High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

344 judgments
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344 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
July 2018
Court granted temporary injunction pending trial after finding triable issue, irreparable harm, and balance of convenience favor applicant.
Civil procedure — Order XXXVII — Temporary injunction — requirements: triable issue, irreparable injury, balance of convenience — interlocutory relief in land disputes — prohibition on prejudging merits.
13 July 2018
Failure to aver or file the statutory 90‑day notice under section 6(2) renders a suit against the Government incompetent.
Government Proceedings Act, Cap. 5 R.E.2002 – section 6(2) – requirement to issue 90 days' notice before suing the Government. Procedural compliance – pleadings and annexures must demonstrate statutory pre‑conditions; court not obliged to search other files. Service of notice – notice addressed to government agency official does not substitute service on the Attorney General where statute requires notification
13 July 2018
Applicant lacked locus standi to seek interim relief over deceased’s estate property without letters of administration.
Civil procedure – Interim injunction – Atilio v Mbowe test (prima facie triable issue, irreparable loss, balance of convenience). Locus standi – Letters of administration/appointment as administratrix required to sue concerning deceased’s estate. Property/land law – Sale by auction of mortgaged premises and challenges to sale where claimant lacks legal authority
13 July 2018
An extension application to appeal is incompetent without prior leave of the High Court (Land Division).
Appellate procedure – Leave to appeal required from High Court (Land Division) under s.47(1) Land Disputes Courts Act before appealing to the Court of Appeal; an extension application without prior leave is incompetent. Civil practice – Competence of applications for extension of time to appeal. Evidence/affidavit formalities – Jurat/signature defects may render affidavits defective (not decided where preliminary point is dispositive) Authority – Enock M. Chacha v Manager, NBC Tarime applied
13 July 2018
Whether a purchaser who paid a deposit retains title after the vendor resells; court upheld purchaser's ownership.
Land law – Sale of land – purchaser who paid deposit – validity of subsequent resale by vendor without refunding deposit – purchaser’s entitlement to ownership. Civil procedure – preliminary objection – locus standi – effect of misnaming in sale agreement and whether it defeats a purchaser’s claim Remedies – transfer of title, payment of interest for delayed payment, and right of subsequent purchaser to claim against original vendor
13 July 2018
High Court lacks jurisdiction over land sale arising from execution of a tax tribunal decision; appeal lies to Tax Revenue Appeals Board.
Tax law – enforcement of tax tribunal orders – warrant of distress and sale of land; jurisdiction of High Court (Land Division) vis-à-vis Tax Revenue Appeals Board; procedure for challenging execution of tax decisions; preliminary objection on locus standi not determined.
13 July 2018
Appellate tribunal must call parties if raising locus standi suo motu and nullify proceedings when suit is incompetent.
Civil procedure – capacity/locus standi – Suit by person claiming on behalf of deceased’s estate – Requirement to demonstrate legal authority to sue.* Appellate practice – tribunal raising point of law suo motu – duty to call parties to address the issue before judgment.* Effect of incompetence – when suit is incompetent for lack of locus standi the correct remedy is nullification of proceedings and orders.
13 July 2018
An applicant's reasonable reliance on counsel's negligence can amount to sufficient cause to set aside a dismissal for want of prosecution.
Civil procedure – Restoration of dismissed suit – discretionary remedy – requirement of 'sufficient cause' – liberal construction to advance substantial justice. Reliance on counsel – advocate negligence or lack of diligence can, in appropriate circumstances, amount to sufficient cause for restoration. Land law – dismissal for want of prosecution – setting aside dismissal and restoration of suit
13 July 2018
Ward tribunals in municipalities may hear land disputes; pecuniary limit depends on property value; appellant failed to prove an oral contract.
Ward tribunal jurisdiction in municipalities; pecuniary jurisdiction determined by value of subject matter not claimed compensation; burden of proof for oral contracts; appellate deference to factual findings of lower tribunals.
13 July 2018
Failure to attach the impugned decision to a leave-to-appeal application renders it incompetent and is fatal.
