High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

101 judgments
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101 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2024
Alleged fraud does not avoid res judicata; prior consent judgment bars relitigation and the suit is struck out with costs.
Res judicata – prior consent judgment and decree – Section 9 Civil Procedure Code – land dispute – alleged fraud in procurement of consent judgment – proper remedy to set aside consent judgment, not relitigation – functus officio – striking out suit with costs.
30 April 2024
A borrower lacks locus standi to challenge sale or custody of land registered in guarantors' names; suit struck out with costs.
Constitutional/Procedural law – Locus standi – Requirement of sufficient legal interest to sue regarding registered land; borrower lacks proprietary interest in guarantor’s pledged property. Land law – Ownership – Registration as determinative of ownership under the Land Registration Act. Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – jurisdictional objection leading to striking out of suit
30 April 2024
Applicant failed to show a prima facie case of absent spousal consent; injunction dismissed with costs.
Injunctions — interlocutory injunction — requirements under Atilio v Mbowe: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; Spousal consent — evidentiary effect of signed facility agreement and consent form; Failure to reply to counter-affidavit weakens applicant's challenge to documentary evidence.
30 April 2024
The appellant’s land appeal was struck out for failing to attach the Registrar’s written decision with reasons as required by statute.
Land Registration Act – Appeal under section 102 – requirement to attach copy of Registrar’s decision, order or act – section 102(3) – section 101 requirement that Registrar’s decision be in writing and state reasons – Official Search Report is not a decision with reasons and does not satisfy section 102(3).
30 April 2024
Applicant failed to prove a subsisting marriage or that the properties were a matrimonial home; injunction dismissed as abuse of process.
Civil procedure — Interim injunction — Requirement to establish prima facie case, irreparable harm and balance of convenience; Matrimonial property — Distinction between matrimonial home and matrimonial assets — Spouse's consent required for alienation/mortgage of matrimonial home (Law of Marriage Act s59; Land Act s114); Abuse of court process — Repeated applications for same relief after prior interim orders and withdrawal of main suit.
30 April 2024
A company’s counterclaim without a board resolution is incompetent and may be struck out with costs.
Companies law – institution of suits by a company – requirement of board resolution under s.147(1) – counterclaim as an independent suit – failure to file written submissions tantamount to non-appearance – strike out of incompetent counterclaim.
30 April 2024
A plaint that fails to sufficiently describe disputed immovable property (boundaries, neighbours or title) is incompetent and will be struck out.
Civil Procedure — Order VII Rule 3 — Requirement for sufficient description of immovable property in plaint; title number if registered. Land disputes — Unsurveyed land — Description must include size, boundaries, neighbours and physical features to enable identification and execution of decree Pleadings — Incompetent plaint — Failure to sufficiently identify suit property renders suit liable to be struck out
30 April 2024
Application to extend time to serve a notice of appeal was procedurally misplaced and therefore struck out.
Procedure — Extension of time to appeal — Applicant withdrew Court of Appeal appeal for failure to join a party (Rule 102(1)) — Notice of Appeal must be lodged (Rule 83) before service (Rule 84) — Relief sought to extend time to serve a not-yet-filed notice is procedurally misplaced — Application struck out.
30 April 2024
Time awaiting certified copies/drawn order excluded from computing the 45-day appeal period; appeal held timely.
Land appeal period – computation of 45-day time limit under section 41(2) – automatic exclusion where certified copy/drawn order issued later; Nicodemus Lusambo (Civil Appeal No.486/2022) distinguished – written request requirement inapplicable on these facts.
30 April 2024
Applicant granted 14‑day extension to file notice of appeal after Registrar delayed supplying the written decision.
Land — extension of time to file notice of appeal — delay caused by Registrar of Titles' failure to supply written decision — applicant's requests and court mandamus — denial of right to be heard and illegality argued — reasonable cause found.
30 April 2024
Proceedings continued after an applicant’s death without appointment of a legal representative were irregular and the Tribunal’s judgment was nullified.
Civil procedure — Death of a party during proceedings — Requirement to appoint legal representative/administrator — Order XXII Rule 3(2) Civil Procedure Code — Abatement after 90 days; Land Disputes (DLHT) Regulations — Regulation 15(a) — Continuance of proceedings in absence of legal representative renders proceedings nullity; protection of estate interests; appeal naming deceased improper until administrator appointed.
