High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

1,334 judgments
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1,334 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2022
Injunction refused: applicant failed to plead and prove Atilio v Mbowe elements in affidavit; submissions are not evidence.
Civil procedure – Temporary injunction – Atilio v Mbowe test – serious triable issue, irreparable injury, balance of convenience. Evidence – affidavit as proof – submissions are not evidence and cannot introduce new factual allegations. Mortgaged property – injunction to restrain sale pending suit requires pleaded and sworn facts establishing each Atilio element.
23 November 2022
23 November 2022
Court entered consent judgment recording settlement for applicant’s sale, instalment payments and title deed held until full payment.
Land — Consent judgment — Recording parties’ Deed of Settlement as court orders — Instalment payment schedule and post-dated cheques — Title deed held by advocate pending full payment — Entire-agreement and no-further-claims clauses.
23 November 2022
The District Land and Housing Tribunal’s suo motu reversal without hearing violated the right to be heard; decision quashed and matter remitted.
Land law — execution proceedings — District Land and Housing Tribunal suo motu determination of execution as appeal — natural justice — right to be heard — decision procured in breach of hearing is a nullity — remittal for rehearing before another chairman. Representative suits — leave to sue on behalf of others — jurisdictional issues where land is surveyed.
23 November 2022
A one-day late appeal due to alleged payment-system failure was held time-barred and struck out with costs.
Land law – Appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal – time limit under section 38(1) Land Disputes Courts Act – 60 days. Civil procedure – competence – filing deadline – one-day delay. Evidence – alleged payment-system failure – contemporaneous proof vs. afterthought affidavit. Procedural fairness – requirement to apply for extension of time; abuse of process where evidence is belatedly produced.
23 November 2022
Application for civil detention struck out as premature for failure to exhaust statutory execution modes under section 42.
Execution — Order XXI, Rule 28 — Application for civil imprisonment — Requirement to exhaust other execution modes under section 42 (delivery, attachment and sale) before seeking detention — Arrest/detention not party's choice but dependent on prior unsuccessful enforcement attempts.
23 November 2022
High Court lacked jurisdiction to lift a Deputy Registrar’s eviction order while appeal proceedings were pending in the Court of Appeal.
Civil procedure — jurisdiction — effect of pending appeal in the Court of Appeal on High Court’s jurisdiction to act in the same matter; execution pending appeal — Rule 11(3) Court of Appeal Rules. Execution — Deputy Registrar’s power to issue eviction order where no stay of execution has been granted. Res judicata/abuse of process — repetition of previously dismissed application for want of jurisdiction.
22 November 2022
Court overruled jurisdictional objection: pecuniary value dispute needs evidence and fresh suit permitted after struck-out tribunal proceedings.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection – jurisdictional objection based on pecuniary value must meet Mukisa Biscuits test; factual disputes on value require evidence. Land law – jurisdiction of High Court vs District Land and Housing Tribunal – fresh suit permissible after struck-out objection proceedings; appeal/refiling at same tribunal not mandatory.
22 November 2022
An earlier valid letter of offer prevails over a later certificate; the defendant's title held void ab initio.
Land law – Competing allocations – double allocation – priority of an earlier letter of offer and acceptance over a subsequently issued certificate of title. Evidence – Allegations of fraud/forgery – heightened standard of proof; unsubstantiated oral claims insufficient. Remedies – Declaration of ownership, declaration of a later certificate void ab initio, permanent injunction, costs each party to bear their own.
22 November 2022
Extension denied: applicants failed to account for days of delay and alleged illegality was not apparent on the record.
Extension of time – discretionary relief requiring good cause – applicant must account for each day of delay; sickness of a third party insufficient; illegality must be apparent on the face of the record to constitute sufficient cause.
22 November 2022
Court adopted parties’ Deed of Settlement under Order XXIII Rule 3, entering a consent decree resolving the land dispute and payments.
Land law – consent settlement – adoption of Deed of Settlement under Order XXIII Rule 3 CPC; consent judgment effect; enforcement of settlement terms (monetary payments, professional fees, reimbursement); extinguishment of further claims; each party to bear own costs.
21 November 2022
21 November 2022
21 November 2022
High Court granted leave to appeal on points of law concerning land ownership and disputed land size.
Land law – leave to appeal – High Court certificate required under Section 5(2)(c) AJA – applicant must show point(s) of law. Appellate procedure – discretion to grant leave – factors include clearly pleaded points of law. Land dispute – issues identified: ownership of land and correct size of disputed area. Civil procedure – ex parte hearing and substituted service by publication where respondent fails to appear.
