High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
23 judgments

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23 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2025
16 October 2025
May 2025
13 May 2025
April 2025
30 April 2025
June 2012
Appeal dismissed: respondent proved receipt of only 800kg; appellant must deliver remaining 200kg or pay Tshs.400,000.
Contract – sale of goods (coffee) – disputed delivery quantity; Evidence – admissibility of secondary evidence (photocopies) with explanation; Credibility findings – endorsement on document and witness testimony; Res judicata/abandonment – prior unappealed judgment limiting relief.
21 June 2012
Failure to produce a will renders the estate intestate; Form I suffices and clan minutes are not legally required.
• Probate & Administration – intestacy – applicant's duty to produce will and comply with rules; failure leads to presumption of intestacy. • Procedure – Primary Courts (Administration of Estates) – application by prescribed Form I sufficient; clan meeting minutes are practice, not mandatory legal requirement. • Evidence – clan meeting existence and consent to nomination; signature challenges insufficient without proof. • Relief – court may appoint impartial persons as administrators; administrator ≠ automatic heir; appointment can be joint to prevent delay.
20 June 2012
Appellant failed to prove family ownership or lawful administrator status; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law — family/clan land — burden of proof to establish family ownership; Administrator of estate — appointment requires court order/statutory forms, family nomination alone insufficient; Locus standi — claimant must show lawful authority to sue as administrator; Sale of land — valid where vendor lawfully owns property.
19 June 2012
Acquittal where circumstantial evidence, missing key witnesses and inconclusive forensic proof failed to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Murder – circumstantial evidence must be watertight to exclude innocent hypothesis – alibi (s.194 CPA) and court’s discretion – failure to produce author of anonymous tip, caution statement and key witness weakens prosecution – inconclusive forensic evidence – acquittal for want of proof beyond reasonable doubt.
8 June 2012
May 2012
Ward Tribunal lacked jurisdiction since the land’s value exceeded the statutory Tshs.3,000,000 limit; proceedings nullified.
* Land law – Jurisdiction of Ward Tribunal – Pecuniary limit under section 15, Land Disputes Courts Act Cap.216 RE 2002 – Value of land determining jurisdiction. * Civil procedure – Lack of jurisdiction renders proceedings and decision null and void; appellate proceedings founded on null proceedings also invalid. * Evidence – Contracts of sale and defence testimony may establish monetary value of disputed land.
31 May 2012
Accused found to have caused death but mens rea for murder not proved; convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to ten years.
* Criminal law – Identification evidence – reliability where mob violence occurred; timely naming of suspect by a local official. * Evidence – Accomplice as competent witness – section 142 Evidence Act; corrobora­tion and admissibility. * Homicide – distinction between murder (actus reus and mens rea) and manslaughter; consequence where mens rea not proved.
30 May 2012
October 2011
A duly served party who deliberately refuses to appear forfeits the right to be heard; ex parte decision upheld.
* Land law – Ward Tribunal procedure – duty to give equal opportunity to be heard under section 16(2)(a) of the Ward Tribunal Act. * Natural justice – invitation/service and actual explanation as cumulative requirements – refusal to appear after proper service constitutes forfeiture of right to be heard. * Civil procedure – validity of ex parte decisions where party was duly served but declined to participate. * Non-joinder – failure to join a third party does not justify deliberate non-appearance by a summoned party.
13 October 2011
November 2010
Whether voluntary intoxication and a single bottle blow negate malice aforethought in a fatal assault.
Criminal law – murder v. manslaughter; mens rea and malice aforethought; voluntary intoxication and its evidential effect; use of bottle as dangerous weapon; causation — fatal blunt head injury (post‑mortem).
24 November 2010
June 2010
Repudiated caution admissible but lack of proven malice reduced murder charge to manslaughter (five-year sentence).
Criminal law – admissibility and weight of repudiated caution/confession – voluntary statement under s27(1) Evidence Act; Criminal procedure – change of plea after prosecution closed – no equivalent of s194 CPA in High Court; Murder vs manslaughter – requirement to prove malice aforethought beyond reasonable doubt; Assessors’ opinions – persuasive but not binding on the judge.
30 June 2010
June 2004
High Court holds written dowry receipt controls over contradictory oral evidence and apportions bridewealth refund accordingly.
* Evidence — Documentary primary evidence (Exhibit A) cannot be contradicted by oral testimony — Evidence Act ss.63–64. * Family law — Dissolution of marriage — Conciliatory boards have no power to dissolve marriage; only courts under Law of Marriage Act s.76. * Customary law — Refund of bridewealth — Declaration of Local Customary Law items 52 and 54; courts may apportion refund where parties share blame or where bride has remarried. * Appellate review — District Court must consider documentary evidence and applicable statutory law before ordering non-refund.
20 June 2004
September 2002
5 September 2002
Oral judgments delivered without recorded reasons or proper pronouncement are procedurally defective; appeal dismissed with costs.
Primary Courts — Civil Procedure — Reserved and oral judgments — Requirement to record reasons and pronounce relief in open court — Reading and confirmation of previously recorded evidence before delivery — Non‑compliance renders oral judgment defective.
4 September 2002
August 2002
Long unexplained delay and lack of arguable grounds justify refusal of leave to appeal out of time.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – requirement to show satisfactory explanation for delay – bereavement insufficient without explanation for prolonged inaction – court may assess merits of intended appeal and refuse leave where appeal lacks substance (Magistrates Courts Act ss.25(b), 28(3)).
23 August 2002
July 2001
District Court taxation of a bill of costs in a miscellaneous application was procedurally defective and set aside.
Civil procedure — Taxation of costs — bill of costs must be filed and taxed in the original case file; miscellaneous application improper. Taxation — taxing officer cannot tax items not ordered or determined by any court (including claimed compensation for 'non-use' of land). Procedural irregularity — proceedings and taxation declared nullity; decision quashed and set aside.
26 July 2001
June 2001
A late claim for recovery of customary land is defeated by the twelve‑year prescription even if the vendor had no title.
Property law – prescription/limitation – Customary Law Declaration Rules 1964 – twelve‑year prescriptive period; Effect of long absence/sickness on prescription; Possession by purchaser for prescriptive period defeats owner’s late recovery claim; District court cannot override prescription by humanitarian considerations.
23 June 2001
Appellate court upheld district court finding respondent owned disputed shamba based on credible possession and boundary evidence.
Land law – disputed shamba – proof by possession and family distribution – credibility of witnesses – relevance of third‑party boundary/cultivation evidence – appellate review of findings of fact.
22 June 2001
20 June 2001
20 June 2001
Appeal dismissed: claimant failed to prove maize misappropriation; district magistrate wrongly nullified primary court proceedings.
* Civil procedure – Magistrates' Courts Act s.30(2) – supervisory/revisionary powers belong to resident magistrate in charge, not any district magistrate. * Jurisdiction – Primary Court pecuniary jurisdiction where claim within statutory monetary limit. * Evidence – requirement to produce documentary exhibits and call supplier witnesses to prove indebtedness; failure to produce documentary evidence defeats claim on balance of probabilities.
19 June 2001
June 2000
Primary court’s site visit valuation of shamba restoration preferred; district court’s larger award quashed, primary award restored with redemption terms.
Property law – sale of land/crop (coffee shamba) – primary court site visit informs valuation – appellate court should not vary award without sufficient grounds or site visit; redemption rights and possession pending payment; entitlement to harvest current crop before surrender.
20 June 2000