High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

90 judgments
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90 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2022
Interim injunction denied where applicant failed to show a serious triable issue or favorable balance of convenience.
Civil procedure — Interim injunction — application must satisfy Atilio v Mbowe test: serious question to be tried/probability of success, irreparable injury, and balance of convenience — failure to establish all elements warrants dismissal.
29 April 2022
Sickness proven by a stamped hospital chit can justify restoration of a land case dismissed for want of prosecution.
Civil procedure — Restoration of dismissed proceedings; sufficient cause — sickness/hospital chit as excusable reason; District Land and Housing Tribunal — duty to consider and analyze reasons for non-appearance on dismissal date; relevance of prior adjournments as cumulative factors; remittal for continuation.
29 April 2022
Extension of time granted to appeal due to arguable illegality despite unexplained delay; preliminary objections dismissed.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Application for condonation – Requirement to account for each day of delay (Bushiri principle) – Alleged illegality on face of record may justify extension (Principal Secretary v Valambhia). Preliminary objections – Must be raised as points of law and not sprung in written submissions – Allegations of forgery require proof and police investigation before court reliance. Land law – Restitution proceedings – Issues of power of attorney, prematurity pending re-survey/subdivision, and proof of special damages relevant to arguable illegality.
29 April 2022
Arguable illegality on the record justified an extension of time despite imperfect accounting for delay.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Applicant must account for each day of delay, but arguable illegality on the face of the record may justify extension; preliminary objections must raise pure points of law and cannot rest on unproven allegations of forgery.
29 April 2022
Application for extension to file review denied for failing to account for each day of delay and insufficient proof of sickness.
Extension of time – section 78(1)(a) Civil Procedure Code – discretion to extend time – applicant must account for every day of delay – sickness as sufficient cause requires credible medical proof – failure to account for delay warrants dismissal.
29 April 2022
Temporary injunction granted to restrain realization of mortgaged property pending dispute over validity of demand notice and irreparable loss.
Land — Interim injunction — Requirements for temporary injunction (triable issue; irreparable harm; balance of convenience) — Validity of demand/default notice (prematurity; improper service; failure to state principal and interest) — Restraint on sale/realization of mortgaged property pending suit.
29 April 2022
Appeal dismissed: alleged lack of jurisdiction and Ward Tribunal irregularities were unsupported and belatedly raised.
Land law – pecuniary jurisdiction of Ward Tribunal – value pleaded by plaintiff determines jurisdiction; procedural irregularities and coram composition – must be shown on record and raised timely; complaints raised first on appeal are afterthoughts.
29 April 2022
Mortgage and sale void where bank failed due diligence and statutory notice requirements for third‑party mortgage.
Land law — Third-party mortgage — Bank’s due diligence and validity of mortgage where registered owner had died — Statutory notice of default (Land Act s.127) and 14-day auction notice (Auctioneers Act) — Requirement of proof of transfer/registration for bona fide purchaser protection (Land Act s.135).
29 April 2022
A written sale agreement prevails over conflicting oral promises; the deceased purchaser held title and the land formed part of the estate.
Land law – sale of land – written contract of sale prevails over conflicting oral terms (Evidence Act s.100(1)); title passed to purchaser; inclusion of property in deceased's estate; jurisdiction of District Land and Housing Tribunal over land ownership disputes.
29 April 2022
Property claims from a deceased’s estate must be pursued by or against the estate’s legal representative; wrong-party proceedings are nullified.
Land law – Deceased estate – Locus standi – Claims concerning property of a deceased must be instituted by or against the estate’s legal representative (s.99 Probate and Administration of Estates Act) – Proceedings against wrong party are nullifiable by revision.
29 April 2022
Wrong citation of law renders an application incompetent and must be struck out, not dismissed.
Land procedure — competence — wrong citation/wrong provision renders application incompetent; remedy is striking out not dismissal; tribunal must afford parties hearing when raising suo motu competence objection; appellate revisionary power to quash and set aside tribunal ruling.
29 April 2022
A registered certificate of title establishes ownership unless convincingly rebutted; the applicant failed to rebut, suit dismissed with costs.
Land law – Registered title as prima facie/conclusive proof of ownership; burden of proof under s.110 Evidence Act; estoppel by prior tribunal testimony; role of District Commissioner in land disputes; trespass claim defeated by lawful registered ownership.
29 April 2022
Appellants lacking pleaded letters of administration cannot claim deceased’s land; occupier entitled to protect peaceful possession.
Land law – ownership disputes over land purchased from deceased – pleadings and locus to sue; Evidence Act s.59 and judicial notice; letters of administration and authority to claim estate assets; protection of peaceful occupation against trespass.
