021
Conviction quashed because the guilty plea was equivocal and trial procedure was defective; appellant ordered released.
Criminal procedure – plea of guilty – unequivocal versus equivocal plea; Duty of magistrate when taking plea – explain essential ingredients and record accused's words and response; Appeal against conviction after guilty plea – limited but permitted where plea equivocal or charge defective; Evidential deficiencies – missing caution statement, inconsistent particulars (dates/times), unnamed arresting witnesses; Remedy – nullification of proceedings, quash conviction, set aside sentence and release.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Conviction quashed where prosecution failed to prove rape beyond reasonable doubt due to weak, uncorroborated and unlinked evidence.
Criminal law – Rape/statutory rape – sufficiency of evidence – unsworn child testimony and corroboration – medical report showing absence of hymen but no link to accused – delay in reporting and possibility of fabrication – trial court’s duty to evaluate defence/motive.
26 February 2021
Applicants failed to prove forgery or lack of spousal consent; mortgages and sale after default were lawful.
Mortgage and land law – validity of mortgage and sale after borrower default – spousal consent and disclosure duties under the Land Act and Mortgage Financing (Special Provisions) Act – evidence of forgery and standard of proof in civil proceedings – effect of unregistered spousal interest and late caveat.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Absence of cross-appeal justified confirmation of the lower court’s custody order to protect the children’s interests.
Child custody – necessity of social inquiry and independent views of the child under s.39(2)(d) Child Act and Rule 72 Law of the Child – when such inquiry may be dispensed with. Procedural finality – absence of cross-appeal as a relevant factor under s.39(2)(g) Child Act to confirm lower court custody order. Maintenance obligation – respondent to continue maintenance as per District Court order.
26 February 2021
Plaintiff failed to prove causation or quantum for alleged electrical damage; claim dismissed with no order as to costs.
Electricity supply liability – alleged equipment damage from power fault – requirement to prove causation and quantum of loss Burden of proof – he who alleges must prove; evidence must be consistent and supported Documentary proof – proforma invoices and unproved demand notices insufficient to establish loss Technical proof – need for independent expert evidence/delivery notes when alleging electrical causation and destruction
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
Extension denied where applicant failed to account for delay and alleged illegality lacked demonstrated prejudice.
Civil procedure – extension of time – applicant must account for all delay (Lyamuya principles); delay must be explained and not inordinate; possession of judgment not prerequisite to filing notice of appeal; alleged illegality (Ward Tribunal secretary signing) must show prejudice to constitute sufficient cause.
26 February 2021
26 February 2021
An application for stay of execution under Order XXXIX Rule 5 must be supported by a pending appeal; absent one it is an abuse of process.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution – Order XXXIX Rule 5 – Requirement of pending appeal – Abuse of process – Limits of overriding objective and inherent powers.
25 February 2021
Leave to appeal granted because issues on proving contract terms by oral evidence raise points of general importance.
Land appeal — leave to appeal — whether contractual terms may be proved by oral evidence — non-joinder of necessary party — privity of contract on death — cure under s.45 Land Disputes Courts Act and overriding objectives.
25 February 2021
Caution statement recorded after unlawful delay is inadmissible; conviction upheld on reliable eyewitness evidence.
Criminal law – shop breaking – proof beyond reasonable doubt – arrest by witnesses who apprehended suspect at scene; Admissibility of caution statement – section 50(1)(a) CPA four-hour rule – delay renders statement inadmissible and expunged; Appeal court’s re-evaluation of credibility and evidence.
25 February 2021
Affidavit containing substantive argumentative paragraphs renders application incompetent and justifies striking it out without costs.
Civil procedure — affidavit defects — argumentative averments, legal conclusions and prayers in affidavit — substantive defects — expunction vs. striking out; preliminary objection disposing of matter.
25 February 2021
High Court granted extension of time where delay was technical and the lay appellant had taken reasonable steps to pursue his appeal.
Extension of time to appeal; sufficient cause; technical versus actual delay; lay litigant; right of appeal as constitutional; Primary Court proceedings not mandatory attachment.
25 February 2021
Alleged illegality of the CMA award justified granting the applicant extension of time to file revision.
Labour law – extension of time to file revision – discretion to grant extension exercised judicially – factors: length and reason for delay, illegality of the impugned decision, prejudice to respondent; jurisdiction of CMA; proper remedy where internal appeals exhausted may include judicial review under Public Servants Regulations.
25 February 2021