High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
29 judgments

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29 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 1978
The Primary Court’s factual finding that the appellant owned the land was upheld; appeal allowed with costs.
* Land law – ownership dispute – evaluation of chain of title and occupation.* Appellate review – correctness of Primary Court factual findings and credibility assessments.* Possession – occupation as invitee versus acquisition of title.* Evidence – weight of witness credibility in land disputes.
21 December 1978
November 1978
Absence of evidence of actual taking means account shortage does not prove theft; conviction substituted for negligent occasioning of loss and sentence reduced.
Criminal law — Theft by public servant — Accounting shortage insufficient for theft where no evidence of actual taking; hearsay inadmissible — Conviction substituted for occasioning loss by negligence (s.264(1)) — Sentencing error where Minimum Sentences Act applied without evidential basis — Order to refund set aside.
23 November 1978
Conviction quashed where trial court misdirected, ignored contested evidence on parking lights, and wrongly absolved the negligent oncoming driver.
Criminal law – Road Traffic – conviction for causing death by careless parking – appellate review where trial magistrate failed to decide contested allegation (parking lights), relied on uncharged matters, and shifted burden of proof – evidence pointed to negligent driving by another road user as cause of accident.
23 November 1978
Reckless driving conviction and sentence upheld; three-year disqualification quashed for failure to ask accused to show cause.
* Traffic law – reckless driving – conviction upheld on complainant and independent eyewitness evidence – eyewitness testimony not hearsay. * Criminal procedure – right to be heard – accused given s.206 rights and had nothing material to add. * Sentencing – fine and default imprisonment – court may consider ability to pay; prompt payment indicated capacity. * Disqualification from driving – court must ask convicted driver to show cause/special reasons before ordering disqualification; failure to do so vitiates the order.
22 November 1978
Independent corroboration of a buyer’s ID upheld conviction and mandatory five-year sentence for cattle theft.
* Criminal law – Cattle theft – Identification evidence – Corroboration of an interested buyer’s testimony by an independent witness. * Evidence – Mistaken identity – Totality of evidence excluding mistaken identity. * Sentencing – Mandatory minimum five-year imprisonment for cattle theft.
22 November 1978
Conviction based on recent possession was unsafe where the court relied on items not specified in the charge-sheet; appeal allowed and release ordered.
* Criminal law – recent possession – conviction unsafe where evidence relied on items not specified in the charge-sheet. * Criminal procedure – charge-sheet requirements – accused must be given fair notice of particulars relied on by prosecution. * Burden of proof – inadmissible to shift evidential or legal burden onto accused to explain uncharged items. * Appellate review – power to quash convictions that are pervaded by such prejudice.
15 November 1978
Eyewitness and chemical evidence upheld a driving‑under‑influence conviction; sentence and three‑year disqualification affirmed.
* Road Traffic Act – driving under the influence – conviction based on eyewitness observations and chemical analysis of blood. * Evidentiary standard – impairment of efficiency suffices; no need to prove total loss of control. * Sentencing – appellate restraint; sentence not manifestly excessive despite being below statutory minimum. * Disqualification – mandatory cancellation under section 27 where no special reasons advanced.
6 November 1978
Conviction for corruption overturned where prosecution relied on a single inconsistent police witness and failed to prove inducement.
Criminal law – Corruption – Giving a bribe – Whether prosecution proved inducement under section 3(2) – Reliance on single police witness whose evidence conflicted with documentary record – Payment as security versus corrupt inducement.
2 November 1978
August 1978
The court refused to disturb the applicant’s three‑year sentence for an unnatural offence, finding it within the 14‑year maximum.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence (s.154(1)) – Evidence supporting conviction for carnal knowledge of a child; Sentence – Statutory maximum 14 years – Three‑year term not excessive; Appellate interference – refused; Note on psychiatric treatment of offenders.
10 August 1978
July 1978
Evidence of hidden cash and newly acquired goods was sufficient to uphold conviction and confirm a seven-year deterrent sentence.
* Criminal law – Storebreaking (s.296(1)) – Sufficiency of evidence – hidden cash and recently acquired goods as circumstantial evidence of theft; leading police to recovered property admissible and probative. * Sentencing – Deterrent sentence appropriate where substantial theft committed and only part recovered.
20 July 1978
Appeal dismissed: identification evidence was reliable and mistaken identity was safely excluded.
Criminal law – Identification evidence – Whether mistaken identity safely excluded – Factors: prior acquaintance, lighting at scene, contemporaneous recognition and prompt pointing out to others and police.
3 July 1978
June 1978
The appellate court upheld conviction and a three‑year sentence for servant stealing involving Shs.5,185 and a false report.
Criminal law – Stealing by servant (ss. 265, 271 Penal Code) – Sufficiency of evidence to sustain conviction – Sentence review – Whether three years' imprisonment was manifestly excessive given amount stolen and false reporting to employer.
27 June 1978
The appellant's conviction for defilement upheld on sufficient evidence; three-year sentence confirmed.
Criminal law – Defilement; sufficiency of circumstantial and medical evidence; witness credibility and corroboration; proportionality of sentence.
20 June 1978
The court dismissed the applicants' appeals, finding identification and eyewitness corroboration made a conviction for rape safe and sentences appropriate.