21 November 2022
A Special Power of Attorney declared invalid by the appellate court removes the attorney’s locus to be sued; case struck out.
Power of attorney – instrument declared defective by appellate court – effect: strips purported attorney of authority; locus standi – defendant’s capacity to be sued; preliminary objection – competence of suit; case dismissed (struck out) with costs.
21 November 2022
A non-administrator lacks locus standi to sue over a deceased’s land; an administrator cannot delegate that authority.
Civil procedure – Locus standi – Claim concerning land of a deceased person must be prosecuted by the lawful administrator or person with direct legal interest; third parties lack locus standi. Estate administration – Administrator cannot delegate statutory duty to prosecute estate claims to another person. Ward Tribunal decisions – proceedings are null where instituted by person lacking locus standi.
18 November 2022
Respondent lacked locus standi to sue over deceased’s land absent letters of administration; administrators cannot delegate litigation power.
Locus standi – Suit concerning deceased’s land – Only legally appointed administrator may sue on behalf of estate; absence of letters of administration defeats locus standi; purported delegation of administrator’s litigation power invalid.
18 November 2022
Revocation of letters of administration does not undo a bona fide purchaser's title; unstamped sale is curable by paying duty.
Probate law – power of administrators to sell estate property – section 101 Probate and Administration of Estates Act. Effect of revocation – subsequent revocation of letters of administration does not invalidate prior sale to bona fide purchaser. Stamp Duty – unstamped instrument admitted in evidence is curable under section 73 Civil Procedure Code; duty to be paid under Stamp Duty Act. Heirs' consent – not required for administrator's disposal of estate property; distribution disputes to be pursued in probate proceedings. Evidence – tribunal's evaluation upheld where issue raised was not before it.
18 November 2022
Appeal allowed: tribunal relied on hearsay and lacked documentary proof of chain of title, so judgment quashed.
Land law – proof of title and chain of transfers – necessity of documentary proof of earlier transfers; Evidence – inadmissibility/unreliability of hearsay (PW3) to establish transfer; Procedural law – appellate court will not consider new issues (adverse possession) raised first on appeal; Burden of proof – court must assess sufficiency of evidence before declaring ownership.
18 November 2022
Respondent’s earlier 1975 acquisition and survivorship title prevails over appellant’s later purchase from a seller lacking good title.
Land law – description of land; priority principle and survivorship; nemo dat quod non habet (defective seller cannot pass good title); admissibility and weight of witness contradictions; agency/ratification under Law of Contract Act; effect of non-appearance where respondents are represented.
18 November 2022
A subsequent suit challenging land ownership already adjudicated is barred by res judicata and was struck out with costs.
Civil procedure – Res judicata – Section 9 Civil Procedure Code – subsequent suit on same subject matter and reliefs barred where earlier judgment declared land government property; preliminary objections; striking out and costs.
17 November 2022
Failure to serve the mandatory 90‑day statutory notice rendered the suit against the government premature and incompetent.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – limitation: plaint must show grounds for exemption where suit is instituted after limitation (Order VII r.6; s.21 Limitation Act). Public law – Government Proceedings Act s.6(2): mandatory requirement to give 90‑day notice of intention to sue the government; non‑compliance renders suit premature/incompetent.
17 November 2022
Objectors failed to prove interest or possession in attached land; objection dismissed for lack of admissible evidence.
Order XXI R.57(1) CPC — third‑party objection to attachment; Order XXI R.58 — burden to prove interest or possession; Evidence Act s.110(1) — burden of proof; jurat requirements and incurable defect of improperly sworn affidavits; sufficiency and corroboration of sale agreements.
17 November 2022
Waiting time for certified judgment copies is automatically excluded if proof of request and supply is on record.
Land – Appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal – limitation period – 45 days to appeal – Law of Limitation Act, section 19(2) – exclusion of time spent awaiting certified copies of judgment/decree – exclusion automatic where record proves dates of decision, request and supply (Alex Senkoro principle).
17 November 2022
Assessors' improper participation who had not heard all evidence rendered tribunal proceedings null, warranting retrial.
Land procedure – assessors’ participation – assessor absent for earlier hearing and different assessor later participating – participation by assessor who did not hear whole evidence renders proceedings null and void. Statutory provisions – Land Disputes Court Act s.23(2)-(3); assessors’ opinions must be properly given – separate written opinions; joint opinion improper where assessors did not hear whole case. Remedy – revisional powers invoked; judgment and proceedings quashed and matter remitted for retrial before another chairman.
17 November 2022
An appellate extension order from the tribunal renders an otherwise late appeal competent; non‑attachment to the memorandum is not fatal without prejudice.
