High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

121 judgments
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121 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
August 2022
Court preserves status quo preventing title rectification pending expiry of the 90‑day statutory notice to sue the Government.
Land law – Rectification of title – Maintenance of status quo – Interim injunction pending statutory 90‑day notice to sue the Government – Offer of substitute land – Balance of convenience.
31 August 2022
Tribunal's raising of limitation suo motu without hearing violated the right to be heard; proceedings quashed and remitted for retrial.
Land law; limitation period raised suo motu by tribunal; right to be heard (Article 13(6)) — procedural irregularity renders proceedings nullity; revisional powers under s.43(1)(b) Land Disputes Courts Act; remittal for retrial before another Chairman; priority scheduling.
31 August 2022
Delay in the court supplying certified judgment copies justified extension of time to seek leave to appeal.
Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.11(1) – discretionary power to extend time – requires "sufficient reason"; "Sufficient reason" is fact-specific – courts consider length of delay, reasons, diligence, and point of law/illegality; Delay by court in supplying certified copies of judgment/decree can justify exclusion of that period; Time spent pursuing an application struck out for technical irregularity may be excluded if no culpable negligence is shown; Extension of time granted to file application for leave to appeal within 14 days, costs each party to bear their own.
31 August 2022
Insufficiently described prior purchases failed to displace lawful village allocations and subsequent registrations.
Land law – sufficiency of description in claims to immovable property – proof of title and identification of suit land; Allocation of public/abandoned shamba (PORI) – lawfulness of village allocations; Registration of land following lawful allocation; Validity of sale/transfer by an allotted grantee; Remedy – re-evaluation and demarcation by land authorities.
31 August 2022
Applicant failed to prove the cumulative Attilio v Mbowe requirements for a temporary injunction; application dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – interlocutory injunction – Attilio v Mbowe conditions (prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience) must be cumulatively proved; affidavit evidence obligatory; submissions are not evidence.
31 August 2022
Extension of time denied; delay unexplained and alleged illegality not apparent on the face of the record.
Land law – extension of time to appeal – requirement to account for each day of delay; illegality as ground for extension – must be apparent on the face of the record; allegations of lack of service, locus standi and defective locus visit not sufficient where they require evidence and long argument; execution may render some remedies overtaken by events.
31 August 2022
Plaintiff failed to prove matrimonial interest; bank's counterclaim for TZS 940,112,827 with interest and mortgage realization granted.
Land law – matrimonial home and spousal consent; burden of proof in civil cases; requirement to describe immovable property (Order VII r.3); admissibility of annexures and documentary evidence; counterclaim for loan recovery – proof of indebtedness, interest, and realization of mortgage security; expungement of deceased guarantor from proceedings.
31 August 2022
31 August 2022
Appeal permitted: time to obtain certified judgment excluded, appeal filed within 45 days and not time-barred.
Land law — Appeals from DLHT — section 41(1) & (2) Land Disputes Courts Act — 45-day time limit Limitation — section 19(2) Law of Limitation Act — exclusion of time to obtain certified copies when computing appeal period Civil Procedure — Order XXXIX, Rule 1(1) CPC — memorandum of appeal to be accompanied by judgment/decree copies Procedure — time to obtain judgment copies may extend effective filing period; appeal filed within prescribed time where copies obtained later. Preliminary objection on limitation dismissed; matter to proceed on merits
31 August 2022
Application to compel accounting for goods seized during execution was time-barred; tribunal lacked jurisdiction.
Limitation of actions – jurisdictional nature of limitation – preliminary objection on limitation can be raised at any stage including on appeal; Law of Limitation Act, Schedule Part III item 21 (60 days) applicable to applications under the Civil Procedure Code; application filed seven years after execution held time-barred; tribunal lacked jurisdiction; proceedings quashed and application dismissed under section 3(1).
31 August 2022
Leave to appeal granted; certificate on points of law unnecessary for appeal against High Court refusal of extension of time.
Appellate procedure — Leave to appeal under section 5(1)(c) AJA; Certification under section 47(3) LDCA applies where appeal originates from Ward Tribunal only; leave granted where grounds show prima facie/arguable appeal; inadvertent misdescription of impugned decision not fatal.
31 August 2022
Appeal dismissed: appellant failed to prove title/administratrix status and no procedural error warranted overturning lower tribunals.
Land law – ownership and locus standi; failure to prove title or appointment as administratrix; civil procedure – filing of written submissions and consequences of non-compliance; appellate review – limits on disturbing concurrent findings of fact.
31 August 2022
A review application filed by chamber summons contrary to Order XLII Rule 3 was held incompetent and struck out.