29 April 2022
Second appeal dismissed: respondent retained locus standi and new forgery allegations cannot be raised on second appeal.
Land law — ownership and possession — locus standi to sue over disputed land; appellate procedure — second appeal barred from entertaining issues not raised at trial or first appeal; evidence — admissibility/weight of alleged forged sale agreement; measurement of disputed land (two vs five acres).
29 April 2022
Applicant's illness and undated request for judgment did not justify extension of time; application dismissed.
Civil Procedure – Extension of time under section 78(1)(a) CPC – discretionary relief – applicant must show sufficient cause and account for every day of delay. Proof of sickness – medical evidence required where illness is relied upon as cause for delay. Procedural requirements – undated correspondence and failure to specify dates do not excuse lack of accounting for delay.
28 April 2022
Applicant showed a prima facie dispute over title but failed to plead irreparable loss and balance of convenience; injunction refused.
Land – interim injunction – requirements: prima facie case, irreparable loss, balance of convenience – affidavit as evidential foundation – submissions cannot introduce new factual grounds.
28 April 2022
Leave to appeal granted because applicant raised prima facie arguable points on contractual breach and non‑performance.
Civil procedure — Leave to appeal — Prima facie arguable grounds required — Breach of contract — Failure to perform/hand over agreed property — Appealability to Court of Appeal.
28 April 2022
Tribunal improperly entered judgment without dismissing for want of prosecution; judgment quashed and set aside.
Land law & civil procedure – Tribunal procedure – Regulation 11(1)(c) vs Regulation 15(a) GN No.174/2003 – dismissal for want of prosecution where applicant’s case is left unattended – improper ex parte judgment – procedural irregularity vitiating judgment.
28 April 2022
A filed Deed of Settlement complying with Order XXIII Rule 3 was adopted as the court's decree and the case marked settled.
Civil procedure – Consent judgment – Parties file Deed of Settlement – Court to examine conformity with Order XXIII Rule 3 of the Civil Procedure Code – Adoption of Deed as Court Decree. Settlement – Marking suit as settled on consent. Costs – Each party to bear own costs after consent settlement.
28 April 2022
A suit challenging eviction and seeking possessory relief under a lease is a "matter concerning land" and within the Land Division’s jurisdiction.
Land law – jurisdiction of Land Division – section 167(1) Land Act – "matters concerning land" includes disputes over possession and unlawful eviction. Lease – creates possessory rights – claims for unlawful eviction, declarations and injunctions are land matters. Procedural law – distinguishing authority (Mulaki v Magero) where no possessory claim was made.
28 April 2022
The plaint discloses a cause of action; the defendant's preliminary objection was overruled.
Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – Whether plaint discloses a cause of action – Pleadings to be assessed on their face and attendant documents – Attachment of lock-out agreement – Contested factual issues not for determination on preliminary objection.
28 April 2022
The Tribunal wrongly found no jurisdiction; pleadings showed a land dispute, so its finding was quashed.
Land jurisdiction – whether application challenging sale of land is a land dispute; characterization by reliefs; District Land and Housing Tribunal jurisdiction; remedy — quash and set aside Tribunal’s finding.
28 April 2022
Whether the plaintiff, as administratrix with letters of administration, has locus standi to sue in her personal capacity.
Locus standi – administrator/administratrix – capacity to sue – effect of letters of administration under the Probate and Administration of Estates Act. Pleadings – sufficiency of plaint to show interest – devolution of estate and ownership pleaded in plaint. Civil procedure – preliminary objection raising lack of locus standi – when objection is properly overruled.
28 April 2022
An extension-to-appeal application was struck out as incompetent where the proper remedy for a dismissal for non-appearance is an application to set aside under Reg 11(2).
Civil procedure – Limitation and remedies – Application for extension of time to appeal – Incompetent where impugned decision was dismissal for non-appearance. Land Disputes Courts Regulations, 2003 (GN No.174/2003) – Regulation 11(2) – Procedure and time limit to apply to set aside dismissals for non-appearance. Preliminary objection – concession by applicant – strike out of application. Costs – no order as to costs where application drawn gratis in public interest.
28 April 2022
Alleged service irregularities were not apparent on the record; appeal against refusal to extend time dismissed with costs.
Land law – Service of summons – Personal service, affidavit of service and substituted service by publication – Whether defects in attestation vitiate service; extension of time to set aside ex‑parte judgment – illegality must be apparent on the face of the record (Reg. G.N. No.174/2003; Order V r.20 CPC).
28 April 2022
Appeal dismissed where both parties failed to file court-ordered written submissions and were treated as not appearing.