30 April 2024
A tribunal cannot sustain a preliminary objection dependent on factual evidence heard at trial; the matter must be decided on the merits.
Civil procedure – preliminary objection – must raise a pure point of law and be decided on assumed pleaded facts – cannot depend on factual evidence already adduced. Limitation of actions – accrual of cause of action under s.9(2) Law of Limitation Act – factual determination required where evidence bears on accrual. Fair trial – sustaining a fact-dependent preliminary objection after hearing evidence may prejudice parties and warrants quashing and remittal
30 April 2024
A preliminary objection fails where pleadings sufficiently allege defendants’ involvement in alleged trespass and eviction.
Preliminary objection — point of law versus disputed facts; sufficiency of pleadings to show cause of action; allegations of trespass and unlawful eviction implicating non‑title defendants.
30 April 2024
Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution after amended petition and submissions were filed out of time without leave.
Civil procedure — Appeal — Failure to comply with court-ordered filing deadlines — Amended petition filed out of time without leave treated as not filed — Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution; substantive issues not determined.
30 April 2024
The applicant's suit to set aside a sale in execution was time‑barred for failure to plead statutory exclusion.
Limitation law – sale in execution – item 4 Schedule, Law of Limitations Act – two‑year limitation period. Exclusion of time – section 21(1), Law of Limitations Act – not automatic; must be pleaded. Pleading requirement – Order VII Rule 6, Civil Procedure Code – plaint must state grounds for exemption. Civil procedure – preliminary objection – pure point of law capable of disposing of suit
30 April 2024
Appeal allowed: dismissal set aside and application restored due to tribunal file transfer/misplacement and inconsistent records.
Civil procedure – extension of time – setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution – misplacement/transfer of court file and reassignment of chairpersons may justify extension in interest of justice. Land disputes – restoration of dismissed application – requirement to consider tribunal records and procedural irregularities before applying Regulation 15(a) GN No.174/2003 Evidence – court records inconsistencies can rebut presumption that proceedings were properly conducted
30 April 2024
Whether the appellant proved the property was a matrimonial home requiring spouse's consent to the mortgage.
Land law – mortgage on disputed property – spouse's consent – proof of matrimonial home and requirements to rebut presumption of sole ownership Evidence – authenticity of documentary evidence – inconsistencies in dates and signatures affecting probative value. Banking law/KYC – mortgagee's duty to inquire into mortgagor's marital status – reliance on sworn affidavit and inspection. Civil procedure – preliminary objection on prior withdrawal overruled for lack of supporting order
30 April 2024
30 April 2024
Failure to record assessors in the coram vitiates DLHT proceedings and requires retrial before new chairperson and assessors.
Land disputes — Composition of DLHT — chairman plus assessors required — failure to record assessors in coram vitiates proceedings; procedural irregularity — assessors' opinions without recorded participation unenforceable; remedy: nullification and retrial before new chairperson and assessors.
30 April 2024
Applicant failed to prove ownership; tribunal's credibility findings upheld and appeal dismissed.
Land law — ownership disputes — burden of proof on claimant to establish title on balance of probabilities; credibility assessment and authenticity of sale agreement; joinder of parties not mandatory where vendor alleged deceased; late filing of submissions may permit ex parte determination.
30 April 2024
A prior strike-out for prematurity does not make the applicant's fresh land suit res judicata; registration issues are factual and premature to decide.
Civil procedure – Res judicata – Effect of strike-out for prematurity – Leave to institute fresh suit upon registration. Civil procedure – Abuse of process – Failure to comply with prior directive to register instrument – factual question requiring evidence. Land law – Dispute over survey and creation of plots – preliminary objections on procedural grounds
29 April 2024
Applicant's revision dismissed: tribunal properly adjourned then lawfully proceeded when respondent and advocate failed to appear.
Land – Execution proceedings – Right to be heard – Adjournment and absence of parties – Tribunal entitled to proceed where party and advocate fail to appear – Revision for error on face of record.
29 April 2024
Court entered consent judgment recording settlement: 1st defendant to pay plaintiff, secure title transfer and release heirs' interests.
Land law – Consent judgment – Recording and adoption of Deed of Settlement by court – Withdrawal of claims against some defendants – Enforcement of settlement terms including payment obligations, transfer of Certificate of Title, execution of power of attorney and extinguishment of heirs’ interest.