Civil procedure — Review applications — Form of instituting review — Order XLII Rule 3 Civil Procedure Code: provisions as to form of preferring appeal apply mutatis mutandis to review — Application by chamber summons and affidavit held incompetent and struck out.
30 August 2022
Failure to have assessors' opinions read to parties vitiates tribunal judgment, requiring a trial de novo.
Land tribunal procedure – Assessors’ participation – Regulation 19(2) and Section 23(1) LDCA – assessors’ written opinions must be given and read in presence of parties – failure is fatal and vitiates judgment – retrial de novo ordered.
30 August 2022
Court overruled preliminary objections, finding land-linked counterclaim within jurisdiction and not time-barred; guarantor-notification dispute factual.
Land jurisdiction – mortgage as security – deed of settlement and whether it discharged mortgage; Preliminary objections – limits of determination on pure points of law (Mukisa principle) – factual issues unsuitable for preliminary objection; Guarantor liability – notification/variation of loan facilities; Limitation – accrual of cause of action and continuation of breach.
30 August 2022
Court granted extension of time to appeal due to credible detention and family-related delays, allowing 21 days to apply for revision.
Extension of time – application for leave to appeal out of time – discretion to extend time – Lyamuya criteria (account for delay, inordinate delay, diligence, other sufficient reasons). Criminal detention and subsequent family obligations (funeral/estate administration) as grounds for delay. Ex parte judgment discovered late as precipitating factor for application
30 August 2022
The applicant proved ownership and obtained eviction, permanent injunction and TShs 100,000,000 damages for the respondents' trespass.
Land law – proof of ownership – sale agreements and village authority acknowledgment – balance of probabilities Trespass – unlawful occupation and harvesting of crops – remedies include eviction, injunction, damages and recovery of produce. Civil procedure – consequences of non-appearance at mediation and striking out of defence – ex parte proceedings and uncontroverted evidence
30 August 2022
Applicants' delay in filing appeal dismissed: negligence in pursuing judgment copies and no apparent illegality on record.
Land law — Extension of time to appeal — Whether good and sufficient cause shown under s.41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act — Delay and duty to follow up copy of judgment — Alleged illegality must be apparent on the face of record to justify extension.
30 August 2022
A separate ownership suit by non-parties to execution is not time-barred under execution-specific limitation and is not an abuse of process.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – distinction between pure points of law and issues requiring factual evidence; locus standi not appropriate as preliminary objection Limitation – Law of Limitation Act s.6(b) and Item 5 Part I Schedule – applies to objection/dispossession proceedings in executing court, not separate ownership suits filed elsewhere Execution – Civil Procedure Code s.38(1) – applies only to questions between parties to the decree; non-parties may sue elsewhere for ownership. Abuse of process – Order XXI r.101 permits separate suits by non-parties claiming rights over attached property
30 August 2022
An appeal filed after 45 days is time‑barred absent proof of timely request/supply of the tribunal’s certified decision.
Land appeals — limitation period under section 41, Land Disputes Courts Act; Law of Limitation Act s.19(2) — exclusion for time obtaining certified copies; requirement of proof of dates (decision, request, supply); necessity to apply for extension if no proof of timely request/supply.
30 August 2022
Res judicata bars a successive land suit on the same subject matter, even where the parties differ; appeal dismissed.
Civil procedure – res judicata – section 9 CPR – applicability where same subject matter was finally decided even if parties differ. Locus standi – previous finding that husband lacked locus standi did not amount to direction that appellant must sue Appeal – dismissal for want of merit; no costs (legal aid)
30 August 2022
Medical evidence and apparent tribunal irregularity justified restoring the applicant's dismissed extension application and ordering rehearing.
Civil procedure – Restoration of struck-out/dismissed application – setting aside dismissal for non-appearance – adequacy of medical evidence and alleged afterthought Evidence – effect of medical certificate dated after dismissal; foreseeability of dismissal and timing of proof. Administrative justice – apparent irregularity and locus standi in tribunal proceedings as ground for restoration Remedy – restoration of application and rehearing by another chairperson; costs awarded to successful appellant
29 August 2022
Respondent’s earlier purchase and vendor’s defective title upheld; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law — ownership dispute — burden of proof on balance of probabilities — evaluation of oral and documentary evidence — effect of vendor’s defective title (nemo dat quod non habet) — relevance of unsurveyed land measurement.
29 August 2022
Second appeal dismissed: respondent had locus to sue as administratrix; new ground disregarded; assessors’ opinions on record; appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – appellate review – second appeal – limits on entertaining new grounds raised first time on second appeal. Civil procedure – locus standi – administrator of estate – proof by letter of administration suffices to sue as administratrix Evidence – requirement to produce documentary proof when alleging pendency of other proceedings. Tribunal practice – assessors’ opinions must be on record and reflected in judgment; filing and reflection suffices
29 August 2022
Stay of execution application dismissed as overtaken by events after the underlying application was struck out.
