High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
421 judgments

Court registries

  • Filters
  • Judges
  • Topics
  • Alphabet
Sort by:
421 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2021
Appellate court wrongly nullified separate probate proceedings; disputed house remains under prior administratrix pending Forms V and VI.
Probate law – separation of estates – limits of revisional powers – sui motu nullification of probate proceedings – right to be heard (audi alteram partem) – requirement to file Forms V and VI to effect valid distribution under administration.
30 June 2021
Waiver of statutory bond and sureties in probate requires clear justification; unexplained failure to procure sureties warrants dismissal.
Probate — waiver of bond and sureties under s.67 Probates and Administration of Estates Act — exceptional relief requiring satisfactory reasons and evidence. Importance of administrator’s capacity, honesty and commitment when considering waiver. Unexplained failure to procure sureties is inadequate to justify waiver.
30 June 2021
Application for extension and leave to appeal dismissed as the intended appeal was overtaken by execution of the decree.
Land law and appellate procedure – extension of time to seek leave to appeal – accounting for delay – requirement of a point of law or general importance for leave – appeal overtaken by execution of decree; academic applications.
30 June 2021
Joinder by third party notice granted because the alleged vendor who passed title is a necessary party; each party to bear own costs.
Civil Procedure - Joinder/third party notice (Order 1 r.14(1)(b), Order XLIII r.2, s.95 CPC) - Necessary party in land dispute - Alleged vendor who passed title - Consent to joinder - Fair and conclusive determination.
30 June 2021
An application to set aside a dismissal for want of prosecution was granted for lack of proof the applicant was notified.
Civil procedure — Order IX Rule 9(1) — setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution; Service and notice in audio-teleconference hearings — proof of service (registry affidavit/mobile contact) required; Balance of convenience and costs.
30 June 2021
An appeal against an interlocutory ruling on whether defendants were sued personally or in official capacity was premature and dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure — Appeals — Interlocutory orders — Competence of appeal — Preliminary objections — Wrong party (individuals v. village council) — Mukisa Biscuits principle: preliminary objection must be pure point of law not requiring evidence.
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
Major contradictions and failure to call material witnesses meant prosecution failed to prove rape beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Rape – Burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt; witness credibility – contradictions, hearsay and their impact; failure to call material witnesses (medical examiner, investigator, local chairperson) – adverse inference; conviction must be based on prosecution’s evidence, not weakness of defence; absence of PF3/medical evidence undermining proof of penetration.
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
Leave to appeal granted where appeal raises arguable evaluative questions of evidence and the respondent conceded.
Land law; leave to appeal to Court of Appeal; second appeal; evaluation of evidence; standard of proof in civil proceedings; appellate review; concession by respondent.
30 June 2021
Applicant held vicariously liable for respondent's injuries from bus driver's negligence; appeal dismissed.
Tort — Vicarious liability — employer liable for negligent acts of employee operating employer's vehicle; evidence of course of employment may be inferred from tickets and admissions. Evidence — Exhibits (PF3) — a witness who possessed an exhibit and has knowledge may properly tender it. Civil procedure — burden of proof — respondents must prove on balance of probabilities; corroborative documents and admissions may suffice.
30 June 2021
A non‑party's attempt to challenge division of matrimonial property by revision was dismissed; title disputes must be litigated in proper civil proceedings.
Civil procedure – Revision – appropriateness of revision where applicant was not party to earlier matrimonial proceedings; Matrimonial law – division of matrimonial assets – third-party claims to property awarded in divorce; Evidence and proof – title and ownership disputes require oral evidence and determination in a competent civil forum.
30 June 2021
The applicant couple were appointed foster parents and the respondent appointed guardian ad litem in the child's best interests.
Child law – foster care and adoption – best interests of the child – residency and fitness of prospective foster parents – appointment of guardian ad litem by social welfare officer – change of child's name.
30 June 2021
Extension of time granted due to apparent illegality despite financial hardship and settlement negotiations.
Civil procedure – Extension of time to appeal – Sufficiency of cause – Poverty/financial hardship not a sufficient cause – Negotiations/settlement do not stop limitation period – Apparent illegality on face of record (jurisdictional defect) may justify extension.
30 June 2021
Court stayed execution of a CMA award pending revision and ordered deposit equal to the award amount.
Labour law – Stay of execution of CMA award pending revision – Discretionary exercise guided by likelihood of success, irreparable loss, and balance of convenience – Security (deposit of award sum) as condition for stay.
30 June 2021
Application for third-appeal leave and certificate refused because the complaints were factual, not points of law or general importance.
Appellate jurisdiction – leave to institute a third appeal – requirement for points of law or matters of general importance; concurrent factual findings rarely disturbed by appellate courts. Certification on point of law – not appropriate where complaint is purely factual. Ex parte proceedings – service refusal and dispensed appearance.
30 June 2021
Application for extension of time dismissed after applicant conceded preliminary objections; dismissal for want of prosecution not res judicata.
