High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

344 judgments
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344 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2018
Application to set aside dismissal struck out as incompetent for invoking irrelevant statutory provisions.
Civil procedure — Competence of application — Setting aside dismissal order — Invocation of wrong statutory provisions (s.51(1) LDCA; Order IX r.4 CPC) — Application struck out as incompetent. Procedure — Court’s duty to assess relevancy of legal basis and to require parties to address competence of pleadings.
29 November 2018
September 2018
A late appeal beyond the 45-day statutory period must be dismissed; extension must be sought before filing.
Land law — Appeals — Time limit for appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal — 45-day statutory period — Late appeal dismissed; extension of time must be sought before filing under the proviso to the statute.
19 September 2018
Omission of the plaint’s required statement of value is a fatal defect; suit struck out with costs.
Civil procedure – Pleadings – Order VII Rule 1(a)(i) CPC – Requirement that plaint state value of subject matter for jurisdiction and court fees – Mandatory provision – Omission fatal – Suit struck out.
19 September 2018
Default judgment granted after substituted service, declaring plaintiff owner of 10-acre Msongola land with eviction and damages.
Land law; substituted service by publication; default judgment under Rule 14(1), Order VIII Civil Procedure Code; declaration of title; eviction; award of general damages.
14 September 2018
A tribunal's finding of res judicata without hearing parties breached natural justice; proceedings and judgment set aside.
Land law — res judicata — trial tribunal raised and decided res judicata in judgment without hearing parties — breach of audi alteram partem — proceedings and judgment nullified — revisionary powers exercised.
5 September 2018
August 2018
Respondent's village allocation receipt and credible witnesses outweighed appellant's unproven claim of prior allocation; appeal dismissed.
Land law – proof of village allocation – documentary receipts and village witnesses; Evidence – assessment of weight and credibility of oral and documentary evidence; Admissibility and effect of newly produced evidence on appeal; Possession and cultivation do not substitute lawful allocation or title.
31 August 2018
Lower tribunals' finding of a valid gift upheld; sale evidence failed and adverse possession not established.
Land law – proof of title – gift supported by witness testimony and documentary exhibits. Appeal procedure – new issues (allegation of forgery/fraud) cannot be raised first on appeal; fraud must be pleaded and strictly proved. Transfer and sale – nemo dat quod non habet; purchaser cannot acquire good title from a vendor without title. Adverse possession – requisite period not established; cause of action arose in 2014. Appellate review – lower tribunal's credibility findings deserve deference.
31 August 2018
Private unapproved survey reports lack legal effect; claimant must prove encroachment even in ex parte proceedings, appeal dismissed.
Land law – boundary disputes – requirement that survey plans be prepared by licensed surveyors and lodged/approved by the Surveyor-General – evidentiary effect of unapproved private surveys – burden of proof in ex parte proceedings – re-survey by municipal surveyor justified.
31 August 2018
Failure to account for delay and to produce corroborating evidence defeats application for extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay; allegations of non-service of notice must be supported by credible evidence. Court's duty to issue notice for judgment on notice does not absolve parties of their duty to act diligently. Evidentiary requirement – corroboration of routine follow-ups (documents or supporting affidavits) necessary.
31 August 2018
Failure to attach the intended appeal and to file a Notice of Intention to Appeal is fatal to an extension application.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal – requirement to attach copy of intended appeal/judgment to enable assessment of prospects of success. Civil procedure – Notice of Intention to Appeal – necessity of filing before seeking extension to lodge appeal. Leave to appeal – test of arguable/primafacie appeal.
31 August 2018
A fresh suit alleging fraud on a prior High Court judgment was incompetent and dismissed as abuse of process.
Land law; challenge to prior High Court judgment alleged procured by fraud; remedies — appeal, review, revision or fresh suit; res judicata and abuse of court process; competence of proceedings; proper forum to impugn another High Court judge’s decision (Court of Appeal).
31 August 2018
Guarantor's application to restrain mortgage sale failed for lack of triable issue, irreparable harm, and favourable balance of convenience.
Land law – Temporary injunction – Guarantor’s mortgage – Enforcement of loan security – Tests for interim injunction: triable issue, irreparable harm, balance of convenience.
31 August 2018
An application is incompetent where the chamber summons is not filed together with its supporting affidavit, warranting striking out.
Civil procedure — Chamber Summons must be filed with supporting affidavit — Filing and receipt dates — Competence of application — Order VIII Rule 1(2) CPC — Incompetent application struck out — Costs.
31 August 2018
Revision against a land tribunal was incompetent for citing wrong statutory provisions and the application was struck out.