Court of Appeal Rules 2009 – Rule 49(3) and Rule 45(a) – mandatory requirement to attach copy of decision/order to application for leave to appeal; competence of leave application; Law of Limitation Act s.19(2) – exclusion of time for obtaining judgment copies; preliminary objection upheld; application struck out with costs.
10 July 2018
Appellate court upheld tribunal finding that the appellant failed to prove payment and that the contested document was forged.
Land law – sale/purchase agreement – alleged non-payment of balance; Civil evidence – forgery/fraud allegations require higher standard of proof; Appellate review – reluctance to disturb trial tribunal’s credibility and factual findings; Remedies – payment with interest or reversion of property to estate administrator.
6 July 2018
Appeal dismissed: tribunal correctly found disputed land was open space and no trespass, no mandatory locus inspection.
Land law — Trespass — Determination whether disputed parcel is open space under local authority control; requirement for locus in quo inspection; burden to prove ownership or easement; appellate review of Tribunal's evaluation of evidence.
6 July 2018
Applicant failed to prove sufficient cause for extension of time to appeal; application dismissed with costs.
Extension of time – Law of Limitation s.14 – applicant must account for each day of delay and show diligence – unsupported assertions of court delay do not excuse failure to produce evidence of follow-up – discretion to extend time exercised judicially.
6 July 2018
Applicants failed to show sufficient reasons to set aside ex parte judgment; counsel error and parallel suit were insufficient.
Civil procedure – application to set aside ex parte judgment (Order IX r.13 CPC) – sufficiency of reasons; service/non‑summons; existence of parallel suit and triable issues; advocate negligence/withdrawal of instructions; mandatory time limits for filing defence (Order VIII r.14 CPC).
6 July 2018
High Court lacks jurisdiction where plaint fails to state value of subject matter; matter remitted to District Land and Housing Tribunal.
Land law – jurisdiction – pecuniary jurisdiction determined by value of subject matter not by claimed damages – failure to state value of subject matter in plaint (Order 7 Rule 1(i) Civil Procedure Code) – matter to proceed before District Land and Housing Tribunal.
6 July 2018
Representative application not complying with Order 1 Rule 8 and filed after the 60‑day limit is incompetent.
Civil procedure — Representative proceedings — Order 1 Rule 8 CPC — mandatory compliance; Limitation — leave to file notice of appeal out of time — 60‑day principle applies where no specific period provided; Failure to comply renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out.
6 July 2018
Ward Tribunal properly constituted; respondent's earlier purchase gave valid title; later sales could not pass good title.
Land law – Ward Tribunal composition and quorum – compliance with statutory membership limits and minimum female membership; Sale of land – proof of purchase from original owner; nemo dat quod non habet – subsequent seller without title cannot pass good title; Right of appeal – requirement to explain and exercise of appeal rights; Appellate review – credibility and documentary evidence assessed by trial tribunal.
6 July 2018
An MOU did not divest the applicant of title; the applicant retains ownership and the respondent’s transfer is nullified.
Land law – ownership dispute over registered title; MOU insufficient to effect transfer of title; transfer declared null and void; counterclaim dismissed for lack of proof; family properties to be divided by probate or company dissolution; procedural defects in MOU (advocate witness/drafting issues).
6 July 2018
Extension refused where applicant failed to account for delay and alleged illegality was raised only as an afterthought.
Land law – extension of time to appeal under s.38(1) Land Disputes Courts Act; requirement to account for delay; Lyamuya guidelines and Mbogo factors. Copies of judgment/decree – section 38(2) does not require attaching copies; non‑supply not a sufficient excuse Illegality – must be apparent on record and not raised for first time in extension application; afterthoughts will not justify extension
3 July 2018
June 2018
Wrong citation of the specific statutory provision for extension of time renders the application to appeal incompetent and struck out.
