High Court Labour Division

High Court Labour Division is responsible for hearing and determining employment disputes. It was first inaugurated and launched in June 2007 under the Employment and Labour Relations Act.

23 judgments
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23 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
August 2023
Defective CMA referral, unmediated issues and reliance on unadmitted documents rendered the arbitration award a nullity.
Labour law – competence of referral – CMA F1 pleaded alternatively (termination/breach) and filling of incorrect part renders referral defective and proceedings a nullity. Labour law – mediation mandatory under Rule 4(2); arbitrator cannot hear issues that were not mediated. Civil procedure – arbitrator must adjudicate within scope of certificate of non-settlement (CMA F6) and pleadings. Evidence – consideration of documents not tendered or admitted is fatal; tribunal must decide on evidence properly adduced. Procedure – failure to determine a preliminary objection on competence/jurisdiction renders subsequent proceedings null and void.
30 August 2023
Termination was substantively and procedurally unfair where dismissal lacked required managerial approval and relied on inconsistent evidence.
Employment law — unfair dismissal — substantive and procedural fairness; suspension as interim measure; insubordination — requirement of lawful and reasonable instruction; authority to terminate — employees' handbook and necessity of Managing Director's approval; burden of proof on employer.
29 August 2023
Applicants who accepted a retrenchment package before referring a dispute were estopped from challenging fairness, despite the arbitrator's incorrect view on section 38.
Labour law – Retrenchment – Section 38 E.L.R.A. – Mandatory compliance with all subsections; employer cannot apply provisions selectively. Consultation and disclosure – Minutes admissible; employer’s disclosure need not always include full annual reports. Evidence – Foundation required for documentary exhibits; burden under section 110 Evidence Act to disprove signatures. Estoppel – Acceptance of retrenchment package before referral bars subsequent challenge of fairness.
23 August 2023
Extension of time denied where applicant failed to account for delay and alleged illegality was not apparent on the record.
Labour law – extension of time to file notice of appeal; requirement to account for each day of delay; technical delay from pursuing a struck-out revision; illegality must be apparent on the face of the record to warrant condonation; forum shopping and diligence in prosecuting appeals.
22 August 2023
An application was struck out as incompetent because the requisite CMA Form No.10 was not validly filed without prior leave after time expired.
Labour law – extension of time – filing of notice of intention to seek revision (CMA Form No.10) – validity of filing out of time without prior leave. Civil procedure – competence of application – striking out for incompetence where prerequisite filing was invalid. Procedural law – functus officio – prior jurisdictional ruling does not preclude fresh determination of validity of a specific filing. Computation of time – public holiday exception for filing deadlines.
18 August 2023
Respondent who accepted and retained retrenchment package is estopped from contesting the fairness of restructuring dismissal.
Employment law – retrenchment for operational requirements – restructuring after bank merger – substantive fairness (s37(2)(ii)); consultation and procedural fairness (s38, Rule 23). Evidence – documentary proof (structure charts, emails, consultation minutes, bank transfer) substantiating retrenchment and payment. Estoppel – acceptance and use of retrenchment package bars subsequent challenge to fairness.
18 August 2023
CMA lacks jurisdiction over disputes of public servants under Section 32A; internal Public Service Act remedies must be exhausted.
Labour law – jurisdiction – CMA lacks jurisdiction to entertain disputes of public servants post-2016 amendment (Section 32A). Public Service Act – definition of public servant – operational service within public service. Exhaustion of internal remedies – mandatory under Section 32A before approaching CMA. Procedural – parties are bound by issues pleaded at trial; court confined review to jurisdictional issue.
16 August 2023
Award set aside where mediator altered the pleaded dispute without amendment; mediation is compulsory and tribunal bound by pleadings.
Labour law – compulsory mediation in CMA disputes – mediator and arbitrator bound by parties' pleadings; mediator cannot change dispute without amendment. Pleadings – defective CMA F1 renders proceedings incompetent. Procedure – failure to undergo compulsory mediation vitiates subsequent arbitration award.
16 August 2023
Specific-task employment ended with project completion; retrenchment raised at revision was inadmissible and dismissal of application affirmed.
Employment law – specific-task contracts v. unspecified-period contracts; burden to prove reasons for termination; inadmissibility of new factual grounds (retrenchment) on revision; non est factum defence; notice and statutory termination procedures under Employment and Labour Relations Act.
15 August 2023
An arbitrator’s reliance on an untendered affidavit vitiated the CMA award, leading to nullification and a trial de novo.
Employment law – unfair termination – whether termination was by agreement or unilateral termination. Evidence – admissibility – documents in file but not tendered cannot be considered as evidence. Fair hearing – reliance on untendered affidavit may violate the right to be heard and vitiate proceedings. Remedies – procedural irregularity may lead to nullification of award and ordering of trial de novo.
