High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
30 judgments

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30 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2021
The respondent's attempted rape conviction was quashed for failure to prove the statutory 'threatening' element; the ten-year sentence was also illegal.
Criminal law – Attempted rape – ingredients of offence under s.132(1) and (2)(a) – requirement of manifestation by threatening; Evidence – child’s testimony – compliance with s.127(2); hearsay – testimony of PW1 and PW3 as hearsay dependent on victim; Sentence – illegality of ten-year term where statute prescribes life or not less than thirty years.
25 June 2021
An appeal is incompetent and struck out where the petition does not match the district court record dispatched to the High Court.
Appeals — procedure from district court to High Court — petition and dispatched record must correspond — appeal incompetent if petition targets a non-existent decision — section 25 Magistrates' Courts Act.
24 June 2021
24 June 2021
Appellant’s challenge to the tribunal’s finding of lawful sale to respondents was dismissed; respondents entitled to vacant possession.
Land law – ownership and title – proof of sale before local leadership and witnesses; possession and long use as basis for title; adverse possession/long occupation allegations; assessment of credibility and burden of proof in land disputes; District Land and Housing Tribunal’s findings affirmed on appeal.
24 June 2021
23 June 2021
22 June 2021
22 June 2021
21 June 2021
18 June 2021
18 June 2021
18 June 2021
15 June 2021
15 June 2021
14 June 2021
14 June 2021
14 June 2021
Leave to appeal refused where applicant failed to show prima facie grounds; respondent's silence not dispositive.
Land law – leave to appeal – requirement to show prima facie grounds meriting appeal; respondent's failure to file counter‑affidavit not determinative; concurrent findings of lower tribunals; non‑joinder issue raised for first time at leave stage.
10 June 2021
Appellant lacked locus standi and failed to prove alleged proceeds formed part of the deceased's estate, appeal dismissed.
Probate/Administration – locus standi – claim concerning deceased’s estate must be instituted by person holding letters of administration or by executor with probate. Civil evidence – proof of estate assets – requirement to produce inventory forms or other documentary proof to establish estate property. Admissibility of family meeting minutes – reliance on clan meeting minutes insufficient where formal capacity and proof of estate lacking.
10 June 2021
Administratrix proved estate ownership and obtained vacant possession and permanent injunction against trespassing defendants.
Land law – ownership and estate assets; administration of deceased’s estate – letters of administration; trespass – unlawful occupation of estate land; ex parte proceedings and proof on balance of probabilities; remedies: declaration, vacant possession and permanent injunction.
8 June 2021
7 June 2021
Court upheld gang rape and robbery convictions, finding identification, victim evidence and medical report sufficient despite co-accused acquittals.
Criminal law – gang rape – penetration by one member of a group sufficient where facilitated by others – acquittal of co-accused does not automatically acquit remaining accused. Identification – reliability assessed by lighting, opportunity to observe and prior acquaintance. Evidence – victim’s testimony and medical report as probative on penetration and non-consent. Procedure – admission of document without reading may be cured if contents are covered by oral testimony and accused not prejudiced.
4 June 2021
Extension of time granted where applicant acted diligently and tribunal’s delay in supplying certified judgment caused the lateness.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – "good cause" – delay caused by tribunal’s failure to supply certified copy; application of Lyamuya factors (account for delay, inordinate delay, diligence, other sufficient reasons). Ex parte hearing where respondent failed to appear despite filing papers.
4 June 2021
Court upheld armed robbery conviction, finding reliable identification and admissible oral confession despite expunged exhibits.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – elements: weapon, company, personal violence and immediate theft – proof beyond reasonable doubt. Evidence – visual identification – reliability where victim had ample opportunity and daylight (Waziri principle). Evidence – admission of documentary exhibits – requirement to read exhibits in court; unprocedural admission may lead to expungement but oral evidence can cure prejudice. Evidence – cautioned statement rejected; oral confession and confession leading to discovery admissible under section 31.
4 June 2021
Conviction quashed where prosecution failed to prove the victim’s identity and charged particulars beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – evidence – variance between particulars in charge sheet and trial evidence (victim’s name, date) – prosecution must prove specific particulars; identity discrepancies may vitiate conviction.
4 June 2021
A divorce petition heard without a conciliatory-board certificate and without valid service vitiates the trial court's jurisdiction.
Family law – Divorce – Requirement to refer matrimonial dispute to a Marriage Conciliatory Board and obtain certificate of failure to reconcile – Section 101, Law of Marriage Act.* Procedure – Service and ex parte proceedings – Court must be satisfied summons was duly served before trying matter ex parte.* Jurisdiction – Absence of statutory conciliatory-board certificate vitiates Primary Court’s jurisdiction to hear divorce petition.* Appeal – Lower courts’ failure to note procedural jurisdictional defects warrants quashing of judgments.
3 June 2021
Second appellate court declined to disturb concurrent findings that the applicant trespassed on the respondent’s land.
Land law – boundary dispute and alleged trespass; second appeal – limited interference with concurrent findings of fact; locus in quo inspection and credibility findings; Ward Tribunals Act s.15 – tribunals not bound by strict rules of evidence; prescription/time-bar arguments; procedure and admissibility of locus in quo evidence.
3 June 2021
An appeal must be brought against a party; appeals filed against non-parties are incompetent and are struck out.
Civil procedure — Appeals from primary courts — Party status and locus standi — Appeal must be against parties only — Witness or interested person not automatically a party — Revision as remedy for non-parties.
3 June 2021
Applicants granted extension to file revision due to procedural irregularity in transfer between courts.
Extension of time – section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act; transfer of proceedings – sections 47 and 49 Magistrates' Courts Act; requirement to record reasons for transfer; necessity of trial de novo; illegality as sufficient cause for extension.
1 June 2021
Appeal allowed: distribution not proved and key documents improperly admitted, trial judgment quashed.
Land law – administration of deceased estate – whether former administrator distributed estate; Admissibility of documentary evidence – authentication of photocopies and requirement of primary evidence; Effect of improperly admitted evidence on a tribunal's decision; Locus standi – ability of alleged heirs to pass title to purchasers.
1 June 2021
Court affirmed a joint venture finding and upheld the Tshs. 7,200,000 award to the respondent.
Contract/Law of Contract Act – distinction between partnership and joint venture – intention, contributions and conduct determine nature of business arrangement. Evidence – civil standard (balance of probabilities) – direct and corroborated testimony can establish joint venture absent written agreement. Remedies – appellate court’s exercise of discretion in awarding general damages/entitlement is reviewable only for misdirection or injustice.
1 June 2021