High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
205 judgments

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205 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2022
Municipal acquisition without statutory procedure: customary owners entitled to valuation-based compensation, damages and costs.
Land law – customary land – acquisition for public purpose – Land Acquisition Act requirements (notice, service, Gazette) – failure to follow statutory procedure – valuation for compensation – entitlement to compensation and general damages for delayed payment.
16 December 2022
Whether the High Court may suo motu nullify administrator appointments and whether it may revoke/appoint administrators on probate appeals from Primary Court.
Appellate jurisdiction – certification of point of law – whether High Court may raise appointment issue suo motu and nullify appointments without hearing – whether High Court can revoke and appoint administrators in probate appeals originating from Primary Court.
16 December 2022
15 December 2022
Whether plaintiffs alleging customary ownership can overcome a lawful survey, allocation and execution order.
Land law – Ownership dispute between customary occupiers and a surveyed/allotted plot; validity of survey and allocation; execution of tribunal decree and legality of demolition; proof required for customary title and compensation claims; weight of documentary evidence (allocation, registration, valuation).
15 December 2022
Extension of time granted due to apparent illegality from reliance on an unadmitted exhibit despite unexplained delay.
Extension of time – section 11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act – requirement to account for each day of delay – exception where illegality exists – illegality need not be strictly apparent on face of record – reliance on unadmitted/ unmarked exhibit (P3) as basis of decision constitutes sufficient illegality to grant extension.
15 December 2022
Administrator's claim dismissed; municipal allocation irregular and purchaser lawfully occupies the plot despite the voided offer.
* Land law – survey and allocation – requirement of notice and compensation to existing occupiers; irregular survey/allocation renders the allocation flawed. * Land law – customary ownership – continued customary title until lawful acquisition; right to sell under customary title when acquisition procedures not followed. * Right of occupancy – development conditions and rent obligations – failure to comply may render offer ineffective. * Trespass – purchaser from customary owner in lawful occupation not a trespasser where municipal procedure was defective.
12 December 2022
A civil suit cannot re-open or set aside a closed probate/administration; remedies are appeal, revision, or suit against the administrator personally.
* Probate and Administration — jurisdiction — effect of court closing probate/administration (functus officio) — civil suit cannot re-open concluded probate proceedings. * Probate procedure — inventory, accounts, inspection, caveat, citation and contentious procedure. * Remedies — appeal/revision against probate order; suit against administrator personally for misconduct; criminal prosecution for fraud. * Public policy — finality of probate proceedings prevents collateral civil challenges to closed estates.
12 December 2022
8 December 2022
November 2022
Plaintiff entitled to repayment, interest and damages after court found an oral supply agreement breached and payments misapplied.
Contract law – Oral agreement for supply of goods – Proof by credible oral testimony and documentary evidence (order and bank slips); Breach for non‑delivery; Restitution of advance payments; Interest and general damages for loss of business circulation.
25 November 2022
11 November 2022
11 November 2022
Employees of a public corporation must exhaust Public Service Act remedies before approaching the CMA, ousting the CMA's jurisdiction.
Public Service Act s.32A – jurisdiction – employees of public corporations treated as public servants – requirement to exhaust Public Service Act remedies before CMA – premature CMA proceedings rendered illegal; statutory tension between finality of Presidential decision and access to labour fora.
9 November 2022
October 2022
Failure to file the statutory notice and to comply with Rule 24(3) rendered the labour revision incompetent and it was struck out.
* Labour law – Revision of CMA award – Requirement to file notice of intention to apply for revision under Regulation 34(1) GN. 47/2017 – mandatory compliance. * Civil procedure – Affidavit formalities – Rule 24(3)(a)-(c) Labour Court Rules GN. 106/2007 – addresses and description of parties and issues – non-compliance renders affidavit defective. * Procedure – Pleadings – raising new issues in submissions (travelling outside the pleadings) is impermissible. * Public law – non-joinder of Attorney General for public corporation at revision stage not permissible when not party at CMA.
