High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
37 judgments

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37 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
September 2017
A High Court is functus officio and cannot quash its own final judgment in a fresh suit; appeal or revision is required.
Civil procedure – functus officio – High Court lacks jurisdiction to quash its final judgment in a fresh suit; allegations of fraud require appeal or revision to a higher court.
15 September 2017
Applicants charged with unloading restricted goods granted bail with apportioned cash/title-deed security and strict reporting and surety conditions.
* Bail – offences under Customs and Economic and Organized Crime statutes – whether bailable – not within non-bailable categories. * Bail quantum – application of sharing principle among multiple accused – apportionment of monetary burden. * Bail security – cash deposit or title deeds; requirement for land/title clearance and approval of sureties by Resident Magistrate. * Bail conditions – surrender of travel documents, regional travel restriction, weekly police reporting, court attendance.
5 September 2017
August 2017
Money laundering charges are statutorily non‑bailable and the High Court will not assess charge sufficiency at the bail stage.
* Criminal procedure – bail – Money laundering offences declared non‑bailable by statute – written laws amendment barring bail for Anti‑Money Laundering Act offences. * Criminal procedure – jurisdiction – High Court may assess charge particulars when case is before it for trial, but not at preliminary bail stage pending committal. * Criminal procedure – charge sufficiency and striking out counts – premature in bail proceedings; revisional or trial forum appropriate. * Allegations of malicious prosecution or malicious preferring of charges require evidence and cannot be decided on bail.
30 August 2017
Wrong-patient surgery due to file mix-up amounted to medical negligence, causing compensable permanent injury and damages.
* Medical negligence – mistaken identity/misfiled records leading to wrong-site/wrong-patient surgery – liability for professional negligence and resulting injury. * Personal injury damages – assessment of pecuniary (loss of earnings, cost of domestic help) and non-pecuniary (pain, suffering, loss of amenities) damages; interest on award. * Employer’s post-incident obligations – entitlement to continued salary/benefits if dismissed until compulsory retirement.
30 August 2017
Bail application struck out because prior High Court rulings upheld a valid DPP certificate, rendering the court functus officio.
* Criminal procedure — Bail — DPP certificate under section 36(2) EOCCA — validity prevents grant of bail when certificate passes validity test. * Procedural law — Functus officio — effect of prior final ruling by same court on identical reliefs. * Remedies — Alleged errors in prior High Court rulings to be addressed by appellate review (Court of Appeal).
17 August 2017
High Court had jurisdiction and granted bail in bailable EOCCA charges subject to statutory mandatory conditions.
Bail – EOCCA jurisdiction – High Court competence to hear bail while case pending in Resident Magistrate’s Court; bail as right for bailable offences; mandatory conditions under section 36(5) and (6) EOCCA; calculation of deposit/security and principle of sharing among multiple accused; sureties and surrender of travel documents; reporting and verification requirements.
10 August 2017
July 2017
An appeal was struck out for failing to attach the correct judgment/decree and for fatal misnaming and inconsistencies in parties.
• Civil Procedure – Appeal requirements – Order XXXIX Rule 1(1): mandatory accompaniment of memorandum by decree and judgment appealed from. • Civil Procedure – Competency of appeal – effect of wrong year, misnaming of parties and impleading of a party not in judgment. • Civil Procedure – Amendment – limits of Order XXXIX Rule 3 and amendment powers after filing and service; when defects are incurable. • Pleadings – misnomer/misjoinder – curable only where defect confined to appeal documents, not where trial record differs.
21 July 2017
June 2017
A Notice of Appeal by the DPP removes the matter from the High Court and warrants staying the applicants' bail hearing.
* Criminal procedure – bail application – affidavit verification – deponent must specify what is from personal knowledge and what is on information and belief; failure to disclose source may render specific paragraphs defective. * Remedy – defective paragraphs may be expunged where defect is not fatal to entire affidavit. * Appellate procedure – Notice of Appeal to Court of Appeal initiates appeal and, once lodged, transfers dealing with the matter to the Court of Appeal; High Court should stay related proceedings pending appeal. * DPP’s statutory right to appeal – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s6(2) and Court of Appeal Rules s68.
16 June 2017
A valid DPP certificate under s.36(2) ECOCCA prevents the court from granting bail until withdrawn.
Bail — DPP certificate under s.36(2) ECOCCA — validity and effect; Constitutionality — s.36(2) ECOCCA not automatically unconstitutional despite similarity to other struck provisions; Precedent — DPP v. Li Ling Ling; DPP v. Ally Nur Dirie — certificate bars grant of bail when valid; Counter-affidavit noting applicants' character does not prevent DPP filing certificate.