* Criminal law – Rape – Identification evidence in daylight – reliability and prior acquaintance.* Criminal law – Sexual offences – Corroboration: rule of practice, not absolute requirement; conviction without corroboration permissible if safe to do so.* Evidence – Delay in reporting – delay not necessarily fatal where independent corroboration exists.* Sentencing – Two-year imprisonment for rape – not manifestly excessive.
19 June 1978
May 1978
The appellant’s substitution and unexplained possession of government trophies established theft and unlawful possession.
Criminal law – Theft by public officer – substitution of entrusted government property; Unexplained possession – inference of unlawful possession of government trophies; Sentence – whether excessive given betrayal of public trust.
15 May 1978
April 1978
Appellate court upheld robbery conviction based on credible eyewitness identification and rejected unsupported alibi claims.
* Criminal law – Robbery with violence – Identification evidence – Positive eyewitness identification at night with lighting conditions supports conviction. * Criminal procedure – Alibi – Burden on accused to establish alibi; appellate court will not overturn trial credibility findings absent record support. * Appellate review – Claims not appearing in trial record (travel tickets, excluded witnesses, new allegations) cannot be entertained on appeal.
27 April 1978
Conviction quashed where prosecution failed to disprove the appellant’s alibi and prove identity beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – theft/burglary – identification and possession of stolen property – alibi – evidential burden and reasonable doubt – conviction quashed for failure to prove identity beyond reasonable doubt.
17 April 1978
Possession of distinctive stolen goods upheld as sufficient to infer guilt of shop‑breaking; appeal dismissed.
Criminal law – shop‑breaking/burglary – identification of stolen goods – recent possession doctrine – lapse of time between theft and recovery – sufficiency of evidence to support conviction.
10 April 1978
Possession of identified stolen goods and arrest near hidden cache upheld the applicant's convictions and sentences.
* Criminal law – shop-breaking and stealing – identification of stolen goods; recent possession doctrine; circumstantial evidence linking accused to scene; credibility of defence that goods were purchased elsewhere.
10 April 1978
Appeal allowed where robbery charge was duplicitous and key eyewitness evidence was unreliable, convictions quashed.
Criminal law – sufficiency of evidence – reliance on single eyewitness – identification evidence must be clear and corroborated; Duplicity in indictment/charge – effect on conviction; Appeal – quashing convictions where primary evidence unreliable.
10 April 1978
Appellate court upheld conviction for stealing by a public servant where credible evidence showed non-remittance and no handover proof.
* Criminal law – stealing by a public servant – failure to remit deceased employee's salary to Paymaster-General. * Credibility of witnesses – appellate restraint – acceptance of successor's denial over accused's explanation. * Evidence – absence of handing-over/take-over documentation undermining defence. * Sentence – mandatory three-year imprisonment for offence.
1 April 1978
March 1978
Area Commissioner's letter mitigates illegal transport of agricultural produce; sentence and return of produce upheld.
* Criminal law – Transport of scheduled agricultural produce – Requirement of permit under National Agricultural Products Board (Transport Control) Order 1969 – Area Commissioner's letter not a legal permit but may mitigate sentence. * Sentencing – appellate review – when leniency by trial court need not be disturbed. * Property – forfeiture – prosecution must adduce evidence to justify forfeiture of seized produce.
8 March 1978
February 1978
Appeal dismissed where eyewitness evidence and recent-possession linked appellants to stolen cow; five-year mandatory sentences upheld.
Criminal law – cattle theft – evidence and credibility of eyewitnesses – recent possession doctrine – alibi defence – mandatory minimum sentence.
6 February 1978
January 1978
30 January 1978
Appeal dismissed; trial court’s fine and compensation sentence for grievous harm in domestic quarrel upheld.
Criminal law – Sentencing for causing grievous harm (s.255 Penal Code) – Domestic quarrel and reconciliation as mitigating factors – Effect of guilty plea and pre-trial compensation – Appellate interference only where sentence is manifestly inadequate.
1 January 1978
Appeal dismissed where identification was reliable because the complainant knew the appellant and the incident occurred in daylight.
Criminal law – attempted theft; identification evidence – known complainant and daylight identification – appellate review of sufficiency of evidence; appeal dismissed.
1 January 1978
Appeal allowed in part: soliciting conviction upheld; convictions for receiving bribe, defacing and destroying evidence quashed for misdirection and unsafe reliance on prior statements.
* Criminal law – bribery and corruption – soliciting and receiving bribes – controlled trap with marked bank notes. * Evidence – alibi – trial court obliged to make reasoned finding when defence and prosecution versions are mutually exclusive. * Evidence – prior extra‑judicial statements – cannot be preferred over retracted in‑court testimony without proper procedure; treatment of hostile witness must follow law. * Appeal – misdirection by trial court may render convictions unsafe and warrant quashing.
1 January 1978
Conviction based on uncorroborated accomplice testimony and uncertain identification of alleged stolen property is unsafe and quashed.
Criminal law — accomplice evidence requires material independent corroboration; identification of alleged stolen property must be particularised (marks) and proved beyond reasonable doubt; unsafe conviction where accomplice testimony uncorroborated.
1 January 1978
Appellants convicted under wrong provision; correct charge carried lower maximum penalty, so three‑year sentences were unlawful and release ordered.
Wild Life Conservation Act 1974 – proper statutory charge – distinction between s.31(1) (requires licence facts) and s.10 (hunting in game reserve) – sentencing limits under s.10(d) – unlawful excessive sentence – release from custody.
1 January 1978