29 April 2024
Court granted temporary injunction maintaining status quo against demolition pending resolution of disputed road‑reserve ownership.
• Civil procedure – interim injunction (mareva-type relief) – application must satisfy Atilio v Mbowe criteria: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience. • Property law – disputed ownership vs road reserve status – injunction to maintain status quo pending land suit. • Public interest – suspension of road works weighed against risk of irreparable loss to occupiers.
29 April 2024
29 April 2024
A respondent's preliminary objection disputing subject-matter valuation is a factual issue and was overruled.
Land law – pecuniary jurisdiction; Civil procedure – preliminary objection; Mukisa principle – preliminary objections limited to pure points of law; Annexures and valuation – factual issues requiring evidence; Lyamuya authority on objections.
29 April 2024
Alleged procedural illegality not apparent on record and uncorroborated illness do not justify extension of time to appeal.
Extension of time – discretion and good cause – illegality as sufficient cause only if apparent on face of record – alleged procedural irregularities requiring long argument do not qualify – uncorroborated illness insufficient excuse.
29 April 2024
Illegally executed government land acquisition nullified; applicant restored to ownership and awarded general damages and costs.
Land law – Acquisition for public purpose – Procedural compliance and compensation requirements – Failure to identify and compensate registered owner renders acquisition illegal and void; trespass/demolition – burden of proof for specific damages; general damages where title restored.
29 April 2024
Closing an applicant’s case without considering adjournment and giving reasons breaches fair hearing; proceedings quashed and remitted.
Land law – access easement dispute – procedural fairness in adjudication; Civil procedure – Tribunal’s power to close parties’ cases – Regulation 13(2) GN No.174/2003; Natural justice – duty to give reasons and consider adjournment requests; Constitutional right – fair hearing under Article 13(6); Remedy – quashing of proceedings and remittal for further hearing.
29 April 2024
29 April 2024
Application for extension of time to appeal dismissed: delay unexplained, alleged illegalities not apparent on face, stay application redundant.
Civil procedure – Extension of time to file notice of appeal under section 11(1) AJA – requirements under Lyamuya – applicant must account for all delay, show diligence and that delay is not inordinate. Civil procedure – Illegality as good cause – illegality must be apparent on the face of the record to ground extension of time; evaluation-of-evidence complaints do not suffice. Civil procedure – Doctrine of functus officio – the trial court cannot reassess alleged illegalities in its own judgment when entertaining an application for extension of time
29 April 2024
A district land tribunal lacks jurisdiction over contractual disputes concerning surveying and sale of land.
Land law – Jurisdiction of District Land and Housing Tribunal – Distinguishing land disputes from contractual disputes – Exim Bank test (pleaded facts and reliefs) – Tribunal lacks power to nullify/terminate contracts or grant contractual remedies.
27 April 2024
Court struck out suit as res judicata despite change in mode of sale.
Res judicata – Section 9 Civil Procedure Code – same parties, same subject matter and substantially same reliefs bar re-litigation; change of mode of sale (public auction vs tender) immaterial; court functus officio; suit struck out with costs.
25 April 2024
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause for extension of time; unpleaded illegality grounds were afterthoughts.
Limitation of actions – extension of time – sufficient cause – delay in supply of certified copies – illegality on face of record – afterthought grounds in submissions – financial constraints and subsequent criminal proceedings not excusing delay.
25 April 2024
A granted right of occupancy is an indefeasible title; defendant’s occupation was trespass but claimed damages were unproven.
Land law – granted right of occupancy – Torrens registration – certificate of occupancy as conclusive, indefeasible title. Property disputes – competing claims – burden of proof and balance of probabilities Trespass – unlawful occupation where defendant lacks title Damages – special damages must be pleaded and proved; unproven claims are dismissed Evidence – authenticity and pleadings: non-pleaded facts and inconsistent documents undermine claims
25 April 2024
Plaintiff’s challenge to mortgage and sale was time-barred; purchaser protected as bona fide; suit dismissed with costs.
Land law – mortgage registered for unspecified amount – preclusive effect of registered mortgage over subsequent documents; Limitation – challenge to mortgage barred by 12-year limitation (Item 17 Part I); Sale and transfer – protection of bona fide purchaser for value (s.51 Cap.334; s.135 Cap.113); Planning proclamation – declaration of planning area does not extinguish right of occupancy.
