High Court of Tanzania

This is the second level in the Judiciary justice delivery hierarchy. It has both appellate and original powers on civil and criminal matters. It also hears appeals from the Courts of Resident Magistrate, the District Courts, and the District Land and Housing Tribunals in exercise of their original, appellate and/or revisional jurisdiction. The High Court is divided into Zones and specialized Divisions. 

Physical address
24 Kivukoni Road, P O Box: S.L.P. 9004
896 judgments

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896 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
June 2025
Applicant failed to prove late supply of proceedings or show diligence; extension of time refused and costs awarded.
Extension of time – Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) and CPC s.95 – applicant must give good and sufficient cause per Lyamuya: account for all delay, show diligence – failure to produce or prove late supply of trial proceedings – delay attributable to applicant’s negligence – application dismissed with costs.
10 June 2025
10 June 2025
10 June 2025
5 June 2025
Appellate court affirms conviction for personating a public officer; cautioned statement not mandatory and prosecution proved case beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Personating public officer – Elements: pretending to be in public service and intending to benefit – proof beyond reasonable doubt. Evidence – Cautioned statement not mandatory; admissibility optional and non-production not fatal where other credible evidence exists. Evidence – Minor contradictions in peripheral details do not vitiate prosecution case. Sentencing – Sentence under s.35 Penal Code lawful; first offender status a mitigating factor.
3 June 2025
A court must ascertain an accused's age; trying a child in an adult court renders proceedings a nullity.
Jurisdiction – Age of accused as jurisdictional fact; Law of the Child Act – requirement to refer suspected child to Juvenile Court; Plea of guilty – does not cure jurisdictional defect; Proceedings in court lacking jurisdiction are a nullity; Remedy – nullification and release, with option to re‑prosecute in proper court.
3 June 2025
May 2025
Proceedings nullified and conviction quashed where DPP consent and jurisdiction certificate were not duly endorsed; retrial ordered.
Criminal law – unlawful possession of government trophy; jurisdiction – requirement for DPP’s consent and certificate conferring jurisdiction to be duly endorsed and acknowledged by trial court; failure to endorse renders proceedings a nullity; retrial ordered.
30 May 2025
An appellant must give clear, consistent, and sufficient reasons to obtain extension of time to set aside an ex parte judgment.
Civil procedure – extension of time – condonation requires good and sufficient cause – applicant must give a detailed, consistent explanation of delay. Land procedure – ex parte proceedings – necessity for proof of service or substituted service under Tribunal regulations before proceeding ex parte. Appellate review – interference with discretionary refusal of extension only where exercise of discretion was erroneous.
29 May 2025
Appellate court upheld respondent’s ownership on balance of probabilities and found denial to amend defence justified; appeal dismissed.
Land law – ownership dispute over two acres – burden of proof on balance of probabilities; credibility and corroboration of witnesses. Civil procedure – amendment of pleadings – refusal justified where application made after closure of other party’s case and would prejudice that party. Appellate review – first appeal as rehearing; appellate duty to re-evaluate evidence and make independent findings of fact.
29 May 2025
Claim of slander failed for lack of proof, hearsay evidence and contradictions; trial judgment set aside.
Defamation — proof on balance of probabilities — parties bound by pleadings — hearsay and contradictions in dates undermine claimant’s case — qualified privilege must be raised and proved.
28 May 2025
Court struck out suit for failure to mediate and lack of pecuniary jurisdiction; e‑filing and e‑signature deemed valid.
Civil procedure — Electronic filing — plaint filed via eCMS using MS Word and annexures in PDF satisfies Order IV and Electronic Filing Rules (rules 11, 13). Contract law — Dispute resolution — contractual mediation clause must be exhausted before initiating court proceedings. Jurisdiction — Pecuniary jurisdiction — suit value within District Court threshold precludes High Court jurisdiction. Pleadings — Signature requirement — electronic user ID deemed compliance with Order VI r.14 by Electronic Filing Rules.
28 May 2025
Appeal dismissed: appellant afforded fair trial, prosecution proved grievous harm beyond reasonable doubt, sentence upheld.
Criminal law – causing grievous harm – proof beyond reasonable doubt – eyewitness and medical evidence; Right to a fair trial – right to give defence, call witnesses and cross-examine – adjournment and failure to produce witnesses; Sentencing – consideration of mitigating factors; Self-defence raised but insufficient to create reasonable doubt.
27 May 2025
An execution-stage order is not appealable; revision was the proper remedy and the District Court’s dismissal was nullified.
Civil procedure – Execution orders – Orders made at execution stage are not appealable; remedy by revision. Appeals lie only where law permits. Revisional jurisdiction vs appellate jurisdiction; exceptional circumstances required to substitute revision for appeal. Recording and recognition of settlements during execution stage.
22 May 2025
Extension of time to challenge presidential removal refused for failure to account for three-year delay after recovery.
Extension of time; prerogative orders (certiorari and mandamus); Lyamuya criteria — account for delay, non-inordinate delay, diligence, point of law; sickness as potential ground for extension; requirement to account for each day of delay; inadmissibility of new points raised in rejoinder without reply opportunity.
21 May 2025
Extension granted where trial court lacked jurisdiction due to untendered conciliation certificate.
Civil procedure — extension of time to appeal; requirement of good and sufficient cause; illegality apparent on face of record; jurisdiction — failure to tender Marriage Conciliation Board certificate; proof of marriage; advocate negligence not sufficient.
15 May 2025
13 May 2025
13 May 2025
13 May 2025
13 May 2025
8 May 2025
April 2025
30 April 2025
30 April 2025
29 April 2025
29 April 2025
29 April 2025