28 October 2022
28 October 2022
Title issued during an unresolved boundary/ownership dispute is invalid; concurrent factual findings upheld and appeal dismissed.
Land law – boundary and ownership disputes; validity of survey and title issued during unresolved dispute; concurrent findings of fact on appeal; titles obtained amid dispute are void.
28 October 2022
A title issued after a disputed survey is invalid; appellate court upheld concurrent findings and dismissed the appeal with costs.
Land law – Survey and titling – Validity of title issued during ongoing ownership/boundary dispute – Concurrent findings of fact on appeal – Burden of proof and possession evidence; credibility assessment; title obtained during dispute may be void.
28 October 2022
A primary court may consolidate probate objections with the petition; clan meetings are not mandatory; applicant's appeal dismissed.
* Probate law – appointment of administrator – clan/family meeting is customary, not statutory – minutes helpful but not mandatory. * Probate procedure – objections at primary court often raise factual issues – magistrate may consolidate objection with petition. * Evidence – allegations of prior distribution require proof.
28 October 2022
Court allowed correction of clerical slips under section 96 CPC, accepting a letter application under Order XLIII r.2 exceptions.
Civil Procedure — Section 96 CPC — correction of clerical or arithmetical mistakes; Order XLIII r.2 CPC — general requirement for chamber summons supported by affidavit and exceptions (oral application, unanimous memorandum, other appropriate mode); requirement to afford parties hearing before correction; practice of consulting court before invoking exceptions.
27 October 2022
Taxation during a pending appeal was improper; apportionment and contingency-based instruction fees were unlawful.
* Civil procedure — Taxation of bill of costs — Jurisdiction — Taxation impermissible where notice of appeal to Court of Appeal is pending. * Costs — Apportionment — Parties to litigation treated equally in taxation absent court order; Attorney General is a proper party. * Advocates' fees — Instruction/contingency fees — Instruction fees must be based on pleaded subject matter and prescribed scales; basing fees on decretal sum (contingency percentage) is improper.
27 October 2022
Court granted extension of time to appeal after accepting registry delay and exercising discretion to disregard a short unexplained lapse.
* Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) and Land Disputes Courts Act s.41(2) – delay caused by registry/typing problems – accounting for delay – overriding objective and exercise of judicial discretion.
27 October 2022
21 October 2022
11 October 2022
11 October 2022
11 October 2022
Applicant's unsubstantiated negotiation claims failed to justify 370‑day delay; CMA's refusal to extend time was upheld.
Labour law – extension of time/condonation – applicant must account for entire delay, show diligence, and provide evidence supporting claimed negotiations or referrals; mere uncorroborated assertions insufficient – discretionary refusal by CMA upheld.
7 October 2022
7 October 2022
Extension of time denied: unpaid-salary claim accrued when each salary fell due; applicant failed to account for delay.
Labour law – extension of time – accrual of cause of action for unpaid salaries – whether cause of action arises on each falling due or on employer’s death – requirement to account for each day of delay when seeking extension of time.
6 October 2022
Labour dispute founded on a CMA award was filed in the wrong forum; proper remedy is execution in the High Court Labour Division.
Labour law — jurisdiction — enforcement of CMA awards — proper forum is High Court Labour Division; Public Service Act and Teachers Service Commission Act — civil‑service dispute resolution schemes; wrongful filing in District Court; execution of arbitral/labour awards.
4 October 2022
Reporting an alleged commercial fraud was not malicious prosecution; appeal dismissed with costs.
Malicious prosecution — elements: institution by defendant; want of reasonable and probable cause; malice; termination favorable to plaintiff — burden on plaintiff. Acquittal not determinative of malice. New facts cannot be introduced in appellate submissions; appeals constitute rehearings limited to the record.
4 October 2022
Child’s prompt identification plus medical corroboration upheld rape conviction despite reporting delay.