8 June 2017
A valid DPP s.36(2) certificate that meets statutory criteria bars the court from admitting an accused to bail.
• Criminal procedure – Bail – DPP certificate under s.36(2) ECOCCA objecting bail; validity and effect. • Statutory citation – omission of "as amended" or reference to unrevised edition not fatal where section unchanged by amendment. • Requirement of reasons – s.36(2) does not oblige DPP to state reasons; written certification suffices. • Precedent – DPP v. Ally Nur Dirie and DPP v. Li Ling Ling: conditions for valid certificate.
5 June 2017
Insufficient identification and lack of corroboration rendered the robbery-with-violence conviction unsafe and was quashed.
* Criminal law – robbery with violence – identification evidence – adequacy of description, light intensity and proximity. * Corroboration – uncorroborated evidence of co-accused unsafe to sustain conviction. * Standard of proof – prosecution must prove all ingredients beyond reasonable doubt.
5 June 2017
May 2017
A notice of appeal in a separate matter does not stay unrelated main suit proceedings; ex parte hearing was ordered to proceed.
Civil procedure – Notice of appeal – Whether an appeal in a separate proceeding stays the main suit – Ex parte hearing where no written statement of defence filed – Order VIII Rule 1 CPC; reliance on TECHLONG PACKAGING (CA) and Nur (HC) precedents.
19 May 2017
A valid DPP certificate under section 36(2) of the Act prevents the court from granting bail to the applicant.
Criminal procedure — DPP certificate under s.36(2) ECOCCA — Validity and effect of certificate denying bail — Procedural formalities for filing — No obligation to state detailed reasons — Prior CPA invalidation not automatically affecting s.36(2) — Court of Appeal precedent binding.
17 May 2017
Investigating officer may record a caution statement under amended s.58; minor citation/time defects not fatal to admissibility.
* Criminal procedure – admissibility of caution statements – s.58 CPA and effect of Written Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act No.3/2011 (inserting s.58(4)). * Whether investigating police officer may record caution statements and potential prejudice. * Requirement to inform accused of allegations (s.53) – sufficiency of identifying statute by chapter. * Distinction between s.57 (Q&A) and s.58 (narration). * Defects that go to the root as test for inadmissibility.
12 May 2017
Leave to appeal denied where applicant failed to show a prima facie arguable appeal or novel point of law.
Leave to appeal – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.5(1)(c) and Court of Appeal Rules r.45(a) – test for leave: question of general importance, novel point of law, or prima facie/arguable appeal – leave refused where applicant only amplifies grievances – dismissal with costs.
10 May 2017
A valid DPP certificate under s36(2) EOCCA bars bail even if filed late and without detailed reasons.
* Bail — Economic crime — DPP's certificate under s36(2) EOCCA — validity requirements: writing; effect (safety/interests likely prejudiced); related to pending criminal matter. * Timing — late or same-day filing does not invalidate a valid DPP certificate. * No statutory duty for the DPP to provide detailed reasons in the certificate. * EOCCA s36(2) is distinct from CPA s148; CPA decisions do not automatically affect EOCCA provision.
4 May 2017
April 2017
Bail application struck out because applicants cited incorrect enabling provisions, rendering the application incompetent.
* Procedural law – preliminary objection – competence of application – effect of citing incorrect or non-enabling statutory provisions – remedy of striking out application.* Bail – jurisdictional provision – necessity to cite proper enabling provision (s.29(4)(d)) where subject matter exceeds statutory threshold.
20 April 2017
March 2017
A valid DPP certificate under section 36(2) EOCCA bars court consideration of bail pending committal; typographical citation errors are curable.
* Criminal procedure – Bail – Economic offences – Effect of DPP’s certificate under section 36(2) EOCCA objecting to bail – validity requires writing, statement that safety/interests of the Republic likely prejudiced, and relation to pending criminal case. * Pleadings – Typographical error in statutory citation – curable if no prejudice. * Statutory interpretation – EOCCA’s specific regime governs pretrial procedure; CPA authorities are not automatically applicable.
30 March 2017
A valid DPP certificate under s.36(2) EOCCA bars bail, but court may defer decision to allow DPP review.
* Criminal procedure – Bail – DPP's certificate under s.36(2) EOCCA – Validity requires written certification that safety or interests of the Republic likely prejudiced and relation to pending criminal case; timing not a validity requirement; valid certificate bars grant of bail. * Courts must balance presumption of innocence and liberty against public interest and may defer bail determination to allow DPP review.