Land law – Revision of District Land and Housing Tribunal decisions – Proper enabling provisions under the Land Disputes Courts Act (s.43) required. Civil procedure – Competence of applications – Wrong citation/non‑enabling provisions render application incompetent and liable to be struck out. Procedural law – Non‑appearance of parties – potential dismissal for want of prosecution. Costs – No costs where court raises issue suo motu.
30 August 2018
Temporary injunction granted to restrain disposal of allegedly mortgaged matrimonial properties pending resolution of spousal consent dispute.
Land law – temporary injunction under Order XXXVII R.1(a) – Atilio test (prima facie case; irreparable harm; balance of convenience). Matrimonial property – requirement of spousal consent to disposition (Land Act s.114; Law of Marriage Act s.59(1)). Interim relief – preservation of status quo pending trial where sale would render the main suit nugatory.
30 August 2018
A revision founded on provisions that do not vest revisional jurisdiction in the High Court is incompetent and struck out.
Civil procedure - jurisdiction - revisional powers - Section 36(1)(a),(b) and (2) of the Land Disputes Courts Act confer revisional powers on District Land and Housing Tribunals, not the High Court. Civil procedure - competence of applications - wrong or non-enabling provisions render an application incompetent and liable to be struck out. Courts - suo motu identification of jurisdictional defect - remedy and costs implications.
30 August 2018
Court grants extension to file appeal where delay caused by late delivery of judgment, favoring substantive rights.
Land law – extension of time – section 41(2) Land Courts Disputes Act – discretion to extend time; Procedural law – court discretion to favor determination of substantive rights over punishment for procedural mistakes (Cropper v. Smith; D.T. Dobie); Delay attributed to late supply of judgment and decree; No order as to costs.
29 August 2018
Leave to appeal granted where adverse possession and mis-evaluation of evidence raise arguable points of law.
Land law — adverse possession; Civil procedure — leave to appeal under s.47(1) Land Disputes Courts Act; Requirement of an arguable point of law or disturbing features; Evaluation of evidence as ground for appeal.
29 August 2018
Extension application struck out for citing wrong statutory provision; section 38(1) governs appeals from Ward Tribunal.
Land Disputes Courts Act – jurisdictional provisions – distinction between section 41(2) (appeals from District Tribunal in original jurisdiction) and section 38(1) (appeals from District Tribunal in appellate/revisional jurisdiction over Ward Tribunal decisions) – extension of time – incompetence and striking out of application citing wrong provision.
29 August 2018
Leave to appeal granted because the applicable limitation period for land suits (six v. twelve years) raises an arguable legal issue.
Land law – limitation period – whether limitation for land suits is six or twelve years – applicability of item 24, Part I, Schedule to the Law of Limitation (Cap 89). Civil procedure – leave to appeal under s.47(1) Land Disputes Courts Act – test for leave: arguable point of law/novelty/prima facie appeal (Rutaganita).
28 August 2018
Failure to state currency and to verify pleadings rendered the plaint incompetent and the suit was struck out.
Civil procedure – Pleadings – plaint must state value of subject matter (including currency) for jurisdiction and court fees – verification of pleadings – non-compliance renders plaint incurably defective – suit struck out; Land Disputes Courts Act s.37(a) – High Court pecuniary jurisdiction.
27 August 2018
An application supported by an incurably defective affidavit and lacking citation of the enabling provision is incompetent and struck out.
Civil procedure – extension of time application – requirement to cite correct enabling provision to properly move the Court. Civil procedure – affidavits – verification clause – Order XIX Rule 3(1) CPC requires statements confined to deponent's own knowledge; source of beliefs must be disclosed. Incurably defective affidavit – effect is to render the entire application incompetent and liable to be struck out.
27 August 2018
An extension of time application filed under the Law of Limitation Act was incompetent; Section 41(2) of the Land Disputes Courts Act governs such appeals.
Land law – appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal exercising original jurisdiction – applicability of Section 41(2) of the Land Disputes Courts Act for extension of time. Procedural law – competence of proceedings – improper citation of statutory provision renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out. Civil procedure – ex parte proceedings – court may determine competence before granting ex parte relief where service and appearance issues arise.
27 August 2018
Applicant failed to satisfy Atilio requirements; temporary injunction to restrain sale of mortgaged property denied.
Civil procedure – interim injunction – Order XXXVII Rule 1; Atilio v Mbowe test: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; mortgage enforcement – sale of secured property; adequacy of damages versus irreparable loss.
27 August 2018
Extension application in a land appeal struck out for wrong statutory citation; Section 38(1) LDCA is the proper provision.
Land law — Extension of time to appeal — Correct enabling provision for land matters is s.38(1) of the Land Disputes Courts Act — Wrong citation (s.11(1) AJA) renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out.
27 August 2018
Registered title established ownership; fraud on duplicate title not proved, plaintiffs awarded damages, interest and costs.
