High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
173 judgments

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173 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2021
Failure to record and present assessors' opinions vitiated DLHT proceedings, requiring nullification and retrial.
Land Disputes Courts – Tribunal composition – assessors must give written opinions before judgment and those opinions must be on the record and available to parties; failure to do so vitiates proceedings and necessitates retrial; procedural irregularities v. incurable irregularity; sale of mortgaged property and valuation/statutory compliance (s.133 Land Act) raised but not decided.
21 October 2021
20 October 2021
20 October 2021
18 October 2021
15 October 2021
11 October 2021
8 October 2021
8 October 2021
8 October 2021
8 October 2021
8 October 2021
8 October 2021
7 October 2021
Valid sponsorship contract; special damages proved; loss of business unproven; general damages reduced.
Contract law – validity and sanctity of in‑service sponsorship agreement; Evidence – admissibility and proof of documentary exhibits; Trustees/companies – capacity to contract via officers; Damages – special damages require strict proof; Loss of business must be proved on balance of probabilities; General damages discretionary — appellate reduction for excess; Limitation – cause of action and six‑year period.
5 October 2021
Conviction quashed where accused was denied right to be heard; retrial refused due to unavailable victim.
Criminal procedure – right to be heard – denial of opportunity to present defence – fundamental breach of natural justice vitiating conviction; retrial discretionary where key witness/victim absconds; preliminary objection on time-limitation not determinative when fundamental irregularity exists.
5 October 2021
5 October 2021
5 October 2021
4 October 2021
1 October 2021
September 2021
30 September 2021
29 September 2021
23 September 2021
23 September 2021
August 2021
31 August 2021
Applicant granted extension to appeal revocation of Primary Court letters of administration on jurisdictional and procedural grounds.
Extension of time to appeal; jurisdiction of District Court to nullify Primary Court letters of administration; procedural fairness/ex parte revocation; compliance with Primary Courts (Administration of Estates) Rules (notice requirement).
31 August 2021
Appeal dismissed as time-barred for lack of application and affidavit to extend the statutory appeal period.
Land Disputes Courts Act s.38 — Sixty-day appeal period; extension under s.38(2) requires application and affidavit showing good cause; time limit is jurisdictional; appeal filed out of time is incompetent.
26 August 2021
A District Court exceeds its review powers when it rehears an appeal and substitutes judgment instead of correcting clerical errors.
Civil Procedure — Review — Scope of review limited to correction of apparent errors — Appellate court cannot rehear or substitute its judgment under guise of review; Procedure — Order XLII r.3 and Order XXXIX r.1(1) — review applications must follow appeal form; Jurisdiction — s.78 Civil Procedure Code inapplicable where court sits in appellate jurisdiction.
26 August 2021
Conviction upheld where appellant’s confession led to recovery and victim identified stolen property; search found lawful.
Criminal law – proof beyond reasonable doubt; confession leading to recovery of stolen property; legality of search and seizure witnessed by third parties; identification of property in absence of receipts; sentence review.
23 August 2021
Appellant lacked locus standi to sue for the cooperative absent Board authorisation; proceedings nullified and appeal dismissed.
Locus standi – Cooperative societies – Representation in legal proceedings requires Board authorisation (Cooperative Societies Act s.68(1); Third Schedule rules) – Lack of authorisation is a jurisdictional defect rendering proceedings null.
21 August 2021
Concurrent factual findings upholding the landowner’s title were affirmed; an invitee cannot exclude the owner, appeal dismissed.
Land law – proof of ownership/occupation – purchase evidence and vendor corroboration – invitee cannot exclude owner. Appellate review – second appeal limited; concurrent findings of fact will not be disturbed absent misapprehension, miscarriage or legal/procedural error. Credibility – material contradictions in witness testimony undermine claims.
19 August 2021
Conviction on an unequivocal guilty plea and a 12‑month sentence for escape were upheld as within the trial court’s discretion.
Criminal law – escape from lawful custody – conviction on an unequivocal guilty plea – validity of conviction where accused admits facts. Sentencing – Section 35 Penal Code – imprisonment up to two years or fine or both – 12‑month sentence within statutory limits. Appellate review of sentence – interference only where misdirection, irrelevant consideration, or failure to consider relevant factors (Mbogo v Shah principle).
12 August 2021
A primary-court default judgment without proof of service or lawful striking of defence is unlawful and set aside.
Primary Courts procedure; default/ex parte judgment; service of summons; Order VIII r.14 Civil Procedure Code; Magistrate's Courts (Civil Procedure in Primary Courts) Rules; setting aside ex parte decree; striking out written statement of defence; miscarriage of justice.
12 August 2021
12 August 2021
The court recorded the applicant and respondent's land settlement as its decree, disposing of their appeal.
Civil procedure – Settlement of pending appeal – Deed of Settlement adopted and recorded as court decree; Land law – partition of disputed land by mutual agreement and demarcation on locus in quo; Effect – settlement conclusively determines dispute between settling parties; Costs – parties agree each bears own costs; Procedural effect – withdrawal of claims against co-respondent and no execution of tribunal decree.
11 August 2021
Appellate court remitted record to trial court to cure defective/conflicting judgments and nullified them.
Criminal procedure – Appeal competency – presence of two inconsistent judgments and a defective typed judgment attached to appeal renders appeal incompetent; remedial dispatch of record to trial court for proper judgment. Judicial remedies – nullification of conflicting judgments and direction to compose a single legally recognized judgment within a set time. Custody – remand pending correction of trial court record.