Civil procedure – miscellaneous application for extension of time to appeal; preliminary objections – abuse of court process; competence; jurisdiction. Procedural law – dismissal for want of prosecution vs. struck out; substitution by Court of Appeal not a precondition to seek extension of time in High Court. Res judicata – dismissal for want of prosecution does not operate as res judicata (not a decision on the merits). Concession of preliminary objections by applicant results in dismissal of the application.
30 June 2021
A strict five‑day group reporting rule cannot bar the applicant's consoling contributions where delay is reasonably justified.
Constitutional interpretation of internal group rules – Rule 10(c) five‑day reporting requirement – whether strict time‑bar defeats purpose of consoling contributions Evidence – proof of reporting and justification for delay (distance, mourning customs, COVID‑19) Relief – primary court discretion to construe internal rules so as not to undermine substantive justice Pleading – issue raised about special damages and evidential requirements in primary courts
30 June 2021
A defective charge omitting 'intent to defraud' vitiated proceedings; conviction and sentence were quashed.
Criminal law – Obtaining money by false pretense – Particulars of offence must include intent to defraud – Defective charge vitiates proceedings – Point of law can be raised at any appellate stage – Nullity of proceedings and non-availability of cure under s.388 CPA – Retrial not always in interest of justice.
30 June 2021
Court ordered attachment and sale of the administratrix's share to satisfy a decree for 10% of the deceased's estate.
Civil Procedure — Objection to attachment under Order XXI r.57(1) CPC — Execution against administratrix of estate — Heirs' proprietary interest and locus to object — Attachment/sale of administratrix's share to satisfy decree — Preliminary objection on advocate's prior representation.
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
Conviction for obtaining money by false pretences upheld despite non-production of the TV; sentence varied to three years in default.
Criminal law – Obtaining money by false pretences (s.302 Penal Code) – proof beyond reasonable doubt – evidential weight of witnesses versus non-production of receipts or exhibit. Evidence – failure to produce cash sale/EFD receipt and lack of demonstration of pre-sale testing – inferences against vendor. Principle – caveat emptor limited application in criminal liability; appellate restraint on disturbing concurrent factual findings.
30 June 2021
An appeal dismissed as time-barred precludes a subsequent extension application in the same court; proper remedy is appeal or review.
Civil procedure – application for extension of time – effect of prior dismissal of appeal as time-barred under s.3(1) Law of Limitation Act – distinction between incompetence (striking out) and time-bar dismissal – functus officio and proper remedies (appeal, revision, review).
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
Leave to appeal granted because the supporting affidavit disclosed arguable issues on whether a decision was ex‑parte and on denial of hearing.
Civil procedure — Leave to appeal — Requirements for grant of leave: arguable case, novel or serious point of law — Ex‑parte characterization where defendant participated — Right to be heard — Pleadings/affidavit must disclose grounds to be considered.
30 June 2021
Ignorance and poverty do not justify extension of time to seek certification of a point of law; certification dismissed.
Civil procedure – extension of time – applicant must show sufficient cause; ignorance of law and poverty not sufficient; certification of point of law – court must ensure issue is a legal question not factual/credibility; appeal certification dependent on extension being granted.
30 June 2021
Applicant's unaccounted delay and unsubstantiated reasons led to dismissal of extension of time with costs.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – application under s.5(1)(c) and s.11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act and Rules 45 & 47 Court of Appeal Rules; Requirement to account for each day of delay; Necessity of corroborative affidavit evidence for asserted reasons (e.g., treatment by traditional healer); Financial constraints alone insufficient to justify extension.
30 June 2021
An unexplained delay and lack of supporting evidence defeat an extension of time based on alleged advocate misconduct; application dismissed.
Civil procedure – extension of time – alleged illegality by advocate – need for supporting evidence (supplementary affidavit) to impeach court record. Civil procedure – delay and acquiescence – unexplained long delay undermines application for extension. Professional conduct – alleged advocate misconduct may attract disciplinary proceedings but is not a substitute for civil relief in extension applications.
30 June 2021
Procedural omission in recording an amended defence led to nullification of proceedings and order for trial de novo.
Land procedure — Procedural irregularity — Amended Written Statement of Defence not reflected on record — Proceedings nullified from defence evidence — Trial de novo ordered — Costs reserved.
30 June 2021
Failure to appear at a notified remote hearing and an unexplained delay did not justify setting aside the ex parte ruling.
Labour law – setting aside ex parte ruling – sufficiency of grounds for rescission; Civil procedure – remote/digital hearings – non-appearance and adequacy of excuse (handset battery exhaustion); Procedural law – inordinate delay in applying to set aside judgment; Employment law – implications of fixed-term contract expiry on relief sought.
30 June 2021
An equivocal or mistaken guilty plea permits appeal despite section 360(1); conviction quashed and matter remitted.
Criminal law – Guilty plea – Equivocal/ambiguous plea or plea resulting from mistake/misapprehension – Exceptions to s.360(1) Criminal Procedure Act – Conviction quashed and matter remitted for trial de novo.
30 June 2021
30 June 2021
Court allowed warrant for arrest of judgment debtor under Order XXI after default, subject to payment and procedural conditions.
Execution of decree — arrest and detention of judgment debtor under section 42 and Order XXI rules 35–39 — notice to show cause and warrant on default — committal not automatic — decree-holder to pay arrest and subsistence costs.