Land law — registered title as conclusive evidence of ownership under the Land Registration Act; allegation of fraud in title acquisition requires strict proof; award of general damages, interest and costs.
24 August 2018
Application for certificate of point of law dismissed because one ground was not a point of law and the other was newly raised on appeal.
Land law – certification under s.47(2) LDCA for appeals from Ward Tribunal; point of law requirement; new grounds not raised at trial cannot be introduced on appeal; insufficiency of evidence not necessarily a point of law.
24 August 2018
Long undisturbed occupation (adverse possession) upheld; appellate tribunal erred in ordering retrial.
Land law – Adverse possession/time limitation – Long uninterrupted occupation (23+ years) gives entitlement to ownership; Appellate review – District Tribunal’s ordering of trial de novo where Ward Tribunal’s factual finding was supported was improper; Evidence – Ward Tribunals not bound by strict procedural rules and their locus inspections merit deference.
24 August 2018
Illness and death of the intended appellant constituted sufficient cause to extend time for filing an appeal; extension granted.
Civil procedure – application for extension of time to appeal – sufficient cause – illness and death of intended appellant as ground for extension. Evidence – medical records – name discrepancy on records does not necessarily vitiate evidentiary value where identity is otherwise established. Exercise of judicial discretion – extension granted in interests of justice.
24 August 2018
An appellate court will not disturb trial tribunals' factual findings after a locus visit absent misdirection on the evidence.
Land law – easement and obstruction of public way; weight of evidence and assessment of witness credibility; importance of locus in quo visit; appellate interference in second appeals limited to misdirection or non‑direction on evidence; role of assessors' opinions in appellate decision making.
24 August 2018
Alleged 1993 sale unproven; transfers void, purchaser not innocent; plaintiff declared owner with rectification and damages.
Land law – requirement of written contract for disposition of right of occupancy (Section 64(1) Land Act). Proof of sale – transfer deed alone insufficient; need written agreement or memorandum. Limitation – cause of action runs when plaintiff’s title is judicially recognized (here 2008). Innocent purchaser – duty to search; caveat defeats claim of innocence. Civil fraud – higher standard of proof required. Locus – judicial notice of letters of administration acceptable.
24 August 2018
Appellant's repeated non-appearance justified ex parte ward judgment; appeal dismissed and costs awarded.
Land law – ex parte ward-tribunal judgment – validity where summons served multiple times; appellate review of sufficiency of evidence when one party defaults; locus standi – local authority/community interest in land; procedural remedy – setting aside ex parte judgment vs filing fresh suit; res judicata.
24 August 2018
Appellant failed to prove the sold house was excluded from the mortgaged plot; appeal dismissed, sale upheld.
Land law – mortgage and security – consent to mortgage plot later improved – improvements form part of mortgaged property; Evidence – burden of proof under s.110–111 Law of Evidence Act; Sale of secured property – chattels mortgage clause permitting sale without court order; Bona fide purchaser status; Validity of sale where certificate lacks court seal not fatal where agreement permits private sale/auction.
24 August 2018
Appellate court upheld trial finding on ownership, refusing to disturb credibility-based factual conclusions; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – proof of ownership – assessment of oral and documentary evidence to establish title. Evidence – weight and credibility of witnesses – appellate deference to trial court findings. Civil procedure – role of site inspection and limits on disturbing factual findings on appeal.
24 August 2018
Whether an interim injunction should restrain a mortgagee from selling mortgaged property pending trial and appeal.
Land law – Interim injunction – Mortgagee’s power of sale – Prima facie case, irreparable harm and balance of convenience required (American Cyanamid/Attilio v Mbowe) – Appointment of auctioneer and sale restrained pending trial/appeal.
24 August 2018
Registrar validly rectified the land register after a fraud-tainted transfer; appellant had notice and is not entitled to indemnity.
Land registration — rectification of register under s.99(1)(f) — fraud-tainted transfer; Natural justice — notice and right to be heard — service and non-response; Probate v. registrarial correction — Registrar’s power to restore original owner; Indemnity under s.100 — requirement of application, proof of development, and bar where claimant contributed to loss.
24 August 2018
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to set aside a final inter partes judgment; inherent powers could not substitute appeal.
Civil procedure — setting aside final inter partes judgment — functus officio principle; inherent powers (s.95 CPC) supplemental not substitutive; remedy is appeal; extension of time — requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay; sickness of counsel — requires proof and prompt action.
24 August 2018
Whether the respondent willfully disobeyed a pending interlocutory injunction and appropriate contempt sanction (fine/imprisonment).
Civil procedure – Contempt of court – Demolition in breach of interlocutory injunction – Willful disobedience. Interim injunctions – Lifespan under Order XXXVII Rule 3 – effect of injunction "pending hearing and determination" and need to seek review/extension. Pleading requirements – Wrong citation of enabling law not fatal where substantive justice is served. Sanctions for contempt – fine and default civil imprisonment; appropriateness of monetary penalty.