11 August 2021
An appeal filed beyond the 45‑day limit without an extension is jurisdictionally incompetent and dismissed.
Criminal appeals — time limit for filing — forty-five (45) days — jurisdictional effect of delay; requirement to apply for extension of time; incarceration does not automatically excuse delay; appeal dismissed as time-barred.
11 August 2021
10 August 2021
Breaking was not proved; recent possession upheld theft convictions for two appellants, third appellant acquitted of stealing.
Criminal law – breaking into premises – insufficiency of evidence to prove breaking; Criminal law – theft – doctrine of recent possession (s.312(1) Penal Code) – recent possession and inadequate explanation justify presumption of guilt; evidentiary sufficiency regarding possession and conduct of exchanging currency.
9 August 2021
Convictions for rape and unnatural offences upheld; improperly admitted PF3s expunged and life sentences reduced to 30 years concurrent.
Criminal law – Rape and unnatural offences against minors – proof beyond reasonable doubt; corroboration by medical evidence; improperly admitted PF3 reports expunged; admissibility of extra-judicial statement; inadmissibility of cautioned statement recorded in breach of s.50(1)(a); sentence reduction for first offender.
9 August 2021
Appellant’s land recovery claim barred by the 12‑year limitation; Ward Tribunal composition was valid.
Land law — recovery of land — limitation period (Law of Limitation, Item 22) — adverse possession/long uninterrupted possession — Ward Tribunal composition and quorum — administrative signatures do not vitiate proceedings.
6 August 2021
Appeal allowed: tribunal misdirected on execution sale under Primary Court order; its judgment quashed and set aside.
Land law – execution sale – validity of sale by Ward Executive Officer pursuant to Primary Court order – evidentiary weight of Exhibit evidencing execution. Civil procedure – finality of court orders – enforceability of court orders until set aside and limited jurisdiction to revise lower court decisions. Appellate review – misdirection and failure to analyze material evidence warrant quashing of trial tribunal judgment. Reliefs – improper declaratory finding regarding ownership attributed to a deceased and absence of pleaded relief.
6 August 2021
High Court quashed tribunal decision for misapprehending evidence and improperly undermining a Primary Court execution sale.
Land law – Execution of Primary Court orders by Ward Executive Officer; public auction sale – evidentiary effect of exhibit proving execution sale; limits on revising Primary Court orders (only District Court revision); appellate intervention where tribunal misapprehends or fails to analyse primary documentary evidence; incompetence of declaring a deceased as owner of land.
6 August 2021
Appellant failed to prove pre-marital ownership; lower courts rightly treated disputed items as matrimonial assets and custody decision was proper.
Family law – matrimonial property – proof of pre-marital ownership – burden of proof; failure to produce receipts or witnesses. Evidence – failure to cross-examine – adverse inference and acceptance of witness evidence. Family law – division of matrimonial assets – assessment of contribution. Family law – custody – children’s wishes under s.125(2)(b) and taking additional evidence on appeal.
6 August 2021
The respondent failed to show sufficient cause for condonation of an overly delayed labour referral, so the CMA award was set aside.
Labour law — time limits for referral to CMA (Rule 10(1) GN No.64/2007) — condonation power under Rule 31 — discretion must be reasonably exercised — requirement to account for delay with satisfactory, particularised explanation.
3 August 2021
July 2021
28 July 2021
A limitation preliminary objection is inappropriate where the date of accrual and negotiations are disputed and require evidence.
• Civil procedure – preliminary objection – limitation plea – whether a limitation plea is a pure point of law when accrual date is disputed.• Limitation law – accrual of cause of action – date of accrual is a question of fact requiring evidence.• Extension of time – ongoing negotiations/communications may be relevant to delay and require factual proof.• Mukisa principle – preliminary objections inadmissible where facts must be ascertained or judicial discretion exercised.
23 July 2021
Failure to show Ward Tribunal jurisdiction and to record quorum/gender renders proceedings and appeal a nullity.
Land law – Ward Tribunal jurisdiction – pecuniary limit and requirement to record value; procedural compliance – recording quorum, member identities and gender representation; failure to satisfy jurisdictional and record-keeping requirements renders proceedings a nullity; appellate duty to address jurisdictional and procedural defects.
20 July 2021
Appeal dismissed: prosecution failed to prove abuse of office and theft by public servant beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Corruption – Abuse of position under s.31 Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act – ingredients required: intentional abuse, breach of law, undue advantage. Criminal law – Theft by public servant – ss.258(1)(2)(a), 270 Penal Code – elements of actus reus and mens rea, and enhanced liability. Evidence – cautioned statement and documentary exhibits – necessity of clear admission and probative weight. Credibility findings – trial court’s assessment of witnesses and acceptance of opposing testimony can dispose prosecution case.
19 July 2021
Appeal allowed: conviction quashed due to misapplied statutory provisions, material inconsistencies and inadequate proof beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Unnatural offence (sodomy) against a child; charge-sheet particulars and curability (s.388 CPA); mandatory judgment content (ss.235, 312 CPA); inconsistencies in prosecution and inconclusive medical evidence; failure to evaluate defence – conviction quashed.
19 July 2021
Applicants previously on bail and with no breach were granted bail pending trial subject to specified conditions.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending trial – Prior admission to bail and compliance as factor favouring grant of bail – Conditions for release: cash or property deposit, sureties, surrender of travel documents, reporting and verification of sureties.
15 July 2021