Land law — Appeals — Time limits for appeals from district land tribunals — Effect of tribunal’s extension order — Requirement to attach or state extension order in memorandum — Prejudice as determinant of fatal non‑compliance.
17 November 2022
Applicant failed to show required procedural steps or prima facie grounds for leave to appeal; application dismissed with costs.
Land law — Leave to appeal under s.47(2) Land Disputes Courts Act — Leave discretionary, not automatic — Applicant must show procedural steps taken (notice of appeal) and disclose real, arguable issues or novel points of law — Failure to demonstrate prima facie grounds warrants dismissal — Risk of application being delaying tactic.
17 November 2022
Plaintiff proved title; defendants held trespassers and evicted; claimed monetary damages were not proven, costs awarded.
Land law – proof of ownership – title and transfer documents as decisive evidence; Trespass – establishment of trespass upon proof of ownership; Civil burden of proof – on balance of probabilities; Damages – requirement of documentary/sufficient evidence for quantified claims; Service and ex parte proceedings – effect of proper service and non-appearance; Review – correction of clerical errors and admission of new discovery documents.
17 November 2022
Application for extension of time to file review dismissed: alleged illegality not apparent on the record and delay unexplained.
Civil procedure — Extension of time — Application for leave to file review out of time — Applicant relied on alleged illegality in impugned decision — Illegality must be apparent on face of record to justify enlargement of time (Lyamuya). Delay — Failure to account for all days of delay and lengthy unexplained delay (about nine years) fatal to application. Review vs appeal — Court noted review sought where appeal was available; vagueness in order not shown to be manifest illegality.
17 November 2022
A household member may represent a party in a ward tribunal without power of attorney; lower tribunals' decisions confirmed.
Land law – representation in Ward Tribunals – section 18(2) Land Disputes Courts Act – relative/household member may represent without power of attorney. Civil procedure – locus standi – permissibility of lay representation in local tribunals. Evidence – burden of proof in competing purchases – weight and credibility of witnesses. Evidence – failure to call material witness – adverse inference (Hemed Said v Mohamed Mbilu). Appeal – confirmation of Ward Tribunal and DLHT findings on title and possession.
16 November 2022
Unexplained long delay and no proven jurisdictional illegality defeat extension of time to appeal Ward Tribunal decision.
Land law — extension of time to appeal — requirements to account for delay — illegality as ground for extension — limits where applicant instituted proceedings. Civil procedure — finality of Ward Tribunal decisions — mediation remarks do not necessarily negate a final judgment. Jurisdiction — pecuniary jurisdiction of Ward Tribunal — party who instituted the suit cannot later rely on lack of jurisdiction to excuse delay.
16 November 2022
Review dismissed: mere dissatisfaction with the appellate decision, without patent error, cannot justify review.
Civil Procedure — Review under Order 42 Rule 1(1) CPC — scope limited to apparent error on face of record or new evidence; not a rehearing of merits. Land law — Alleged illegality of DLHT decision vis-à-vis earlier Primary Court determination. Res judicata — applicability where earlier proceedings involve same parties and subject matter; dismissal for want of prosecution does not amount to determination on merits. Execution vs. substantive appeal — procedural characterization not a ground for review absent patent error.
16 November 2022
Sickness unsupported by proof of incapacity or accounting for delay does not justify extension of time to appeal.
Civil procedure — Extension of time — Applicant must show good cause and account for each day of delay. Medical evidence — Certificates must demonstrate incapacity or exemption from duty to justify delay. Appeal — Sickness alone, without proof of incapacity or accounting for delay, insufficient to extend time to file notice of intention to appeal.
16 November 2022
Applicant failed to account for inordinate delay; extension of time to appeal was denied.
Extension of time – application under section 38(1) LDCA – requirement to account for each day of delay – inordinate delay – matrimonial/family problems as alleged cause – distinguishing precedent where applicant was incarcerated.
16 November 2022
Court granted status‑quo injunction pending challenge to rectification of land titles, finding Atilio criteria satisfied.
Land law – Interim injunction to maintain status quo pending challenge to rectification of title – Application of Atilio v Mbowe principles: serious question to be tried, irreparable harm, balance of convenience – Rectification of registers may cause irreparable loss.
16 November 2022
Applicant granted 30 days to file appeal after court found delay excusable due to reliance on legal aid and technical delays.
Land law – extension of time – section 41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act – discretion to grant extension; good cause standard. Procedural law – technical delay and reliance on legal aid/counsel – oversights not amounting to gross negligence can justify enlargement of time. Judicial discretion – exercised according to rules of reason and justice (Mbogo principle).