24 August 2018
A missing advocate signature is a curable procedural error; plaintiff must amend to sue defendants in representative capacity and join co-administrators.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – advocate’s signature on plaint – procedural omission curable by amendment (Order VI r14, r17). Advocates Act – endorsement of drafter’s name. Capacity and joinder – suing legal personal representative; non-joinder/misjoinder curable (Order I r9). Authorities: Cropper v Smith; Transgem Trust; Mukisa test.
23 August 2018
An application under s.38(1) is incompetent where the impugned decision stems from the District Tribunal's original jurisdiction.
Land law – extension of time to appeal – Section 38(1) Land Disputes Courts Act – applicable only where District Tribunal exercised appellate or revisional jurisdiction. Jurisdiction – original vs appellate jurisdiction of the District Land and Housing Tribunal – correct statutory route for appeal. Procedure – wrong citation of law renders an application incompetent and liable to be struck out. Costs – incompetent applications attract the usual adverse costs consequences.
23 August 2018
Applicant granted extension to file appeal documents because court failed to notify parties of the judgment date.
Extension of time — s.11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act — sufficient cause requires valid explanation, promptness and diligence — duty of trial court to notify parties of date for delivery of judgment — extension granted to file notice of appeal and application for leave out of time.
23 August 2018
Appeal dismissed: affidavits and tribunal visit sufficiently proved refusal of summons, so ex parte judgment remains valid.
Land procedure – setting aside ex parte judgment – service of summons – affidavits of process servers as proof; refusal to accept service – burden of proof; role of site visit evidence; calling witnesses (local leader) not required where affidavit evidence is credible.
21 August 2018
Land claim dismissed as time‑barred and plaintiff lacked proof of appointment as administratrix.
Limitation of actions – accrual of cause of action – effect of district court direction to file fresh suit (accrual in 2001) – twelve‑year limitation expired 2012. Res judicata – prior proceedings and appellate direction to institute fresh suit. Locus standi – requirement for proof of appointment as administratrix (court order/Form IV) before suing on estate’s behalf. Preliminary objections – dismissal of time‑barred suit with costs.
21 August 2018
Respondent acquired disputed village land by adverse possession after lawful reallocation; appeal dismissed.
Land law – village land allocation and reallocation; abandonment and administrative "agizo"; adverse possession/long undisturbed occupation; appellate deference to trial credibility findings.
20 August 2018
An appellate court will not disturb trial credibility and locus-in-quo findings in clan versus inherited land disputes.
Land dispute – clan land v. inherited private land – locus standi to sue in absence of probate – weight of oral evidence and credibility – locus in quo visit – appellate restraint on credibility findings.
20 August 2018
Extension of time granted where a lay applicant was misled by assistance that resulted in filing the wrong application.
Civil procedure – extension of time – sufficient cause – where lay applicant was misled by person drafting wrong application* Ignorance of law generally not a defence but exception where litigant misled by advisor* Unauthorized written submissions – expunged from record* Rules of procedure are handmaids of justice
20 August 2018
Appeal dismissed for failure to prove a secret mortgage or unlawful auction; tribunal findings upheld.
Land law – auction of mortgaged property; proof of mortgage/loan agreement; evaluation of evidence on appeal; agency of auctioneer; non‑joinder and prejudice.
17 August 2018
Plaintiff declared lawful owner of disputed plot; counterclaim for third-party title and forgery unproven; 2nd defendant ordered to vacate.
Land law – Ownership of land – Disputed allocation and double allocation – first allocation gives superior title. Evidence – Burden of proof under s.110 Evidence Act – sale agreement impounded for stamp duty does not invalidate sale. Civil procedure – Counterclaim dismissed for want of prosecution; allegations of forgery require higher degree of proof.
17 August 2018
A claim over property of a deceased must be brought against the estate administrator, not a defendant sued in personal capacity.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection – correct party/capacity to be sued in actions concerning property of a deceased – Order XXX Rule 1 Civil Procedure Code. Land/disputed property – actions involving estate of deceased – administrator to be sued in representative capacity. Relief – striking out for wrong capacity; liberty to refile subject to limitation.
17 August 2018
Illness supported by medical evidence can constitute sufficient cause to restore a dismissed land appeal.
Land law – restoration/re-admission of dismissed land appeal – Order XXXIX CPC – sufficient cause required for setting aside dismissal. Sufficient cause – illness supported by medical card and affidavit may excuse non-appearance. Procedure – appellate review of tribunal's exercise of discretion; reliance on Mumello v Bank of Tanzania and related authorities.
17 August 2018