15 August 2023
Whether mediators have jurisdiction to determine condonation and if conflicting High Court decisions should be certified to the Court of Appeal.
Labour law – mediation vs arbitration – jurisdiction of mediators to grant condonation (extension of time); Certification of points of law under s.58 LIA and Rule 53 Labour Court Rules; Distinction between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta when identifying conflicting decisions.
15 August 2023
Extension denied where applicants executed the award, failed to account for delay and abused court process.
Labour law – extension of time – requirement to show good cause and account for each day of delay; execution of award – effect on right to challenge award; abuse of court process; inadmissibility of oral submissions in place of affidavit evidence.
14 August 2023
Applicants failed to account for delay or provide admissible evidence; extension of time to file review was dismissed.
Labour procedure – extension of time to file review – requirement to account for each day of delay; competence and form of Notice of Application; mis‑citation of provisions; Rule 27 notice of review as precondition; admissibility of allegations and hearsay; representative suit and scope of representative’s authority.
11 August 2023
Extension of time to file revision denied for unexplained delay, defective affidavit and non‑apparent illegality.
Labour law – Extension of time to file revision – requirement to show good cause and account for each day of delay; Civil procedure – Illegality as ground for extension – must be apparent on the face of the record; Advocacy – negligence, misinterpretation or sickness of counsel not sufficient grounds without supporting affidavits; Evidence – affidavits must disclose identities and supporting deponents; hearsay statements have no evidential value.
11 August 2023
Applicant refused notices and hearings; court held he deprived himself of the right to be heard and dismissed the revision.
Labour law – termination for absenteeism – service of disciplinary notices – refusal to accept service and attendance – right to be heard; evidentiary rule that issues not raised in CMA evidence cannot be considered on revision.
11 August 2023
A mediator lacks jurisdiction to grant condonation; such applications must be determined by an arbitrator.
Labour law – CMA procedure – Application for condonation involves legal issues and judicial discretion; mediators lack jurisdiction to determine condonation. Mediation – mediator's role limited to assisting settlement; confidentiality and party confidence must be preserved. Remedy – decision by mediator granting condonation nullified; matter remitted to arbitrator for de novo hearing.
11 August 2023
CMA lacked jurisdiction where termination dispute was filed after 30 days without a condonation application.
Labour law – Limitation – filing of termination disputes within 30 days under Rule 10(1), GN. No. 64/2007; condonation required for late filing – absence of CMA F2/affidavit deprives CMA of jurisdiction; CMA proceedings and award nullified for lack of jurisdiction.
11 August 2023
11 August 2023
Termination for alleged poor performance was substantively and procedurally unfair; remedies reduced to 20 months' compensation.
Labour law — Termination for poor performance — Necessity of identifiable, reasonable and known performance standard (GN. No. 42/2007 Rules 16–17) — Mandatory investigation, warning and opportunity to improve (Rule 18 and Guidelines) — Natural justice breach where Board pre-decides and hears its own case — Remedies under s.40 ELRA are disjunctive; cannot award reinstatement and compensation conjunctively without complying with s.40(2)–(3).
11 August 2023
Reassignment without reasons and reliance on unadmitted exhibits rendered the CMA award a nullity; rehearing ordered.
Labour arbitration — reassignment of arbitrator without recorded reasons — confidentiality of mediation — improper admission of exhibits — right to be heard — nullity of proceedings — rehearing de novo.
9 August 2023
Termination was substantively justified but procedurally unfair; four months' compensation awarded.
Employment law – unfair termination – substantive v procedural fairness; employer bears burden under s.39 ELRA. Evidence/estoppel – signed hearing form and in-court admissions amount to admission of misconduct. Procedure – failure to serve investigation report violates Rule 13 GN No.42/2007 and employer's disciplinary manual; improperly constituted disciplinary committee. Remedy – where substantive fairness established but procedural defects exist, court may award compensation below statutory 12 months (s.40(1)(c)), here four months' salary.
7 August 2023
Failure to file mandatory CMA Form No.10 under Regulation 34(1) renders a revision application incompetent.
Labour law – Revision procedure – Regulation 34(1) G.N. No.47/2017 – Mandatory notice of intention to seek revision (CMA Form No.10); Failure to file/serve notice – renders revision incompetent; Overriding objective cannot cure breach of important procedural requirements; CMA Form No.10 – both administrative and judicial functions; Striking out for non‑compliance.
4 August 2023
Technical delay from an incompetent appeal can justify extension of time despite advocate negligence.
Labour law – extension of time to file notice of appeal – Rule 83(2) Court of Appeal Rules; technical delay where an originally lodged appeal is found incompetent; counsel negligence versus applicant's right to appeal; application of Lyamuya principles to determine good cause.
4 August 2023