High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
25 judgments

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25 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2016
Applicant failed to show a triable issue or irreparable harm to obtain an injunction preventing sale of mortgaged properties.
Civil procedure — Interlocutory injunction — Application to restrain bank from selling mortgaged properties — Atilio v Mbowe test applied: triable issue, irreparable injury, balance of convenience — Adequacy of damages and evidence required to show damages would be inadequate.
30 June 2016
Application for security for costs struck out because the supporting affidavit lacked specificity about the deponent’s status and authority.
Civil procedure – security for costs – competency of supporting affidavit – requirement to specify deponent’s status and authority to depose on behalf of multiple applicants. Civil procedure – High Court (Commercial Division) Procedure Rules, 2012 – Rule 63(b) – court’s power to strike out defective applications suo motu. Pleadings and representation – inconsistent pleadings and non-participation by some applicants undermine affidavit sufficiency.
30 June 2016
Appeal allowed where recorded plea was ambiguous and facts did not support a guilty plea to shop breaking.
Criminal law — Guilty plea — Requirement of unequivocal plea supported by clear facts — Facts and exhibits must link to charged offence — s.360(1) Criminal Procedure Act limits appeals only where plea is unequivocal.
29 June 2016
An equivocal guilty plea based on ambiguous facts renders the conviction unsafe and must be quashed.
Criminal law – plea of guilty – requirement of an unequivocal plea – ambiguous facts and uncertain identification render plea equivocal and conviction unsafe.
29 June 2016
Delay in obtaining judgment copies does not, by itself, justify extension of time to appeal in matrimonial proceedings.
Civil Procedure / Family Law – extension of time to appeal – "sufficient reason" – discretionary inquiry. Law of Marriage Act s.80 – no mandatory requirement to attach copies of judgment/decree to appeal filed in magistrate's court. Distinction from Civil Procedure Code (Order XXXIX Rule 1) where copies are mandatory – Benedict Mumello distinguished. Alternative remedy of record perusal available; delay in supply of copies not necessarily sufficient cause.
28 June 2016
27 June 2016
Failure to inform accused of s.214(1) rights upon magistrate transfer vitiates proceedings and mandates a retrial.
Criminal Procedure Act s.214(1) – transfer of trial magistrate – duty to inform accused of right to have previously recorded witnesses re-summoned and re-heard – discretion in 'may' construed in favour of fair trial – failure to inform is fatal irregularity – proceedings and judgment nullity – retrial de novo ordered.
25 June 2016
Appeal dismissed: charge and assessor participation valid; offences of impersonation and false pretence proven; costs order set aside.
Criminal procedure — validity of charge; Primary Courts — role of assessors and effect of omitted signature; Criminal law — impersonation (s.369) and obtaining by false pretence (s.302) — elements and proof; Distinction between civil land disputes and criminal fraud; Costs in criminal proceedings.
24 June 2016
Appellant’s convictions for impersonation and obtaining by false pretence affirmed; procedural complaints and assessors’ participation were not fatal.
Criminal law – impersonation (s.369 Penal Code) – obtaining by false pretence (s.302 Penal Code) – validity of charge sheet; Procedure – Primary Court assessors’ participation and signatures; Evidence – standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt; Costs – award of costs in criminal proceedings.
24 June 2016
Representative-suit acceptable despite one unsigned claimant, but supporting affidavit lacked jurat place/date and application was struck out.
Civil procedure – Representative suit – Order I Rule 8 – requirement that persons to be represented signify consent by signing list; absence of one signature among many remedied by deletion rather than striking out. Civil procedure – Citation – omission of Chapter number when citing Civil Procedure Code not fatal where only one Code applies. Evidence/Procedure – Affidavit jurat – Section 8 Notaries Public and Commissioners for Oaths Act requires place and date in jurat; failure renders affidavit incurably defective.
24 June 2016
High Court lacks jurisdiction over internal religious society management disputes; suit struck out for wrong forum.
Jurisdiction – High Court jurisdiction over internal religious society disputes; Article 19(2) Constitution – limits on court intervention in religious affairs; Civil Procedure Code s.13 – suit must be instituted in lowest competent court; Societies/BAKWATA – primacy of internal dispute-resolution mechanisms and administrative hierarchy.
20 June 2016
Application for Mareva injunction dismissed for wrong citation; court not properly moved under cited Civil Procedure provisions.
Mareva (freezing) injunction — Common law remedy — Proper statutory basis — Wrong citation of Order XLIII Rule 2, s.68(e) and s.95 Civil Procedure Code — Discretionary supplemental and inherent powers insufficient to ground Mareva order — Merchandise Marks Regulations 2008 contain freezing orders but different scope — Court must be properly moved.
20 June 2016
A valid DPP certificate under s.36(2) EOCCA (writing, prejudice to safety/interests, pending case) bars grant of bail.
Criminal procedure – Bail – Director of Public Prosecutions’ certificate under s.36(2) EOCCA – Validity criteria: written, effect on safety/interests, relates to pending criminal matter – certificate lawfully bars bail if criteria met.* Constitutional law – Effect of Constitutional Court ruling on s.148(4) CPA – High Court’s duty to follow Court of Appeal precedent regarding DPP certificates.* Precedent – Hierarchy of courts and binding effect of Court of Appeal decisions on High Court determinations of DPP certificates.