Civil procedure – Stay of execution – Application rendered otiose where underlying proceeding struck out – Order XXI r.24(1); Civil Procedure Code ss.68(e), 95.
29 August 2022
Appeal dismissed where lower tribunals properly evaluated evidence and respondent's prior occupation established ownership.
Land law – ownership dispute – evaluation and weight of evidence on appeal – proof by prior occupation and possession – appellate interference only where lower tribunals erred in evaluation; evidential standard on balance of probabilities (Hemed Said v Mbilu considered).
29 August 2022
Leave to appeal granted where affidavit raised arguable issues including lack of consent to mortgage and limitation.
Civil procedure – Leave to appeal under section 47(2) Land Disputes Courts Act – test at leave stage is whether an arguable/prima facie appeal exists. Land law – mortgage – allegation of absence of consent Limitation – whether time-bar issues raise arguable grounds for appeal. Abuse of process – court to assess arguability before concluding abuse
29 August 2022
Alleged illegality in a tribunal decision can justify extending time to file a revision despite unexplained delay.
Land law — Extension of time under Limitation Act s.14 — Court’s discretion — Good cause required; Pleaded illegality in the lower tribunal’s decision (mediation/non-executable award) constitutes sufficient cause to extend time — Authorities: Valambhia; Lyamuya.
26 August 2022
An application premised on a wrong statutory citation is incompetent and will be struck out; costs follow.
Civil procedure — preliminary objection — wrong citation of enabling provision — wrong citation renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out. Appellate procedure — extension of time to apply for leave to appeal — application must be properly grounded in the correct statutory provision
26 August 2022
Application to set aside dismissal failed for lack of evidence and because the main suit was not pending.
Civil procedure – setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution – requirement to show sufficient cause; competence of restoring interlocutory injunction where main suit dismissed; evidential sufficiency of affidavits – hearsay where affidavit refers to others without corroborating affidavits; need for medical or corroborative evidence to explain non‑appearance.
26 August 2022
26 August 2022
An interlocutory Mareva injunction was refused because the applicant had already instituted the substantive suit, rendering the interim application nugatory.
Land law — Mareva/freeze injunction — interim relief pending statutory notice — requirement to take preliminary steps (serve notice and wait) before seeking interlocutory freezing orders — pending substantive suit defeats interim Mareva application.
26 August 2022
A judgment given against a deceased person without proper substitution is irregular and thus quashed on revision.
Land disputes — Substitution of deceased party — Locus standi — Non-joinder of interested parties — Revision under section 43(1)(b) LDCA — Judgment delivered against deceased is nullity — Parties at liberty to institute fresh suit.
26 August 2022
Leave to appeal granted on arguable issues about matrimonial property, spouse's consent to transfer, and estoppel.
Land law – matrimonial property; transfer of land without spouse's consent; estoppel; leave to appeal – discretionary, granted where grounds raise arguable points of law; appellate restraint from deciding substantive issues.
25 August 2022
Alleged illegality in tribunal proceedings (lack of quorum and improper membership) justified an extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure – extension of time – discretionary relief – good cause required. Illegality as ground for extension – Ward Tribunal quorum and composition – jurisdiction over unregistered land. Ex parte proceedings where respondent duly served but absent
25 August 2022
25 August 2022
Improper citation of an obsolete law in a chamber summons is fatal and renders the application incompetent.
Civil procedure – chamber summons – improper citation of an obsolete Revised Edition of statutes – citation of dead law fatal to competence; affidavit formalities (Order VI r.15(2)) raised but not decided.
25 August 2022
Unclear and inconsistent pleadings about which tribunal decision to revise led the court to strike out the application.
Land revision — Revision of tribunal proceedings — Limitation period for revision applications (item 21, Part III, Schedule to the Law of Limitation Act — 60 days); Civil Procedure — Chamber summons and supporting affidavit govern court’s jurisdiction to entertain an application (Order XLIII Rule 2) — written submissions cannot contradict chamber summons; Procedure — inconsistency in pleadings — appropriate remedy is striking out application where identity of proceedings to be revised is uncertain.
25 August 2022
Failure to cross‑examine allowed the appellate tribunal to accept the respondent's evidence and justify quashing the refund order.