Civil procedure – failure to file court-ordered written submissions – treated as non-appearance – court entitled to dismiss appeal for non-compliance; Preliminary objections – non-joinder of Attorney General; time-barred objection.
28 April 2022
A tribunal's vague conclusion that the appellant's fence was subject to an earlier decree warranted quashing the decision.
Land law – execution of decree – execution must be limited to what is decreed – cannot demolish property not subject of decree. Civil procedure – vagueness in judgment – need for clear description of subject matter to identify what is to be executed. Revisionary powers – quashing of tribunal decision where findings are confused or inconsistent with prior judgment.
28 April 2022
A plaint verified by a non‑party is defective and must be struck out; amendment/overriding objective cannot cure it.
Civil procedure – Pleadings – Verification clause – Requirement that a plaint be verified by a party; verification by non-party renders pleading defective and bad in law; consequence is striking out. Civil procedure – Amendment – Order VI Rule 17 not available to cure defects apparent on the face of record when preliminary objection raised. Civil procedure – Overriding objective – Cannot be used to circumvent mandatory procedural requirements foundational to the case. Limitation – Raised but not determined due to dispositive preliminary objection.
27 April 2022
Appellants failed to prove ownership; tribunal rightly found respondent owner and appeal dismissed with costs.
Land dispute – ownership – sale agreement as primary proof; burden of proof on alleging party; corroboration by oral witnesses; absence of alleged purchaser weakens claim; locus in quo visit discretionary; new issues first raised on appeal not entertained; Evidence Act ss.110–112.
27 April 2022
Applicant failed to account for delay and lacked prospects of success; extension of time refused with costs.
Extension of time – requirements for sufficient cause – need to account for each day of delay – automatic exclusion for time obtaining copies under Law of Limitation Act – lack of arguable grounds where DLHT ordered trial de-novo.
27 April 2022
Extension granted to file revision because alleged illegality (denial of hearing) constituted sufficient cause despite unexplained delay.
Land law — extension of time to file revision under Limitation Act s.14(1); requirement to account for each day of delay; illegality ground — denial of hearing/constitutional right to be heard; illegality apparent on record can justify extension.
27 April 2022
A tribunal cannot vary loan terms; guarantor’s unsupported attempt to delay enforcement fails and appeal is dismissed.
Land law – guarantor liability and mortgage enforcement; Tribunal’s powers – cannot vary contractual loan terms or extend repayment without parties’ consent; Evidence – annexures appended to submissions and new evidence on appeal inadmissible; Procedural – obligation to adduce proof and join necessary parties at trial/tribunal.
25 April 2022
Reference improperly brought to High Court after execution; application struck out and costs awarded.
Civil Procedure Code (Order XLI Rule 1) – Reference to High Court – competent only where subordinate court entertains reasonable doubt on a question of law in a pending proceeding; execution already effected bars such reference. Procedural law – failure to file ordered written submissions amounts to waiver and permits ex parte determination of preliminary objection. Appropriate remedies for challenging execution decisions: appeal or revision (or proper reference from taxing master), not High Court reference where criteria unmet.
25 April 2022
Applicant's unexplained delay in filing warranted refusal of extension of time to appeal, application dismissed with costs.
Extension of time – discretion of court – requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay (Bushiri principle). Civil procedure – applicability of preliminary objections – locus standi raised at extension stage premature. Land disputes – effect of delayed certification of judgment but need to explain subsequent delay.
25 April 2022
Court granted extension to file a Bill of Costs, finding the court’s delay in issuing the judgment copy amounted to sufficient cause.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – Application under s.14(1) Law of Limitation Act and s.95 Civil Procedure Code – requirement to account for each day of delay – ‘‘good cause’’ fact-sensitive. Delay attributable to the court’s failure to furnish judgment copy can constitute sufficient cause to extend time. Relevant authorities: requirement to show cause and discretion in granting extensions.
25 April 2022
Court grants leave to appeal where applicant raised prima facie arguable grounds and respondent defaulted on ordered submissions.
Civil procedure — Leave to appeal — requirement of prima facie arguable grounds meriting the Court of Appeal's attention. Evidence/procedure — failure to tender or admit tribunal judgment at trial — effect on subsequent appeals. Civil procedure — failure to join/serve a party at Ward Tribunal and right to be heard. Court practice — failure to file ordered written submissions permits ex parte determination.
25 April 2022
An alleged jurisdictional illegality can justify granting an extension of time to file an appeal despite delay.
Extension of time — appellate procedure — good cause required — ignorance of law not acceptable — alleged illegality/jurisdictional error as sufficient ground to extend time.
25 April 2022
Applicant granted interim injunction to prevent alleged illegal sale, eviction and occupation of disputed land pending trial.