25 April 2024
An appeal omitting trial parties without court leave is incompetent and will be struck out with costs.
Civil procedure – Appeal competency – omission/alteration of parties in appeal without leave – parties in subsequent proceedings must be the same as in trial proceedings. Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – may be raised at any time and must be decided before merits Remedies – incompetent appeal to be struck out with costs
25 April 2024
Suit struck out because the first plaintiff sued personally instead of as the deceased’s legal representative, rendering it incompetent.
Civil procedure – capacity to sue – legal representative – locus standi – incompetence – striking out – no order as to costs; remittal by Court of Appeal noted.
25 April 2024
25 April 2024
Extension of time denied where applicant failed to account for delay and alleged illegality was not apparent on the record.
Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – extension of time – requirement to show sufficient/good cause; Land Disputes Courts Act s.41(2) – 45-day appeal period; need to account for each day of delay; illegality as ground for extension only if apparent on face of record (Lyamuya principle).
25 April 2024
Whether assessors’ site-visit opinions bind the chair and whether ownership of the surveyed plot versus adjacent reserved valley was proved.
Land law — ownership and trespass — distinction between surveyed titled plot and adjacent reserved valley (bondeni) — assessors’ site-visit opinions not binding but must be considered; reasons required for differing — evidential burden to prove compensation or native occupancy; failure to prove ownership defeats occupation claim.
25 April 2024
24 April 2024
Appeal dismissed: pleadings showed cause of action accrued in 2008, rendering the suit filed in 2021 statute-barred.
Limitation of actions – Cause of action accrual – Contract claims (six years) and recovery of land/vacant possession (twelve years) – Pleadings determining accrual – Preliminary objection for being time-barred.
24 April 2024
Court released third‑party property from attachment after applicant proved interest; execution stayed as to that property.
Land execution — third‑party objection to attachment — Order XXI Rules 57–59 CPC — burden on objector to prove interest at date of attachment; investigation and release of property from execution where owned by third party.
24 April 2024
Sale of mortgaged property at gross undervalue breached mortgagee’s duty; sale set aside and re‑auction ordered.
Land law – Mortgagee’s duty to obtain best price – Section 133(1) and (2) Land Act – undervalue presumption where sale is ≥25% below market – admissible valuation evidence and burden of proof – sale set aside and re-auction ordered.
24 April 2024
Applicant granted temporary injunction to restrain disposal of land allegedly mortgaged using deceased guarantor’s signature.
Injunctions — temporary injunction — Atilio v Mbowe requirements: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience; challenge to mortgage validity based on alleged posthumous guarantor signature; administratrix’s right to seek injunctive relief; court may decide on one-sided written submissions where respondents default.
24 April 2024
The court quashed the dismissal against the applicant because the main matter proceeded while an interlocutory application remained pending.
Land procedure – dismissal for want of prosecution – stay of main proceedings pending determination of interlocutory/miscellaneous application – requirement to account for each day of delay – exercise of powers under section 43 Land Disputes Courts Act – quashing ex-parte orders and remittal for rehearing.
23 April 2024
Tribunal erred in granting unpleaded relief; residential licence is not conclusive proof of sole ownership; appeal allowed.
Land law — residential licence (derivative right) is not equivalent to granted right of occupancy or registered torren title; procedure — requirement to read plaint under GN.173/2003 not fatal absent prejudice; civil procedure — relief cannot be granted to defendant without counterclaim; mortgages — mortgagee’s duty to verify ownership before accepting collateral; bona fide purchaser — constructive notice of dispute defeats protection; evidence — attestation requirement not fatal when execution is admitted and attesting witness testifies.
23 April 2024
Court lifted corporate veil where directors concealed company assets, frustrating execution of an appellate refund order.
Company law – Lifting the corporate veil – Exceptional circumstances where directors conceal company assets to frustrate execution of a decree – Salomon principle and Yusufu Manji applied; execution enforcement.
23 April 2024
Late supply of the judgment justified an extension of time to appeal; fourteen days granted to file the appeal.
Land law — Extension of time to appeal — Sufficient cause — Delay in furnishing copy of judgment — Benefit of doubt where tribunal fails to show date documents were supplied — Extension granted.
23 April 2024