16 November 2022
Interim injunction granted to restrain sale of mortgaged properties where prima facie dispute, irreparable harm and balance of convenience favored applicant.
Land — interim injunction — Atilio v Mbowe test — prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience — borrower’s interest in mortgaged property — restraint on sale pending suit.
15 November 2022
Revision is incompetent where an appeal lies and no exceptional circumstances justify foregoing appeal.
Civil procedure – Revision v Appeal – revision not a substitute for appeal where appeal exists; Land Disputes Courts Act s.43(1)(b) – revisional jurisdiction; Regulation 24 GN 174/2003 – appeals from DLHT execution orders; Revisional jurisdiction exceptions: no appeal, blocked appeal, non-party, or exceptional circumstances; Failure to plead reasons for foregoing appeal – application incompetent.
15 November 2022
Applicants failed to show good cause or account for each day of delay; extension of time to appeal was refused.
Land law – Extension of time to appeal – Requirement to show "good cause" and account for each day of delay – Delay allegedly due to late supply of certified copies – Applicants failed to account for initial 14-day and subsequent 21-day delays – Application dismissed.
14 November 2022
Omission of the place in the jurat rendered the affidavit incurably defective; injunction application struck out with costs.
Affidavit — verification and source of information — factual vs legal objection (Mukisa Biscuits); Jurat requirements — section 8 Notaries Public and Commissioner for Oaths Act — omission of place of attestation renders affidavit incurably defective; application struck out with costs.
14 November 2022
Applicant failed to account for lengthy delay; negligence of advocate did not justify extension of time.
Extension of time – applicant must account for delay; documents purportedly filed must show court filing indicia (case number, seal, receipt); negligence of advocate is not sufficient cause; alleged illegality must be apparent on face of record.
14 November 2022
Applicant's suit barred by constructive res judicata; Court functus officio and suit dismissed with costs.
Land jurisdiction – scope of High Court (Land Division) – whether challenge to mortgage and repossession constitutes a land matter. Res judicata – constructive res judicata where earlier suit on same plot was dismissed – Paniel Lotta fivefold test. Functus officio – effect of prior final disposal (including dismissal) barring subsequent proceedings. Preliminary objections – dispositive effect of res judicata on other objections.
14 November 2022
Leave to appeal refused where revision was time-barred and no prima facie or novel point of law arose.
Appellate procedure – leave to appeal – requirement of prima facie/arguable appeal or issue of general importance before granting leave. Civil procedure – revision – jurisdictional scope in revising Ward Tribunal and District Land and Housing Tribunal proceedings. Limitation – time-bar as a ground for dismissal and as determinative of leave to appeal.
14 November 2022
Application for interim stay of demolition struck out as incompetent because the relief sought was unclear.
Interim relief — maintenance of status quo v. Mareva injunction; requirement for clear and specific relief in chamber summons; competence of application; Section 2(3) Judicature and Application of Laws Act invoked only where law is silent; injunction prerequisites — triable issue and irreparable harm.
14 November 2022
Extension of time denied: applicant failed to account for delay and advocate error did not justify enlargement of time.
Civil procedure – extension of time to file Notice of Appeal; requirement to account for every day of delay; advocate negligence not ordinarily sufficient ground for enlargement of time; alleged illegality must be apparent on the face of the record to excuse strict accounting.
14 November 2022
10 November 2022
Extension of time refused for failure to account for delay; civil prisoner released conditionally to repay outstanding debt.
Civil procedure – Extension of time – applicant must account for each day of delay and show good cause. Civil procedure – Illegality as ground for extension of time must be apparent on the face of the record. Civil procedure – Validity of affidavit where deponent is a company director. Execution – Stay of execution is inappropriate where decree has been executed; court may release civil prisoner under Order XXI Rule 39(3) subject to conditions.
10 November 2022
Preliminary objections on limitation, cause of action and verification were overruled; factual disputes require evidence.
Land law – limitation and adverse possession – period runs from date cause of action arose; Preliminary objections – factual disputes unsuitable for disposal without evidence; Civil Procedure – cause of action; verification and signature of plaint – substantial compliance and amendability.
10 November 2022
Extension of time granted where delay was caused by defective and late supply of tribunal records; applicant acted diligently.
Extension of time – delay caused by defective/late supply of tribunal records – applicant’s diligence – good cause shown – extension granted without costs with time limit.
10 November 2022
Appellate tribunal properly disposed appeal on lack of locus standi, quashed void proceedings; costs remained discretionary.
Land law – locus standi; appellate courts may dispose of appeals on a single dispositive ground; time-bar issues not raised at trial may not be entertained on appeal; costs are discretionary, not automatic.
10 November 2022