Land law – Appeals – Extension of time to appeal – Proper enabling provision for appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal to High Court – Section 38(1) Land Disputes Courts Act versus Section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act. Civil procedure – Competency of application – Wrong citation/non‑citation of statutory provision renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out
29 June 2018
Applicant’s s.96 CPC application to correct typographical omissions (case number, missing respondents, omitted counterclaim) granted.
Civil procedure — Amendment of judgment — Section 96 CPC — Correction of errors apparent on the face of the record. Typographical/clerical errors — Wrong case citation and omission of parties/third parties. Decree amendment — Inclusion of omitted counterclaim (although dismissed). Unopposed applications — effect where errors are manifest
29 June 2018
A title obtained via fraudulent transfer by a non-administrator is void; municipal revocation of such title is lawful.
Land law – Ownership dispute – Whether a purported transfer of a deceased’s property by an unauthorized person can pass title – fraud vitiating transfer. Administrative revocation – Lawfulness of municipal revocation of title after fraud discovered Evidence – Application of s.123 Evidence Act (estoppel) and standard of proof for allegations of fraud. Transfers of right of occupancy – requirement of authority's consent; void agreements without consent Probate/administration – limits on transfer by non-administrator
29 June 2018
An application arising from execution must be brought under section 38(1) CPC; wrong citation led to striking out.
Execution proceedings – Questions arising from execution, discharge or satisfaction of decree – Section 38(1) CPC governs such disputes – Wrong citation of law – Section 95 (inherent powers) inapplicable where specific provision exists – Interlocutory relief cannot displace execution regime.
26 June 2018
Applicant failed to satisfy Atilio v Mbowe criteria; injunction against bank enforcing mortgage dismissed with costs.
Interlocutory injunctions; mortgage/security enforcement; Atilio v Mbowe criteria (prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience); courts will not shelter defaulting borrowers; contractual rights of lenders to enforce security.
25 June 2018
Disputed house forms part of the deceased's estate; concubinage and defective affidavit render applicant's ownership claim invalid.
Land law – ownership dispute over house allegedly built with deceased – whether property forms part of deceased's estate Succession/probate – administrator's role to deal with estate; court should not itself distribute estate assets. Family law – relevance of legality of marriage/concubinage to estate claims Wills – testamentary affidavit invalid where not witnessed by two witnesses as required by law (GN 436/1963, Sch.3, para.19)
22 June 2018
An application to restore a struck-out suit failed because the advocate's alleged illness lacked corroborating medical evidence.
Civil procedure – restoration of struck-out suit – Section 95 CPC – need to show sufficient cause; medical evidence required to prove advocate's illness; uncorroborated assertions and afterthoughts insufficient.
22 June 2018
Applicant failed to prove ownership; respondent established title and recovered rent arrears, damages and interest.
Land law – proof of ownership and burden of proof; Land registration and title – Certificate of Title and sale agreement as conclusive evidence; Lease law – tenant liability for rent arrears; Forged document – allegation of fraud requires strict proof; Change of land use – conversion of farm number to plot number.
22 June 2018
An application founded on wrongly cited statutory provisions is incompetent and is struck out with costs.
Civil procedure – jurisdiction and competence – wrong citation of enabling provisions renders an application incompetent; Order XXI Rule 20 concerns execution notices, not contempt/disobedience orders; Section 95 (inherent powers) is exceptional and cannot cure fundamental jurisdictional defects.
22 June 2018
High Court upholds tribunal ownership finding; appellants failed to prove excess value, long possession, or forgery.
Land law – jurisdiction – pecuniary jurisdiction of District Land and Housing Tribunal; valuation burden on party alleging excess value Evidence – documentary title (Right of Occupancy/Certificate) outweighs undocumented oral possession Possession – claim of long uninterrupted occupation/adverse possession must be proved Procedure – Tribunal must stick to pleaded issues; Regulation 20(1) relates to judgment contents Exhibits – allegations of forgery/alteration require proof and may be dealt with as separate criminal matters
22 June 2018
An applicant relying on a court clerk’s misinformation must produce a supplementary affidavit from that third party or the application fails.
