High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
25 judgments

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25 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2016
Reported
The appellant cannot raise an untried factual limitation defence on appeal; the tribunal erred by relying on unadmitted documents, case remitted for additional evidence.
* Land law – limitation – accrual of cause of action as factual issue – a party may not raise for the first time on appeal a factual limitation defence not pleaded or tried. * Evidence – documents – tribunal improperly relied on documents not tendered or admitted in open court; reliance on unadmitted exhibits is substantial procedural error. * Civil procedure – revisional jurisdiction – High Court may nullify proceedings and order additional evidence and re‑hearing where material documents were not properly admitted.
2 December 2016
Conviction for statutory rape upheld; sentence reduced under s.131(2) Penal Code because appellant was under 18 and a repeat offender.
Criminal law – Rape (statutory rape) – proof of victim’s age and penetration – victim and medical evidence as best evidence; Credibility – afterthought allegations of fabrication; Criminal sentencing – application of section 131(2) Penal Code to boys aged eighteen years or less and effect on sentencing for repeat offenders; appellate reduction of an excessive sentence.
1 December 2016
November 2016
Reported
Appeal not time‑barred; appellants liable for unpaid purchase price despite theft; certain interest awards quashed.
Limitation of actions – Appeal from District Court exercising original jurisdiction – 45 days under Law of Limitation Act; Sale of Goods – buyer who accepts goods before full payment becomes baileee for unpaid price and bears risk of loss; Frustration of contract – theft in buyer’s possession does not automatically discharge unpaid price; Interest – pre‑suit interest for loss of business requires specific pleading and proof; post‑judgment interest awarded at court rate.
30 November 2016
Appeal timely under Law of Limitation Act; buyer liable for unpaid price despite theft in buyer’s custody; interest adjusted to court rate.
Civil procedure – limitation of appeals from District Court in original jurisdiction – Law of Limitation Act (45 days) applicable; Contract – sale of goods – risk and title on delivery; buyer as bailee with duty of care; frustration of contract cannot be invoked where not pleaded; interest – pre-suit interest for loss requires proof; post-judgment interest at court rate.
30 November 2016
Reported
Appellant lacked locus standi and the Ward Tribunal lacked jurisdiction; its order to take 10% of damages was unlawful.
Land law – locus standi to sue on behalf of deceased – only estate administrator may institute suit; Pecuniary jurisdiction – Ward Tribunal limited to disputes valuing up to Tshs 3,000,000; Judicial practice – courts/tribunals cannot charge or take a percentage of assessed damages.
29 November 2016
Delayed payment of compensation attracts statutory 6% interest; later directive rates not applicable to earlier valuations.
Land acquisition — valuation date governs applicable rates — non-retroactivity of later Government directive; delay in payment of compensation attracts statutory interest under section 15 Land Acquisition Act (6% per annum); post-valuation development does not increase compensation entitlement.
24 November 2016
Reported
A qualified advocate’s use of a business name does not invalidate court documents if the advocate drew them.
Advocates Act — requirement to indicate drawer of documents — business/trade name by qualified advocate — omission of advocate’s name not rendering document incompetent; practice under Business Names Registration Act; George Humba v Kasuka applied.
17 November 2016
An advocate’s use of a business name does not invalidate documents if a qualified advocate prepared them.
Advocates Act (ss.39, 43, 44) – requirement to show name/address of drawer – business/trade name used by a registered advocate – defect curable; prohibition targets unqualified persons preparing instruments for gain; omission of advocate’s name an irregularity, not fatal.
17 November 2016
Court upheld mother's custody and affirmed division of assets acquired in cohabitation or substantially improved during marriage.
* Family law – custody – presumption under s125(3) that child under seven is ordinarily with mother – presumption not rebutted. * Matrimonial property – assets acquired during cohabitation divisible under s160(2). * Pre-marriage assets substantially improved during marriage treated as matrimonial under s114(3). * Documentary title in one party’s name not conclusive of ownership – beneficial interest may exist. * Appellate deference to concurrent findings of fact. * Admission of additional evidence on appeal – s76(1)(d) CPC.
15 November 2016
The respondent was correctly awarded custody and cohabitation/improvements rendered disputed properties divisible as matrimonial assets.
Family law – Custody – presumption under section 125(3) that an infant under seven should be with the mother – presumption not rebutted. Matrimonial property – assets acquired during cohabitation and assets owned before marriage but substantially improved during marriage – sections 160(2) and 114(3) Law of Marriage Act – registered title in one party’s name does not preclude beneficial interest or division. Deference to concurrent factual findings of lower courts.
15 November 2016
Appeal allowed: demolition claim construed as land dispute, District Court lacked jurisdiction, suit dismissed on revision.
Jurisdiction — land dispute — demolition of building constitutes 'land' under Land Act definition; District Court lacks jurisdiction under Land Disputes Courts Act s.4(2). Civil procedure — interlocutory orders — Bozson test; appeals permissible where order implicates jurisdiction or results in illegality/vexatious proceedings. Pleadings — cause of action and reliefs read together to determine nature of dispute.
3 November 2016
A claim for demolition and loss of a building is a land dispute, ousting District Court jurisdiction.
* Jurisdiction – Land Disputes Courts Act – claims for demolition and loss of a building fall within the definition of "land" and oust District Court jurisdiction. * Pleadings – cause of action and prayers must be read together to determine whether a matter is a land dispute. * Civil procedure – appealability of interlocutory orders – Bozson test and exception where jurisdictional irregularity or injustice arises.
3 November 2016
A claim for demolition and loss of a building can constitute a land dispute, ousting District Court jurisdiction under the Land Disputes Courts Act.
