High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
871 judgments

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871 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2025
Court granted stay of execution pending extension-application, conditional on a Tzs.585,000,000 commitment bond and status quo.
* Civil Procedure – Stay of execution – Order XXI r.24 and Order XXXIX r.5(3) – conditions: substantial loss, no unreasonable delay, and security. * Security for stay – immovable property – commitment bond equivalent to decretal amount. * Maintenance of status quo pending determination of extension of time to appeal application.
14 November 2025
A court lacks jurisdiction where the mandatory marriage conciliation certificate is not tendered and admitted as evidence.
Family law – Jurisdiction under s.101 Law of Marriage Act – mandatory Marriage Conciliation Board certificate – requirement to file, tender and admit certificate; Annexures to pleadings are not evidence; Appellate procedure – jurisdictional points may be raised at any stage; Matrimonial property division – issues of existence and contribution not determined due to jurisdictional nullity.
13 November 2025
Court awards appellant 20% of Njombe house and adjusts shares of other matrimonial houses after finding unrebutted oral contributions and insufficient proof of debts.
Matrimonial property – existence and proof – oral/unrecorded contributions by spouse – balance of probabilities; Matrimonial property division – consideration of informal earnings and domestic/management contributions; Debts and deductions – unexplained salary slip deductions insufficient to prove debt contracted for joint benefit.
12 November 2025
An appellate court should expunge improperly admitted exhibits and re-evaluate evidence rather than order retrial; matter remitted for fresh judgment.
Civil procedure – appellate remedies for improperly admitted documentary exhibits – expunction and re-evaluation of remaining evidence preferred over retrial; second appeal limits on re-assessment of facts; oral evidence may be relied upon after expunction.
12 November 2025
Applicants failed to show good cause for extension; prior out-of-time filing precluded relying on technical delay.
Extension of time – discretion and requirement to show good and sufficient cause; technical delay only where underlying application was filed within time and later struck out; requirement to account for each day of delay; unsubstantiated network issues and election participation do not excuse unexplained delay in labour revision applications.
7 November 2025
Executing court’s ex parte hearing without notice and ignoring applicant’s affidavit violated the applicant’s right to be heard.
Execution proceedings – ex parte hearing – requirement to issue formal notice of ex parte hearing and date of judgment – right to be heard – affidavit to show cause must be considered – revisional jurisdiction under s.89(1)(c) CPC – material irregularity vitiates proceedings.
7 November 2025
The applicant’s registered Certificate of Occupancy established ownership; the respondents failed to prove fraud and were held trespassers.
Land law — Ownership: Certificate of Occupancy (registered title) is conclusive proof of ownership unless fraud proven; Burden of proof — party asserting title must prove on balance of probabilities (Evidence Act s.117); Hearsay and inconsistent oral testimony have limited evidential value (Evidence Act s.67) ; Trespass — entrants after registration are trespassers; Remedies — declaration of ownership, order to vacate, general damages and costs.
7 November 2025
October 2025
A divorce petition filed without the Conciliation Board certificate is incompetent and the resulting proceedings are a nullity.
* Family law – Divorce – Section 101 Law of Marriage Act – requirement to refer matrimonial disputes to Conciliation Board and produce Board's certificate before instituting divorce proceedings. * Procedure/evidence – Documents appended to pleadings are not evidence; documentary evidence must be tendered and linked by oral testimony. * Jurisdiction – Lack of required Conciliation Board certificate renders petition incompetent and proceedings a nullity. * Exceptions – Statutory exceptions to referral requirement must be proven to excuse production of certificate.
24 October 2025
24 October 2025
Extension application struck out because supporting affidavit contained prayers and arguments; leave granted to refile.
Criminal Procedure — extension of time — supporting affidavit must contain facts not prayers or legal arguments (Matovu principle); defective paragraphs may be expunged if inconsequential; where expunging renders application impracticable, strike out with leave to refile.
21 October 2025
Unproven oral rescission cannot defeat a written sale; subsequent sale void ab initio and appellant remains lawful owner.
* Land law – sale of land – termination/rescission of written sale agreement – necessity of written evidence to vary or rescind written contracts.* Evidence – oral agreement vs written contract – sections 107–108 Evidence Act; burden of proof (s.110 Evidence Act) and adverse inference for failure to produce documents.* Mediation outcomes – distinction between 'advice' and successful mediation; evidential consequence of ambiguous mediation certificate.* Principle nemo dat quod non-habet – purchaser cannot acquire better title than seller possessed.* Admissibility/production of electronic evidence (telephone records) and limits of appellate assistance to fill evidential gaps.
20 October 2025
17 October 2025
Failure of a successor magistrate to assign reasons for taking over a case deprives them of jurisdiction, nullifying ensuing proceedings.
Administration of justice – transfer of proceedings – successor magistrate must assign reasons for taking over a case; failure to assign reasons deprives successor of jurisdiction and renders ensuing proceedings, judgments and decrees nullities – remedy: nullification and remittal for retrial.
