High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
30 judgments

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30 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
September 2015
Suit for wrongful death dismissed on appeal for lack of locus standi by plaintiff at time of filing.
Civil procedure – locus standi – claim for wrongful death – plaintiff must have legal capacity (administrator of estate) at time of instituting suit; subsequent appointment not retrospective; vague "family representative" status insufficient.
30 September 2015
An equivocal plea and defective plea-taking vitiated the conviction; proceedings were nullified and retrial declined.
Criminal procedure – Plea-taking – Equivocal or imperfect plea – Requirement to explain and have accused admit/deny every constituent – Preliminary hearing and memorandum of facts – Consequences of defective plea – Retrial discretionary; interests of justice.
30 September 2015
Appeal dismissed: identification and medical evidence upheld conviction for sodomy beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence (sodomy) – sufficiency of evidence – identification where name discrepancy – medical corroboration – reasonable doubt.
30 September 2015
A church's public announcement that an evangelist impregnated a relative was defamatory; plaintiff awarded damages, interest, apology, and costs.
Defamation – public announcement by pastor on church instructions – defamatory allegation of impregnating a relative – reputational injury of an evangelist – damages reduced as excessive; apology and interest awarded.
30 September 2015
Civil damages awards set aside for lack of admissible proof and absence of evidentiary reasons.
Civil procedure — Evidence — No fixed number of witnesses required; credibility and admissibility determinative; documentary evidence must be properly tendered and admitted; medical-report procedures in criminal cases not applicable in civil forum. Damages — Specific damages require proof by evidence/documentary exhibits; general damages require evidentiary basis and reasons by the trial court.
30 September 2015
An administrix of an intestate estate is entitled to vacant possession; rental loss claims must be proven.
Land – Ownership of disputed house established by title and mortgage discharge; Administration of intestate estate – valid appointment of administrix entitles legal representative to possession of estate property; Ex-parte proceedings – judgment entered after defendant's non-appearance; Damages for lost rent require evidence of tenancy and quantum.
30 September 2015
Bank must refund wrongly debited funds; general damages set aside for lack of reasons and evidence.
Banking law — wrongful debit of customer account; duty to reject ambiguous cheques; burden to produce cheque as evidence; general damages — requirement of reasons and evidential basis before award; appellate interference with damages where award is unsupported by reasons.
30 September 2015
Trial conducted in the accused's absence violated fair trial rights; conviction quashed and sentence set aside.
Criminal procedure – right of accused to be present and participate in trial; fair trial standards; conviction unsafe where defence not considered; nullification and quashment of proceedings; prosecution may re‑institute.
30 September 2015
Appeals were incompetently filed and proceedings nullified for failure to comply with statutory appeal time limits.
Family law – Divorce and division of matrimonial property – Appeals – Statutory time limits for appeals from Primary Courts to District Court (Magistrate's Courts Act s.20(3)) and to High Court (Law of Marriage Act s.80(2)) – Competence and nullity – Failure to seek extension/leave.
30 September 2015
Appeals filed outside statutory time limits under the Magistrates' Courts Act and Law of Marriage Act are incompetent and render subsequent proceedings null.
Civil procedure — appeals from Primary Court — time limits and competence; Magistrates' Courts Act s.20(3). Family law — appeals under Law of Marriage Act s.80(2) — 45-day limitation. Nullity — proceedings emanating from incompetent appeals are void and cannot support further appeals. Procedural non-compliance bars substantive adjudication.
30 September 2015
Whether a deed-extended mortgage and auction sale validly secured recovery of a syndicated loan and entitled lenders to judgment.
Mortgage law – discharge of an original mortgage; extension of security by deed of variation to cover syndicated loans. Receivership and sale – appointment of receivers, public auction by auctioneer, validity of auction sale and acquisition of good title. Guarantees – scope of guarantor’s obligations; guarantor was the deceased, not the administrator/son. Syndicated lending – liability of borrower and guarantors and entitlement of lenders to recover outstanding syndicated indebtedness with contractual commercial interest.
29 September 2015
Conviction quashed where handwriting report alone and conflicted witness evidence failed to prove armed robbery beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – sufficiency of evidence; Caution statements – admissibility – voluntariness inquiry required in court; Handwriting expert report cannot substitute for in‑court inquiry; Witness credibility – conflict of interest (Boda Boda witnesses); Failure to tender weapon or recover stolen property undermines conviction.
28 September 2015
Caution statement admitted on handwriting evidence alone is insufficient; prosecution failed to prove armed robbery beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal procedure – caution statement repudiated by accused – admissibility requires inquiry into voluntariness and calling independent witnesses; handwriting report alone insufficient; evidence must prove charge beyond reasonable doubt – contradictions, missing weapon and potential witness bias fatal to prosecution.
28 September 2015
28 September 2015
22 September 2015
An appeal filed to the District Court out of the statutory thirty-day limit without leave is jurisdictionally void and must be quashed.
Civil procedure – Appeal time limits – Section 20(3) Magistrates' Courts Act – Appeal filed out of time without leave deprives appellate court of jurisdiction; time limitation is jurisdictional, not a mere technicality; nullity and quashing of proceedings.
21 September 2015
Appeal struck out for failure to file a valid notice of intention to appeal within statutory time.
Criminal procedure – notice of intention to appeal – Section 359(1) & 361(1)(a) Criminal Procedure Act – requirement that aggrieved person (or legally authorized agent) give notice within ten days – letters requesting copies and notices by relatives/prison officers lacking authority do not suffice – late filing renders appeal incompetent.