Land law — Jurisdiction — Whether claim for demolition and loss of a building constitutes a land dispute under Land Act s.2 and thus ousts District Court jurisdiction under Land Disputes Courts Act s.4(2); interlocutory appeal exception where jurisdictional irregularity or injustice; revisional power to quash proceedings.
3 November 2016
October 2016
Appellant lacked locus standi; Ward Tribunal lacked jurisdiction; awarding 10% of damages to the Tribunal was unlawful.
* Land law – locus standi – claims on behalf of deceased must be instituted by the estate administrator. * Ward Tribunal – pecuniary jurisdiction – limited to TSh 3,000,000; pleaded value governs jurisdiction. * Judicial/tribunal practice – unlawful for courts or tribunals to appropriate a percentage of damages awarded.
29 October 2016
Maternal custody presumption upheld; assets acquired during cohabitation or substantially improved in marriage are matrimonial and divisible.
Family law – custody presumption for children under seven (s.125 LMA); matrimonial property – assets acquired during cohabitation or substantially improved in marriage divisible (ss.114, 160(2) LMA); documentary title not decisive of beneficial interest.
15 October 2016
September 2016
A defective memorandum of appeal lacking required content may be struck out; appellant may reinstitute subject to limitation.
Civil procedure – Appeal – Memorandum of appeal – Form and content – Order XXXIX rules 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Code – Requirement to state prayers – Remedy for nonconforming memorandum (rejection or return for amendment).
22 September 2016
A defective memorandum of appeal may be rejected and the appeal struck out; re‑filing permitted subject to limitation.
Appeal procedure – Memorandum of Appeal – compliance with Order XXXIX rules 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Code – inclusion of grounds and prayers – rejection or return for amendment – District Registrar’s jurisdiction to order submissions.
22 September 2016
July 2016
Reported
Whether the applicant’s expired right of occupancy reverted to the President and whether the compensation award was lawful.
Land law – expiry of right of occupancy – reversion of superior title to the President (s.4(1) Land Act); Right of occupancy – renewal and compensation (s.32(3)–(4) Land Act) – limits on entitlement; Evidence – admissibility and weight of certified copy of title where original unavailable; Equity – reception clause and equitable maxims used to preserve a mistakenly conferred but unchallenged benefit; Procedure – absence of cross-appeal affecting final relief.
28 July 2016
Reported
Welfare presumption favors the mother for a child under seven; assets acquired/cohabited or improved during marriage are divisible.
* Family law – custody – presumption under s.125(3) that a child under seven should reside with the mother; rebuttal requires clear evidence. * Matrimonial property – s.114 and s.160 – assets acquired during marriage or cohabitation and assets substantially improved during marriage are divisible. * Registered title not decisive – beneficial interest may arise from spousal contributions; non-financial contributions recognised. * Appellate review – deference to concurrent findings of fact by lower courts.
19 July 2016
June 2016
A prior adverse decision by a judge and a litigant's lack of confidence alone do not justify recusal.
Judicial recusal — application for leave heard by judge who decided underlying case; sufficiency of endorsements under Advocates Act; recusal test from Laurian Lugarabamu — bad blood, close relationship, interest; mere prior adverse decision or apprehension of bias insufficient for disqualification.
8 June 2016
The appeal was dismissed: the applicant failed to prove procedural irregularities, incorrect measurements or inadequate compensation.
* Land acquisition — statutory notice and publication requirements — substance of notice through village meetings may satisfy safeguards; * Evidence — admissibility and timing of objections to valuation reports and village minutes; * Compensation — burden on claimant to prove market value and to produce counter-valuation or prove incorrect measurements; * Multiple claimants — each claimant must separately prove ownership, land size and entitlement to compensation.
7 June 2016
Appellants failed to prove procedural defects or under-valuation in land acquisition; appeal dismissed with costs.
* Land Acquisition Act – statutory notice and publication requirements – village meetings and newspaper gazetteing as compliance. * Evidence – admissibility of village minutes and valuation report; objection timing. * Compensation – assessment by market value under Land (Assessment of Value) Regulations; burden on owner to produce counter-valuation or sale evidence. * Burden of proof – each landowner must prove extent of land and entitlement to higher compensation. * Measurement disputes – general/unspecific complaints insufficient to overturn tribunal findings.
7 June 2016
February 2016
Reported
Application to revoke probate struck out for being filed in the wrong court; limitation is a jurisdictional issue.
* Probate law – revocation of letters of administration – proper forum for challenges to grants made by a Primary Court. * Limitation – Item 21 Part III, Law of Limitation Act (60 days) – time-bar as jurisdictional issue. * Procedure – point of limitation may be raised at any time and court may raise it suo motu.
29 February 2016
Application to revoke letters of administration struck out for being filed in the wrong court; Primary Court must first assess limitation.
Probate — Revocation of letters of administration — Proper forum for revocation — Primary Court jurisdiction where letters were granted; Limitation — Item 21 Part III Law of Limitation Act (60 days) — time‑bar is jurisdictional and may be raised at any time; Procedural law — Wrong forum — striking out and costs.
29 February 2016
Revocation of Primary Court letters must be sought in that Primary Court and within the limitation period.
* Probate law – revocation of letters of administration – proper forum is the court that granted the letters (Primary Court). * Limitation – applications under Probate Act governed by Item 21 Part III of the Law of Limitation Act (60 days). * Jurisdiction – time limitation is a jurisdictional point and may be raised at any stage. * Procedure – filing in the wrong court leads to striking out; Primary Court to first determine time-bar.
29 February 2016