Temporary injunction – Atilio v Mbowe criteria (prima facie case; irreparable injury; balance of convenience) – status quo ante – alleged forged mortgage and illegal eviction – bona fide purchaser defence – interim relief pending Land Case No. 126/2021.
25 April 2022
Revision application struck out as overtaken by events after execution, eviction and demolition were carried out before filing.
Land law — Revision — Whether a revision application is overtaken by events where the impugned decree has been executed — Preliminary objection as a pure point of law (Mukisa Biscuits) — Execution, eviction and demolition rendering revision meaningless.
25 April 2022
Extension of time denied where alleged hospitalization was not proved by authenticated medical evidence.
Extension of time – requirement to account for each day of delay – illness as cause of delay – burden to prove sickness by producing originals or certified medical documents with signatures and office stamp – uncertified copies insufficient.
22 April 2022
Application to set aside dismissal restored where advocate’s illness and death constituted sufficient cause.
Civil procedure — setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution; Amendment of wrong citation (Order IX r.9 to r.6); Sufficient cause — advocate’s serious illness and death; No prejudice — restoration; Costs — none.
22 April 2022
Plaintiff proved title to 12-acre farm; defendants declared trespassers, ordered evicted and structures demolished; costs awarded.
Land law – proof of title by sale agreement and supporting official certificates; ex parte proceedings where defendants absent after proper service; trespass — eviction and demolition of unlawful structures; damages not awarded where loss not proved; costs awarded to successful plaintiff.
22 April 2022
Tribunal delay in supplying judgment copies can constitute sufficient cause to extend time to lodge a Reference.
Extension of time; delay in supply of judgment and decree by tribunal; sufficient cause for enlargement of time; accounting for periods of delay; Lyamuya guidelines on extension of time; Advocate Remuneration Order s.8(1),(2).
21 April 2022
Attorney General may be joined where occupancy conditions on registered land implicate public property and public interest.
Attorney General – right of audience and joinder under s.17 Attorney General Act – public property and public interest – right of occupancy conditions – public land vested in President – breach by sublease/mortgage/sale within prohibited period.
21 April 2022
High Court lacks jurisdiction to nullify tribunal judgments in a fresh suit; alleged fraud must be pursued by appeal or review.
Civil procedure – jurisdiction – High Court's original jurisdiction vis-à-vis decisions of subordinate courts – challenges to tribunal judgments must be by appeal, revision, review or reference. Preliminary objection – point of law arising from pleadings – application of Mukisa Biscuits test. Relief sought on ground of alleged fraud on judgment – alleged fraud does not convert a competent court's decision into a nullity excusing conventional appellate or revisionary procedure. Res judicata – plea raised but not determined after successful jurisdictional objection.
21 April 2022
Leave to appeal struck out for failure to lodge the mandatory notice of intention to appeal under Court of Appeal Rules.
Appeal procedure — Requirement to lodge notice of intention to appeal before applying for leave; Court of Appeal Rules (Rules 46(1), 83(1)) mandatory; Section 47(2) Land Disputes Courts Act does not displace Court of Appeal Rules; Non-compliance fatal; Ignorance of law not an excuse.
21 April 2022
A preliminary objection that the applicant should have sought a stay of execution instead of revision was overruled.
Land Disputes Courts Act s.43 – Revision jurisdiction – Proper procedure to challenge tribunal orders (revision vs stay of execution). Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – point of law must be apparent on the face of the record (Mukisa principle). Abuse of process – allegation not determinative where objection raises factual/procedural issues rather than pure law.
21 April 2022
Illegality in a settlement excluding an interested party can justify extension of time to file a revision.
Limitation law – extension of time under section 14(1) – discretion and sufficient cause. Illegality – exclusion from deed of settlement as sufficient cause for extension. Procedural diligence – pursuing wrong application counts towards showing active pursuit of rights. Evidentiary rule – unproved off‑record advice has no weight.
21 April 2022
Leave to appeal granted to applicant to challenge High Court’s decision on photocopy evidence and matrimonial mortgage.
Leave to appeal — Land Disputes Courts Act s47(2) — criteria for leave: rights of parties, appealability, valid grounds — new issue on appeal — admissibility/reliance on photocopy evidence — matrimonial property and mortgage consent.
21 April 2022
Extension of time denied: delay unexplained, alleged illegality unproven and pauperism contradicted by applicants' conduct.
Extension of time to appeal – requirement to account for each day of delay (Lyamuya factors); illegality as ground for extension – must be apparent on face of record and adequately explained; pauperism and alleged registry misplacement require evidential support (affidavit of registry officer); locus in quo visits are not mandatory, only exceptional.
20 April 2022