* Criminal law – Rape of a child – Victim’s contemporaneous identification and in‑court identification – Corroboration by medical examination. * Delay in reporting – Explanation may excuse otherwise prejudicial delay. * Hearsay – conviction must be based on direct evidence; prosecution discretion on witness selection. * Alibi – notice and proof required. * No legal obligation to report to local leaders before police.
3 October 2022
September 2022
Religious-council and court-issued talaka dissolved the marriage, validating the subsequent marriage and dismissing the damages claim.
Islamic law – talaka – recognition of religious council (BAKWATA) and primary court certificate; burden of proof on plaintiff to show divorce invalidity; validity of subsequent marriage where prior marriage dissolved; causation and damages for breakdown of marriage.
30 September 2022
Application for Mareva injunction dismissed as overtaken by events and Atilio v Mbowe criteria not met.
Civil procedure – Temporary/Mareva injunction – application improperly brought under Order XXXVII where no suit pending; defect curable under CPC s.3A (overriding objective); application overtaken by events where trespass, tree-felling and construction of public hospital preceded application; Atilio v Mbowe conditions (prima facie case, irreparable loss, balance of convenience) not satisfied.
30 September 2022
Political statements at village meetings were not defamatory absent wider publication and proven reputational harm; later utterances amounted to a fresh cause of action.
Defamation – Elements: defamatory words, reference, publication, damage; Publication – extent and third‑party reception; Pleadings – necessity to plead and prove the exact words; Amendment – repetition of defamatory words after filing is a fresh cause of action (requires new suit); Political speech – statements in political/village meetings assessed in social/political context for defamatory character; Damages – necessity of clear, corroborated evidence of reputational harm and consequential losses.
27 September 2022
Related criminal proceedings arising from the employment dispute justified a limited extension of time to file the labour claim.
* Labour law — Extension of time to institute proceedings — Good cause — Interdiction prior to termination not a ground; negotiations with employer insufficient; related criminal proceedings may constitute good cause. * Civil procedure — Delay — Applicant must account for period of delay and show diligence — criminal prosecutions connected to employment can justify extension.
20 September 2022
Court allowed amendment to remove withdrawn counsel's name, barred that counsel from further involvement, and ordered DLHT to accept the limited amendment.
* Land law – Revision powers under section 43 – High Court may act suo motu on complaints about DLHT proceedings. * Civil procedure – Amendment of pleadings – Discretion to allow amendments where no injustice; procedure required when counsel has withdrawn. * Professional conduct – Withdrawal of counsel – withdrawn counsel loses standing to seek procedural orders and must desist from interfering.
20 September 2022
Tribunal’s unilateral date change and failure to summon for ruling justified extension of time to file an appeal.
* Civil procedure – extension of time – change of hearing date and failure to summon for delivery of ruling – procedural irregularity and illegality as ground for extension. * Civil procedure – ex parte proceedings – absent party entitled to be informed when judgment is delivered. * Appeals – necessity of drawn order/decree for lodging appeal – delay caused by inability to obtain drawn order can justify extension.
20 September 2022
Non‑compliance with Labour Court Rules and an omnibus application warranted striking out the extension application.
Labour procedure – extension of time – compliance with Labour Court Rules (index of pagination; affidavit content; notice of representation) – omnibus applications – constitutional argument on technicalities not a defense to rule non‑compliance – competence of application.
20 September 2022
15 September 2022
13 September 2022
Non-joinder of the Commissioner for Lands renders the plaintiff’s suit improperly before the court.
Land law — Offer of right of occupancy signed by district land officer — Commissioner for Lands is a necessary party to disputes touching such offers — Non‑joinder renders suit improperly before court; mis-pleading a party as trespasser may be struck out but does not always require dismissal.
12 September 2022
9 September 2022
9 September 2022
6 September 2022
6 September 2022
6 September 2022
2 September 2022
August 2022
31 August 2022
30 August 2022
30 August 2022
26 August 2022