Land law – appeal from Ward Tribunal to District Land and Housing Tribunal – first appellate tribunal’s power to re‑appraise evidence and draw its own inferences Evidence – effect of failure to cross‑examine a witness – unchallenged testimony may be treated as accepted. Civil procedure – quashing of a trial tribunal’s order where appellate court finds evidence uncontroverted
25 August 2022
Temporary injunction granted to restrain demolition pending main suit where prima facie case and irreparable harm established.
Land — Temporary injunction — Requirements: prima facie/triable case, balance of convenience, irreparable injury — Demolition pending compensation — Restraint granted pending Land Case No.30/2021.
25 August 2022
Irregular involvement or absence of assessors rendered the tribunal’s judgment null and required retrial.
Land procedure — Assessors — requirement that a trial begun with a set of assessors must be concluded with the same set — absence or unclear involvement of assessors renders proceedings and judgment null; Revisionary jurisdiction — invocation of s.43(1)(b) Land Disputes Courts Act to quash and remit for retrial; Evidence — challenges to admissibility/attestation and stamp duty of sale agreements raised but not decided due to procedural nullity.
25 August 2022
Application filed under wrong statute lacked jurisdiction; court allowed withdrawal with leave to refile subject to limitation.
Civil procedure – jurisdiction – application filed under wrong statute – High Court (Land Division) lacks jurisdiction if moved under Appellate Jurisdiction Act and Court of Appeal Rules. Procedural law – court may raise suo moto jurisdictional defects. Withdrawal with leave to refile – allowed where application improperly constituted; subject to limitation Costs – each party to bear own costs when withdrawal is granted and respondent does not object
25 August 2022
Appeal dismissed: tribunal correctly awarded rent arrears and damages based on pleadings, oral evidence and credibility findings.
Land law – Tenancy (oral) – proof of monthly rent and rent arrears – admissibility of oral evidence under Evidence Act; Civil procedure – assessment of special damages – requirement to plead and prove but oral proof permissible where tenancy is oral; Evidence – credibility findings and rejection of expert evidence; Locus in quo – procedural irregularity not raised timely; Judgment requirements – Order XX Rule 4 compliance.
24 August 2022
Court granted interlocutory injunction to restrain sale of mortgaged residential property pending trial due to triable issues and irreparable harm.
Interlocutory injunction — Attilio v Mbowe test — prima facie/triable issue as to release of mortgaged property — irreparable harm (loss of family residence) — balance of convenience — statutory notice to sell mortgage security.
24 August 2022
Combining extension of time and a stay of execution was omnibus; application struck out for lack of interrelatedness and jurisdiction.
Civil procedure – omnibus application – interrelatedness test – whether extension of time and stay of execution can be combined; Jurisdiction – Order XXXIX Rule 5(1) stay lies with decree‑issuing or appellate court; Application struck out for incompetence.
24 August 2022
Failure to record, read or consider assessors' opinions vitiated the tribunal's judgment, requiring nullification and retrial.
Land tribunal procedure — assessors' opinions mandatory — must be given in writing and read to parties — chairman to state whether he agrees and give reasons if he differs — failure to record/consider assessors' opinions vitiates proceedings and attracts nullification and retrial.
24 August 2022
Applicant’s extension of time denied for unexplained delay; alleged illegality not apparent on the record.
Extension of time – Section 41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act – applicant must show sufficient cause; Delay – all days must be accounted for; unexplained delay defeats application; Alleged illegality – must be apparent on the face of the record and be vital to constitute sufficient cause (Principal Secretary v. Devran); Waiting for certified copies or pursuing earlier appeal does not automatically excuse unexplained delay
24 August 2022
Taxing Master’s excessive instruction fee reduced for lack of justification and inconsistent supporting receipts.
Costs — Bill of Costs — Instruction fees — Advocates Remuneration Order, 2015 (G.N No. 263) — Eleventh Schedule item 1(m); Taxing Master’s discretion — limits and justification; reliance on receipts/EFD; principles for assessing quantum of instruction fees (Premchand Raichand principles)
24 August 2022
Court granted extension and certified mixed points of law, finding registry delay and alleged failure to consider assessors' opinions justified appeal.
Land appeal — Extension of time under s.11(1) AJA — Good cause test (Lyamuya factors) — Registry delay in supplying certified copies as sufficient cause — Certification of mixed points of law and fact — Failure to record/consider assessors' opinions as serious irregularity.
24 August 2022
Court granted leave for applicants to bring a representative action over disputed land compensation under Order I Rule 8(1).
Civil procedure – Representative suits – Order I Rule 8(1) CPC – leave to sue on behalf of numerous persons – requirement of common interest and proof of authorization (meeting minutes, signatures). Procedural safeguard – court must be satisfied persons exist and have mandated representation to prevent abuse. Land law – dispute over valuation and compensation – representative action permitted where requirements met
22 August 2022