30 June 2021
Appellant lacked locus standi where letter of administration was not properly tendered; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land disputes – locus standi – necessity to tender letter of administration to prove capacity to sue; inadmissibility of attaching such document to reply at appeal as method of adducing additional evidence; failure to tender document at trial may render proceedings incompetent and null; section 45 Cap.216 and overriding objective cannot cure prejudicial procedural defects.
30 June 2021
29 June 2021
Plaintiff's municipal permit insufficient where billboard encroached road reserve and lacked TANROADS' required authorization.
Administrative and roads law – road reserve encroachment – municipal permit insufficient where billboard encroaches road reserve; TANROADS' permit required. Land/boundary proof – necessity of professional surveyor evidence to establish plot beacons and encroachment. Signage/advertising regulation – prohibition of animated billboards within 100-metre radius from junction. Civil procedure – failure to call appropriate expert weakens party's case; suit dismissed for want of proof.
29 June 2021
Employer must prove retrenchment fairness; failure to follow agreed selection criteria renders dismissal procedurally unfair.
Labour law – retrenchment (operational requirements) – employer’s burden to prove fairness (s.39 ELRA) – selection criteria and consultation – procedural fairness – compensation for fixed-term contracts limited to unexpired term.
29 June 2021
Appeal allowed: convictions quashed due to identity uncertainty, improper exhibit tendering and lack of chain of custody for electronic evidence.
Criminal law – identity and proof – requirement to prove beyond reasonable doubt that accused is same person who committed impersonation-related offences. Criminal procedure – admissibility of exhibits – prosecution witnesses (not the Public Prosecutor) must tender exhibits under oath (s.198(1) CPA). Evidence – chain of custody – electronic evidence (mobile phone/SIM) must be traced and accounted for. Cyber law – courts should consider applicability of the Cybercrimes Act where ICT elements feature.
29 June 2021
29 June 2021
Absence of a definite land description renders lower tribunal proceedings and decisions void and subject to quashing.
Land law — requirement for certain description of disputed land; Civil procedure — defect of proceedings where land size/location not stated; Appellate practice — court raising point suo moto and right to be heard (Art.13(6)(a)); Remedy — quashing and setting aside defective tribunal decisions (Reg.3(2)(b) GN. No.174/2003; Ponsian Kadagu precedent).
29 June 2021
Representative suits require genuine, verifiable consent; fraudulent procurement of leave renders the suit incompetent and is struck out.
Land law – representative suit – validity of leave for representative action – requirement of genuine consent by those represented; Advocates’ duty to verify clients and signatories; Fraudulent procurement of leave vitiates suit; Remedy: striking out and requirement for individual suits (consolidation possible later).
29 June 2021
Court granted the applicant a 14-day extension to file a reference despite unexplained delay.
Advocate Remuneration Order – reference to High Court – extension of time – Law of Limitation Act s14(1) and s19(2) – exclusion of days awaiting copies – Lyamuya principles on extension of time – discretion and prejudice.
29 June 2021
Applicant failed to account for days of delay; court dismissed extension of time to lodge appeal.
Criminal procedure – Extension of time to lodge appeal – Applicant must account for every day of delay – Delay allegedly caused by trial court must be supported by record; unexplained intervening delay defeats application.
29 June 2021
Grant of letters of administration after proper citation and no caveat; administrator ordered to file inventory and accounts.
Probate & Administration – Grant of letters of administration where deceased died intestate – Proper public citation and absence of caveat support grant. Duties of administrator – obligation to administer estate according to law, to file inventory within six months and final accounts within twelve months. Purpose of administration – protection and preservation of estate assets, including foreign and domestic bank accounts and company shares.
29 June 2021
Letters of administration granted to the son where citations were published and no caveat filed; inventory and accounts ordered.
Probate & Administration – Grant of letters of administration where deceased died intestate – Publication/citation requirements complied with and no caveat filed – Need to protect local and foreign assets and address tax matters – Administrator required to file inventory within 6 months and final accounts within 12 months.
29 June 2021
The court granted letters of administration to the applicant son, ordering inventory and accounts and warning against misappropriation.
Probate and Administration – Grant of letters of administration; Intestate estate – entitlement of biological child to administration; Evidence – death certificate and clan minutes; No caveat – ex parte grant; Administrator’s duties – inventory, accounts, debt settlement, distribution; Liability for misappropriation.
29 June 2021
Conviction for impregnating a schoolgirl quashed due to failure to prove appellant's paternity beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Evidence – proof beyond reasonable doubt – impregnating a schoolgirl – necessity to prove paternity/identity of perpetrator; role of DNA/scientific evidence where appropriate; trial court misdirection where critical ingredient not established.
29 June 2021
High Court quashed CMA award for failing to hear applicant, give reasons and consider both parties' evidence, remitting matter for rehearing.
Labour law – procedural fairness – right to be heard; requirement to consider and analyze evidence of both parties; duty to give reasons in awards; revision powers of the High Court; nullity ab initio and remittal for rehearing.
29 June 2021
29 June 2021