Civil procedure – Setting aside dismissal for non-appearance – sufficiency of reasons – focus on explanation for absence rather than merit of case Evidence – Third-party assertions – requirement for supplementary affidavit where affidavit deposes to information from another person. Procedural fairness – allegations of court clerk misinformation require direct evidence, not hearsay
22 June 2018
Court dismissed review, finding no error apparent on record and applicant failed to prove annexures justified reopening the decision.
Review — Section 78 and Order XLII r.1(b) CPC — review permissible for new evidence or error apparent on face of record; competence of appeal; right to be heard; inadmissibility of re-opening own decision.
22 June 2018
Stay of execution should be sought in the appellate court; concurrent appeal and revision applications amount to abuse of process.
Civil Procedure – Stay of execution – Order XXI Rule 24(1) – Proper forum for stay where appeal lies to Court of Appeal Civil Procedure – Abuse of process – Concurrent appeal and revision applications – effect on entitlement to interim relief Execution – Appointment of court broker and proclamation of sale – timing of stay application
22 June 2018
Applicant's wrong statutory citation rendered extension application incompetent and it was struck out with costs.
Land appeals — extension of time — proper statutory provision post‑2016 is Section 41(2) Cap. 216; wrong citation fatal — application not moved; affidavit jurat must show date; verification must support averments; withdrawal not permitted after respondent raises preliminary objections.
22 June 2018
A purchaser from a person without title cannot acquire ownership; earlier village-approved sale and possession prevail.
Land law – sale and transfer – sale by non-owner (nemo dat) – purchaser from a person without title cannot acquire better title Evidence – burden of proof in claiming ownership – party alleging right must prove relevant facts. Possession and village-approved sale documents – evidential weight in land ownership disputes Procedural – assessment and weighing of evidence by trial tribunal reviewed and upheld
22 June 2018
Extension of time denied where applicant failed to prove sufficient cause, including inadequate proof of illness and unexplained delay.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – application under Limitation Act – requirement to show sufficient cause; proof of illness; accounting for delay; reliance on advocate’s conduct needing corroborating affidavit.
22 June 2018
Whether the applicant's consent was required and whether the mortgage was validly created with spouse consent.
Land law – spouse's consent for alienation of matrimonial home; burden of proof on spouse alleging lack of consent; Land Act and Mortgage Financing (Special Provisions) Act 2008 – duties of mortgagor and mortgagee to disclose and verify spousal status; validity of mortgage where another spouse provided written consent.
22 June 2018
Land claim dismissed as time-barred and for lack of locus standi; res judicata not established.
Law of Limitation – recovery of land from deceased: cause of action accrues on date of death (s.9(1), s.35 Law of Limitation Act); Limitation period 12 years. Locus standi – plaintiff must show status as legal personal representative; letters of administration and affidavit required. Res judicata – requires same parties and subject matter (s.9 Civil Procedure Code); prior tribunal decision held not binding where parties/subject differ
21 June 2018
A decree-holder must pursue execution under the tribunal’s Order XXI procedures; filing a fresh suit for enforcement is incompetent.
Land law – execution of tribunal decree – proper forum and procedure for enforcing possession decrees under Order XXI Rule 95 CPC. Civil procedure – preliminary objection – pure point of law vs. factual controversy (Mukisa Biscuit principle) Execution – resistance to delivery of immovable property – applicability to non-parties resisting possession
19 June 2018
Belated amendment of inconsistent Chamber Summons denied; application struck out for vagueness and delay.
Civil procedure – amendment of pleadings – belated amendment sought at hearing; vagueness and internally contradictory prayers in Chamber Summons; counsel’s negligence not a sufficient reason; Limitation Act (Part III Item 21) sixty‑day rule – failure to seek leave to file/amend out of time.
18 June 2018
Fraudulent spousal consent to mortgage not proved; lower tribunal’s finding upheld and appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law — Mortgage of matrimonial property — Spousal consent under s.114(1)(a) Land Act — Allegation of fraud in civil proceedings — Higher standard of proof for fraud — Appellate deference to tribunal’s factual findings.