17 June 2016
A valid DPP certificate under s36(2) bars bail; Court of Appeal precedent upheld, bail application dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Bail – DPP’s certificate under s36(2) Economic and Organized Crimes Control Act – Validity criteria (writing; likely prejudice to safety/interests of Republic; relates to pending criminal matter) – Interaction with Constitutional Court ruling on s148(4) CPA – Doctrine of precedent and binding effect of Court of Appeal decision.
17 June 2016
Conviction quashed due to unsafe visual identification and uncorroborated, contradictory arrest evidence.
Criminal law — armed robbery; stabbing. Evidence — visual identification at night — must be watertight; risk of mistaken identity. Prosecution omissions — failure to call crucial corroborating witness (owner of house). Inconsistent witness accounts and uncorroborated arrest vitiate conviction.
15 June 2016
Default judgment entered where defendant failed to file defence; arbitration pursuit did not prevent judgment; publication required before execution.
Commercial law – Default judgment – High Court (Commercial Division) Procedure Rules 2012 r.22(1), r.22(2) and r.67(3) – entry of judgment where defendant fails to file defence. Arbitration – Effect of defendant withholding defence to pursue arbitration – interlocutory refusal to refer to arbitration not bar to default judgment. Remedies – declaratory relief, principal and interest awards, compensation for legal services, costs; publication requirement before execution of decree.
15 June 2016
Appeal against trial court's refusal to admit documents was interlocutory and therefore incompetent under section 43(2) MCA.
Criminal procedure – interlocutory order – refusal to admit documentary evidence – appealability – section 43(2) Magistrate's Courts Act (as amended) – finality test – remittal of record.
13 June 2016
Identification by known witnesses and an admission to an accomplice upheld conviction; appeal dismissed.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – visual identification by known witnesses – reliability where witnesses knew accused prior to incident and were together with him at material time. Criminal law – Confession/admission to co-witness – corroboration by accomplice’s evidence. Evidence – No fixed number of witnesses; non-production of owner/registration not fatal if other evidence proves offence. Criminal procedure – Requirement to state substance of charge and call for plea (s.228(1) CPA).
13 June 2016
Failure to cite section 16 of the Arbitration Act renders a petition to set aside an arbitral award incompetent and incurable.
Arbitration — setting aside award — petition must cite enabling provision (section 16 Arbitration Act) — Rules 5 and 6 procedural only and cannot substitute for statutory jurisdictional basis. Civil procedure — wrong/non‑citation of law renders application incompetent and incurable; petition struck out. Extension of time — section 95 CPC/Article 107A(2)(e) cannot be used to cure substantive statutory omission once petition is incompetent.
12 June 2016
A bank unjustifiably refused to credit a valid cheque; plaintiff awarded the cheque amount, damages and account reopening.
Bills of Exchange Act – cheque as bill of exchange – holder for value – statutory presumption under section 30(2) and burden to rebut it. Evidence Act – burden where fact is especially within knowledge of a party (s115) and general burden of proof (s110). Bank duties – return or notify payee upon refusal to pay a cheque; countermand of payment must be proved. Counterclaim for recovery of mistaken payments – requirement to prove mistake or unlawful procurement.
10 June 2016
Court granted interim injunction restraining eviction pending trial, finding triable issues, potential irreparable harm, and balance of convenience favouring the applicant.
Land law – Lease – Temporary injunction to restrain eviction pending trial – Test for interim injunction: prima facie triable issues; irreparable harm; balance of convenience – Eviction by locking gates not necessarily completed – Court may consider defendant’s ability to satisfy damages – Order XXXVII R.3 CPC.
3 June 2016
Appellate court upholds robbery conviction: reliable visual recognition, admissible caution statement, and unproven alibi; appeal dismissed.
Criminal law – Robbery with violence – visual identification and recognition – application of Waziri Amani principles; Criminal procedure – Cautioned/confession statement admissibility – failure to object and allegations of torture; Criminal procedure – Defence of alibi – s.194(4) CPA notice requirement and appellate scrutiny; Fair trial – complaints of hearing impairment and denial of witnesses assessed against trial record.
3 June 2016
Negligence of an advocate does not constitute sufficient cause to extend time to lodge a notice of appeal.
Appellate procedure – extension of time under section 11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act – requirement to show good/sufficient cause; Procedural law – negligence or oversight of counsel ordinarily not sufficient cause to enlarge statutory time; Appeal filing – judgment or decree not required to lodge a notice of appeal; Discretionary relief – courts must refuse extensions based on sympathy for counsel’s mistakes.
3 June 2016
Committal proceedings are not unconstitutional but require legislative reform to protect fair trial rights and prevent delay.
Criminal procedure – Committal proceedings – Sections 244 and 245(1)–(3) CPA – Constitutional right to be heard (Art.13(6)(a)) – Prima facie assessment – Role of DPP and subordinate courts – Remedies for delay – Recommendation for legislative reform.
2 June 2016
Appeal from District Court in appellate jurisdiction was time-barred; waiting for judgment copies did not extend limitation period.
Appeals — Time limitation — Appeal from District Court exercising appellate or revisional jurisdiction governed by s.25(1)(b) Magistrates Courts Act (30 days) — s.80 Law of Marriage Act (45 days) inapplicable to appellate jurisdiction — s.19(2) Law of Limitation Act (exclusion for obtaining copies) not applicable — failure to obtain leave/extension renders appeal time-barred.
1 June 2016