16 October 2025
13 October 2025
13 October 2025
Court overruled res subjudice objection and granted maintenance of status quo pending revision of execution proceedings.
Civil procedure – res subjudice – section 10 Civil Procedure Code – requirements for applicability; Distinction between stay of execution and maintenance of status quo; Revisional jurisdiction – power to grant maintenance of status quo pending revision; Joinder of executing officer not required when exercising revisional powers on execution orders.
8 October 2025
The High Court may grant maintenance of status quo pending revision to prevent overtaking even when a related application exists.
* Civil Procedure – res sub judice – section 10 CPC – applicability requires same parties and directly/substantially same issue. * Civil procedure – maintenance of status quo v. stay of execution – distinction and effect. * Revision/inherent powers – High Court may order maintenance of status quo pending revision to prevent overtaking. * Joinder – executing officer (court broker) not always necessary for maintenance of status quo in revisional proceedings.
8 October 2025
8 October 2025
7 October 2025
2 October 2025
September 2025
30 September 2025
29 September 2025
29 September 2025
August 2025
Court held there was no unlawful departure from pleadings in admitting additional documentary evidence and dismissed the land appeal.
Land law – Civil procedure – Pleadings – Admissibility of additional documentary evidence – Whether admitting a Customary Right of Occupancy not pleaded constitutes departure from pleadings – Application of procedural rules in land disputes.
28 August 2025
A mother cannot validly allocate the deceased spouse’s jointly owned land without first being appointed an estate administrator.
Succession law – Joint matrimonial property – Allocation of deceased's land – Capacity to distribute estate – Need for letters of administration – Invalidity of allocation made without proper appointment of administrator.
28 August 2025
25 August 2025
A tribunal's failure to afford the applicant a hearing on an issue it raised suo moto rendered its decision a nullity.
Land law – procedural fairness – right to be heard – tribunal raising preliminary objection suo moto – refusal to afford applicant opportunity to address issue – natural justice – nullification of decision rendered without hearing party.
25 August 2025
25 August 2025
25 August 2025
21 August 2025
21 August 2025
21 August 2025
21 August 2025
Failure to properly record assessors’ opinions fatally vitiates tribunal proceedings and requires a retrial from the defective stage.
Land law – Land Disputes Courts Act – assessors’ opinions – failure to record assessors’ opinions – effect of procedural irregularity – nullification of tribunal’s proceedings and judgment – remittal for retrial.
15 August 2025
A court may not hold a non-party or mere contract witness liable for breach under the doctrine of privity of contract.
Civil procedure – revision – contract law – privity of contract – liability of non-party – powers of witness vs. guarantor – irregular ex parte proceedings – court powers of revision.
13 August 2025
A conviction for statutory rape of a child under ten was upheld, with mandatory life imprisonment affirmed despite alleged evidentiary contradictions.
Criminal law – statutory rape – burden of proof – credibility of child witness – effect of delay in reporting – contradictions in testimony – sentencing – mandatory life imprisonment for victim under ten years – Penal Code ss 130, 131(3).
12 August 2025
5 August 2025
July 2025
The court struck out a land recovery suit for non-compliance with mandatory notice requirements in government proceedings.
Government Proceedings Act – Compliance with section 6(2) – Service of 90 days’ notice to Solicitor General mandatory.
31 July 2025
The court dismissed a land ownership claim, affirming the 1st defendant's lawful ownership based on unchallenged tribunal judgment.
Land Law – Ownership dispute over Plot No. 138, Block 'D' in Mbinga Town – Validity of sale – Identity and credibility of claimant.
23 July 2025
Plaintiff's claim of land ownership dismissed due to lack of proof, defendants found lawful occupants through village government allocation.
Land law – ownership – disputed land – plaintiff's claim of ownership from inheritance – defendants' claim of land allocation by government during operation vijiji.
23 July 2025
The court upheld the conviction for unlawful possession of government trophy, affirming correct legal procedure and evidence handling.
Criminal Law – wildlife conservation – unlawful possession of government trophy – identification of evidence – chain of custody – procedural fairness.
22 July 2025
Appeal partly allowed; conviction for armed robbery set aside, conviction for grievous harm upheld with five-year sentence.
Criminal law – Armed robbery – Causing grievous harm – Evidence evaluation – Sentencing – Common intention.
22 July 2025
18 July 2025
18 July 2025
17 July 2025
Court approves adoption of child, emphasizing the child's best interest and compliance with legal requirements.
Child Adoption – determination of best interest of the child – compliance with legal procedures for adoption
16 July 2025
The applicants received a 14-day extension to file a revision application due to technical and electoral-related delays.
Labor Law – Extension of time – Grounds for delay – Technical delay – Electoral participation.
14 July 2025
14 July 2025
Court upheld the legality of fines and livestock confiscation under by-laws for grazing in restricted areas.
Environmental Management Act - by-laws - legal validity of fines - livestock grazing - lease agreement compliance
11 July 2025
10 July 2025