18 June 2018
Plaintiff proved lawful purchase and title; defendants ordered to vacate and hand over possession; claimed specific damages denied.
Land law – Sale agreement and transfer of title – proof of purchase and transfer as evidence of ownership. Contractual covenant – vendors’ obligation to remove tenant – effect on entitlement to possession Evidence – burden of proof under section 110, Law of Evidence Act; specific damages must be specifically pleaded and strictly proved Relief – declaration of ownership, order for vacant possession, costs; dismissal of unproved specific damages
18 June 2018
Plaintiff's prior lawful acquisition created a subsisting right; later title to another is void, trespass and injunction granted.
Land law – valid acquisition by sale – evidence of sale agreement, offer letter and receipts; Effect of creation/acceptance of right of occupancy – subsequent grant null if prior right subsists; Certificate of Title issued contrary to prior subsisting right – nullity; Trespass and injunction; Burden of proof on balance of probabilities.
18 June 2018
Appeal against Tribunal’s dismissal of preliminary objection was premature and incompetent under section 74(2) CPC.
Civil procedure – Appealability – Interlocutory order – Whether dismissal of a preliminary objection by a tribunal is a final order – Application of Bozson test and section 74(2) Civil Procedure Code (Cap.33 R.E.2002).
18 June 2018
Extension of time refused where applicant and counsel were negligent and failed to demonstrate sufficient cause or diligence.
Civil procedure – Limitation – Application for extension of time under section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act – requirement of sufficient cause and diligence. Procedural duty – Applicant and counsel’s duty to follow up judgment delivery – negligence may defeat extension applications. Case law – principles on sufficient cause and accounting for delay (Bushiri; Yusuph Same; Benedict Mumello)
8 June 2018
Court granted six‑month interim injunction preventing respondents’ construction and alienation pending trial due to prima facie case and risk of irreparable harm.
Interim injunction — prima facie case; irreparable injury; balance of convenience; interlocutory relief without prejudging ownership; preservation of suit property.
8 June 2018
Failure to give sufficient reasons for delay — High Court dismisses extension application; Rule 49(3) not applicable in High Court.
Procedural law – extension of time under section 11(1) AJA – requirement to show sufficient reasons to exercise discretion; Evidence of delay – court’s failure to supply judgment/decree not a prerequisite for High Court extension applications; Court of Appeal Rules, 2009 – Rule 49(3) applicability limited to applications filed in the Court of Appeal; Procedural irregularities – substantive complaints do not constitute reasons for delay.
8 June 2018
Applicant failed to prove ownership or a binding PPP contract; fourth respondent holds title and suit is dismissed with costs.
Land law; ownership – proof by title (Right of Occupancy); burden and standard of proof in civil claims; contract formation – requirement of offer and acceptance for PPP agreements; specific performance claim dismissed for lack of binding agreement; eviction and title disputes.
8 June 2018
An appeal filed beyond the statutory 45‑day period is time barred; delay in obtaining certified copies does not excuse late filing without leave.
Land law – Appeals – Time limit for appeal from District Land and Housing Tribunal – Section 41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act (as amended) – 45 days from date of decision – Delay in obtaining certified copies not a substitute for applying for leave to file out of time.
8 June 2018
Leave to appeal requires a point of law; complaints about factual evaluation do not justify leave, application dismissed with costs.
Land law; leave to appeal to Court of Appeal under s.47(1) Land Disputes Courts Act; requirement of a point of law; distinction between questions of law and challenges to findings of fact/evidence; dismissal for failure to meet threshold.
8 June 2018
Court granted extension to file amended plaint, finding sufficient cause and no procedural abuse, each party to bear own costs.
Civil procedure – Extension of time (s.93 Civil Procedure Code) – applicants must account for each day of delay – discretion exercised judicially – sufficient cause includes dispute over beneficiaries’ rights and absence of procedural abuse – right to be heard emphasized; delay due to obtaining valuation report.
8 June 2018