18 September 2015
Where an appeal is available judicial review is inappropriate; illicit drug trafficking is prima facie non-bailable.
Judicial review v. appeal – appellate remedy must be exhausted; statutory time limits for leave to apply for certiorari. Criminal Procedure – bail – illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs under Cap. 95 is prima facie non-bailable under s.148(5)(a)(ii), independent of Commissioner's certificate.
18 September 2015
Appellate court affirmed that the respondent's truck was unlawfully detained and dismissed the appellant's appeal with costs.
Civil procedure — Appeal — appellate review of trial court's evaluation of evidence; Detention/seizure of property — unlawful attachment of vehicle; Burden of proof — s. 110 Evidence Act — party alleging facts must prove them; Failure to call supporting witnesses — adverse inference.
16 September 2015
Adoption granted where abandoned child’s best interests met and applicant shown suitable, with social welfare consent and investigation.
Family law – Adoption – Best interests of the child where child abandoned and biological parents unknown – Director of Social Welfare consent and Social Investigation Report as supporting evidence; Suitability of adopter – assessment of capacity, home visits and guardian ad litem report; Adoption order – change of child’s name and notification to Registrar General.
14 September 2015
Withdrawal of charges can terminate prosecution in plaintiff's favour, but reasonable and probable cause defeats malicious prosecution claim.
Malicious prosecution – elements required: prosecution by defendant, termination in plaintiff's favour, lack of reasonable and probable cause, malice and damage. Withdrawal of charges – can constitute termination in favour of plaintiff for malicious prosecution claims. Reasonable and probable cause – honest belief based on reasonable grounds; reporting and prosecuting alleged statutory breaches may provide such cause. Vicarious liability and damages – plaintiff must prove absence of reasonable cause and malice and resultant loss.
11 September 2015
Court upheld convictions of two accused known to witnesses but quashed convictions of three for unreliable identification.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – Visual identification at night; identification parade necessity where witnesses knew accused; inadmissibility of oral confession not tendered; sufficiency of corroborative evidence and effect of failure to tender weapons/stolen items; Evidence Act ss.122,143.
10 September 2015
Appellate court held prosecution proved the appellant's theft by servant; Exhibit P1 corroborated and appeal dismissed.
Theft by servant; admissibility and weight of written admissions (Exhibit P1); corroboration of admissions; proof beyond reasonable doubt under sections 258 and 271 Penal Code; appellate reevaluation on first appeal.
9 September 2015
Failure of a successor magistrate to inform accused of their section 214(1) rights vitiates proceedings and requires retrial.
Criminal procedure – Change of magistrate – Section 214(1) Criminal Procedure Act – Duty of successor magistrate to inform accused of right to demand re‑summoning/re‑hearing of witnesses – Non‑compliance is a fatal irregularity – Remedy: quash proceedings and order retrial.
7 September 2015
Security contractor found liable for theft losses; must process insurance, indemnify defendant and pay capped compensation offsettable against invoices.
Contract — security services — duty to guard client property — negligence for failure to protect goods leading to theft. Evidence — joint inspection reports and police report accepted to prove occurrence and valuation of thefts. Contractual indemnity — obligation to process insurance claims and indemnify client; residual liability capped at THz50,000,000 or 70% of loss. Remedies — insurer indemnification plus capped contractual compensation, offset against outstanding invoices; costs to successful party.
4 September 2015
Failure to pass sentence after conviction renders the judgment defective and warrants remittal to the trial court.
Criminal procedure – Conviction without sentence – mandatory duty to pass sentence under s235(1) CPA – "shall" construed per s53(2) Interpretation of Laws Act; Judgment requirements – s312(2) Criminal Procedure Code – judgment must specify punishment; Remedy – remit to trial court to pass sentence; warrant of commitment does not cure absence of sentencing order.
2 September 2015
Appeal against conviction for falsifying loan forms dismissed; evidence and disciplinary procedure found proper.
Criminal law – military offences – making false entries in official/loan documents; Evidence – handwriting and stamp expert analysis; Procedural law – compliance with Defence Forces (Disciplinary) Regulations ( Regulation 112.05/112.40 ); Natural justice – right to be heard and reasons for conviction; Admissions by injured parties do not necessarily exculpate processor of forged documents.
2 September 2015
Appeal dismissed: military court conviction for making false entries upheld; procedural and evidence grounds fail.
Military law – Code of Service Discipline S.C.61(a) – making false entries; Forgery of official signatures and stamps; Handwriting expert evidence; Natural justice and right to be heard; Compliance with Defence Forces (Disciplinary) Regulations (Reg.112.05(21)(f),(g)(ii) and Reg.112.40); Appellate review of court-martial procedure.
2 September 2015
Circumstantial evidence that appellant had exclusive control of the office key supported conviction; omnibus sentence upheld despite procedural defect.
Criminal law – circumstantial evidence – conviction may follow where circumstances are inconsistent with innocence; Omnibus conviction and sentence – procedural irregularity not necessarily fatal absent miscarriage of justice; Credibility and contradictions – inconsistencies in accused’s explanation and documentary records (key book) strengthen circumstantial case.
2 September 2015
Applicant granted extension and stay pending review of ex parte judgment to prevent irreparable loss.
Extension of time to apply for review; stay of execution pending review; ex parte judgment consequences; irreparable harm; refusal to impose security condition.
2 September 2015