29 March 2017
24 March 2017
Allegation that court is functus officio rejected because the objection raised issues requiring evidential proof, not pure law.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection must raise a pure point of law; issues of functus officio/res judicata/setting aside a consent decree that require factual proof are not suitable for preliminary objection; such matters to be determined on the merits with evidence; preliminary objection overruled with costs.
21 March 2017
Appellate court adjusted property division recognising non-monetary contributions and improvements to pre‑marital assets.
Matrimonial property division; contribution (monetary and non-monetary) to acquisition and improvement of assets; improvements to pre-marital property under s.114(3) Law of Marriage Act; appellate adjustment of trial court’s asset division.
20 March 2017
The petitioner’s constitutional challenge to law society regulations was struck out for lack of locus standi and unexhausted alternative remedies.
Constitutional petition – locus standi – requirement to prove current membership/interest; Affidavit requirements – Order XIX r.3 – exclusion of arguments, conclusions and legal opinions; Jurisdictional bar – exhaustion of adequate alternative remedies under section 8(2) of the Basic Rights and Duties Enforcement Act – availability of judicial review; Challenge to law society regulations – procedural defects (authority to sign) are matters for judicial review.
16 March 2017
1 March 2017
1 March 2017
February 2017
14 February 2017
Water authority negligent over an unsecured trench causing a child’s drowning; plaintiff awarded general damages; special damages unproven.
Negligence — municipal water authority's duty to ensure safe installation and inspection of water works in residential areas; contributory negligence by caregiver; failure to prove special damages — entitlement to general damages and costs.
10 February 2017
The applicant is entitled to refund of USD100,000 where the respondent admitted receipt but failed to prove refund.
Contract — sale of immovable property; written agreement not admitted as exhibit — annexures not part of record unless tendered; burden of proof persists despite defendant’s default; deposit refund where defendant admits receipt but fails to prove refund; failure to prove special damages/renovation nexus; interest and costs awarded.
10 February 2017
Court overruled jurisdictional and illegality objections, finding the dispute arises from consultancy, not employment.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – jurisdiction – Labour Court vs High Court – nature of relationship (consultancy/contract for service v contract of service) – National Social Security Fund contributions – alleged illegality premature at preliminary objection stage – costs awarded.
10 February 2017
Administratrix’s wrongful-death claim dismissed for failing to plead or prove dependants as required by statute.
Fatal accidents law – Law Reform (Fatal Accidents and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act (Cap 310) s.4 – wrongful-death actions must be brought for benefit of deceased’s dependants – administratrix must plead and prove dependants; vicarious liability – employer liable for employee’s negligent driving; damages – assessment requires evidence of dependency.
10 February 2017
9 February 2017
Whether a sale payable by instalments is enforceable when purchaser defaults and what remedies (rescission, refund, title rectification) follow.
Land law – contract for disposition of right of occupancy – written sale agreement payable by instalments – purchaser’s failure to comply with payment schedule constitutes fundamental breach – vendor’s right to rescind; authenticity of transfer/ tripartite documents contested – proof of payments and indirect payments (tax and third‑party payments) – remedy: refund and title rectification under Land Registration Act.
9 February 2017
Failure to receive the dismissal order and reassignment of the judge justified a short extension to seek restoration.
Civil procedure – extension of time – application under Order XXXIX r.19 and s.14(1) Limitation Act – failure to be furnished with dismissal order and reassignment of judge as sufficient cause for brief delay – merits of intended restoration not determinative for extension.
8 February 2017
Applicant lacked locus standi because he failed to prove identity linking the loan name to the claimant; suit struck out.
* Land law – mortgage and sale by auction – collateral identification and sale procedure * Civil procedure – locus standi – requirement to prove legal interest and identity before asserting rights * Evidence – identity proof – documentary evidence and corroborating witnesses required to link different names * Auction of secured property – relevance of loan documents, demand notices and transfer to debt collector
8 February 2017
8 February 2017
Whether allocation and licensing powers for hunting blocks rest with the Director of Wildlife or with the defendant association.
Wildlife law — allocation of hunting blocks — licensing authority vested in Director of Wildlife — Memorandum of Understanding limited to execution of quota/permit — alleged payments were donations, not consideration — no breach, no recoverable damages.
8 February 2017
A valid DPP certificate under s.36(2) need not state detailed reasons and bars bail until withdrawn or proceedings end.
Bail — Economic and Organized Crime Control Act (Cap.200) s.36(2) — Effect of DPP certificate objecting bail; validity requirements: written certification, statement that safety/interests of the Republic likely prejudiced, relates to pending criminal proceedings — s.36(3) duration of certificate — No statutory duty to provide detailed reasons — Precedents: DPP v Li Ling Ling; DPP v Ally Nuru Dirie.
7 February 2017