Four‑month delay in filing appeal was inordinate; ignorance, alleged prison e‑filing problems and awaiting counsel did not justify extension.
Criminal procedure – extension of time to file notice of intention to appeal and appeal under section 361(2) – requirement to show good and sufficient cause. Civil procedure principles (Lyamuya factors) applied to delay: account for delay, absence of inordinate delay, diligence, or point of law. Ignorance of law, counsel’s or third‑party mistakes and uncorroborated prison system problems do not ordinarily constitute good cause.
17 April 2025
Applicant’s unsupported illness and ignorance of law failed to establish good cause for extension of time to appeal.
Criminal procedure — extension of time to file appeal — requirement to show good and sufficient cause; applicant must account for entire period of delay; ignorance of law not good cause; illness must be supported by medical evidence; alleged institutional delay must be proved by affidavits of responsible officers.
17 April 2025
Applicant granted interim injunction restraining respondents from dealing with specified properties pending suit.
Civil Procedure – Temporary injunction – Order XXXVII, Rule 1(b) CPC – Three‑fold Atilio test: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience – Interim restraint on dealing with mortgaged properties pending suit.
17 April 2025
Closing defence despite notified sickness denied the applicant’s right to be heard and nullified subsequent proceedings.
Land disputes – District Land and Housing Tribunal – right to be heard/natural justice – regulation 11(1)(c) GN. No.174/2003 – sickness as "good cause" – ex parte proceedings – nullity and remittal for rehearing.
9 April 2025
Court granted non-disclosure, in-camera and publication restrictions to protect prosecution witnesses facing real threats.
Criminal procedure – witness protection – court may, on ex parte application by DPP under s.188, order non-disclosure of witness identity, non-disclosure of statements likely to identify witnesses, in-camera trial and other protective measures; risk of intimidation and obstruction of justice justifies protective orders; accused must receive non-identifying summary of evidence; remote testimony (video conferencing) to be decided by trial judge after filing.
3 April 2025
3 April 2025
3 April 2025
March 2025
27 March 2025
25 March 2025
Appeal struck out as incompetent due to differing party capacities and incorrect case number; 14 days granted to refile.
Land appeal — Competency — Discrepancy in parties’ capacities (administrators v. personal) and wrong case number — Preliminary objection — Amendment not allowed after objection argued — Appeal struck out; leave to refile within 14 days.
17 March 2025
A contractual extension and ongoing breach revived limitation under section 7, so the suit was not time-barred.
Limitation law – continuing breach – section 7, Law of Limitation Act – effect of contractual extension/acknowledgement on commencement of limitation period – preliminary objection on time bar dismissed.
17 March 2025
Applicant’s illness did not satisfactorily account for a 25-day delay; extension to appeal was refused with costs.
Civil procedure – extension of time – applicant must show good and sufficient cause; each day of delay must be accounted for (Hassan Bushiri principle). Illness as ground for extension – medical treatment period may be excluded, but claimant must provide consistent evidence of recovery dates and explain remaining delay. Computation of delay – statutory appeal period runs from date of judgment; exclusion applies only to period of incapacity.
12 March 2025
Accused convicted of attempted murder where identification, injuries and seized knife linked him beyond reasonable doubt.
Criminal law – Attempted murder – identification at night; admissibility and chain of custody of weapon; medical report admissibility; application of Enock Kipela factors to establish mens rea.
6 March 2025
February 2025
The accused was found legally insane at the time of the killing and ordered detained in a mental institution under s.219(3)(a).
Criminal law – Insanity defence – Referral under s.220(1) Criminal Procedure Act – Psychiatric report admissibility and weight. Penal Code s.13 – legal incapacity due to disease of mind; burden and standard of proof. Criminal Procedure Act s.192(4) – proof of death and causal link. Criminal Procedure Act s.219(3)(a) – disposal where accused insane for offences attracting death or long imprisonment.
27 February 2025
Accused found legally insane at the time of the killing and ordered detained as a mentally disordered offender under section 219.
Criminal law – Insanity defence – Elements under section 13 Penal Code – incapacity to understand or appreciate wrongfulness due to mental disease. Criminal procedure – Referral for psychiatric examination under section 220 Criminal Procedure Act and admissibility of medical reports. Evidence – Proof of death and causation under section 192(4) Criminal Procedure Act; seizure and identification of weapon. Disposition – Special finding of insanity and detention under section 219(3)(a) Criminal Procedure Act.
27 February 2025
26 February 2025
25 February 2025
20 February 2025
20 February 2025
20 February 2025
Accused found legally insane at time of killing and ordered detained as a mentally disordered offender.
Criminal law – Insanity defence – Referral and psychiatric report under s.220 Criminal Procedure Act – Legal incapacity under s.13 Penal Code – Special finding and detention as mentally disordered offender under s.219(3)(a) – Death and causation admitted under s.192(4).
18 February 2025
An appeal filed beyond the 45-day limit under s361(1)(b) CPA is time-barred and is struck out; extension may be sought.
Criminal procedure — Time limit for appeal — Section 361(1)(b) CPA — Late filing of grounds of appeal — Delay caused by prison administration does not cure time-bar — Remedy: striking out; applicant may seek extension of time.
17 February 2025
7 February 2025
7 February 2025
Resignation did not amount to constructive dismissal; applicants awarded two months' unpaid allowances and certificates of service.
Employment law – constructive dismissal/forced resignation – five‑factor test (intention; objective unbearability; employer's role; likely continuation; last resort) – requirement to exhaust internal grievance mechanisms – distinction between permanent employment and part‑time/allowance engagements – entitlement to unpaid allowances and certificates of service.
6 February 2025