High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

86 judgments
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86 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
August 2024
Appellate court held purchaser at valid auction acquired lawful ownership where loan agreement granted creditor power to sell.
Land law – sale by power of sale under loan/mortgage agreement – purchaser at public auction – admissible certificate of sale, auction advertisement and DC permission; parties bound by contract terms (s.37 Law of Contract Act); appellate re‑analysis of evidence.
30 August 2024
A mediated deed of settlement in a land ownership dispute was recorded as a consent judgment, imposing payment and registration obligations and resolving all claims.
Land law – disputed ownership of unsurveyed land – mediation and Deed of Settlement recorded as consent judgment – payment, survey and registration obligations – settlement declared full and final and enforceable by execution.
30 August 2024
An unappealed district court judgment binds parties and requires land registry to issue title despite competing administrative claims.
Land law – ownership dispute – binding effect of unappealed district court judgment; res judicata bars relitigation; administrative refusal to register title contrary to judicial determination; nullification of newspaper advertisement of purported lost letter of offer.
30 August 2024
Res judicata objection premature where factual determination of identity of disputed land is required.
Land law – res judicata under Section 9 CPC; conditions for res judicata (Peniel Lotta) – identity of subject matter, parties, title, competence and finality; preliminary objections – Mukisa Biscuits principle that objections must raise pure points of law; jurisdictional objection premature where factual evidence required to establish identity of disputed land (plot/farm numbers, map references).
30 August 2024
An amended plaint failing to disclose a cause of action and omitting necessary government parties is rejected and struck out.
Land law; civil procedure — Order VII r.11(a) CPC — plaint not disclosing cause of action; amended plaint — rejection vs further amendment; non‑joinder of necessary parties (government institutions) — suit rendered incompetent and struck out.
30 August 2024
Time awaiting a certified judgment is excluded if proved; short two-day delay satisfactorily accounted for, extension granted.
Land law — Extension of time to appeal — Exclusion of period awaiting copy of judgment under Section 19(2) Law of Limitation Act — Proof required of request and supply dates — Short residual delay to be accounted for per Bushiri standard — Extension granted.
30 August 2024
Plaintiff’s challenge to mortgagee’s auction failed: default notice valid, sale lawful, purchaser protected; suit dismissed with costs.
Mortgage and sale by auction – service of statutory default notice via postal address; comparison of signatures under Evidence Act s.75; duty of mortgagee to obtain best price – burden on mortgagor to prove sale under value; auctioneer licensing – lack of renewed licence not necessarily vitiating sale where procedures substantially complied; bona fide purchaser protection under Land Act.
30 August 2024
30 August 2024
A land tribunal lacked jurisdiction over an unconcluded land sale contract; its proceedings were nullified and quashed.
Jurisdiction – Land Disputes Courts Act – Whether an unconcluded contract for sale of land is a "land matter" within the Land and Housing Tribunal's jurisdiction – Tribunal's lack of competence renders proceedings null and void. Procedure – Court may raise competence sua sponte and, under s.43 LDC Act, revise and nullify tribunal proceedings. Remedies – Contractual disputes over formation and enforcement are for ordinary civil jurisdiction, not land tribunal adjudication.
30 August 2024
An applicant may withdraw and re-file if sufficient grounds or formal defects exist; costs awarded to the applicant.
Civil Procedure – Withdrawal of suit/application – Order XXIII Rules 1(1) and 1(2) CPC; Leave to re-file – requirement of formal defect or other sufficient grounds; Withdrawal may be granted despite respondent having filed defence/counter-affidavit; Costs – court may award costs on withdrawal.
30 August 2024
Appeal dismissed because the suit land was insufficiently described and the appellant failed to prove title on balance of probabilities.
Land law – description of immovable property – requirement to describe property sufficiently to identify it (Order VII r.3 CPC); Evidence – standard of proof on balance of probabilities (s.110 Evidence Act); Document authenticity – effect of handwritten/typed inconsistencies and alterations on proof of title; Civil procedure – inability to grant effective decree where subject matter is not properly identified.
30 August 2024
Non‑joinder of Registrar of Titles and Director of Survey and Mapping rendered the land suit incompetent and it was struck out.
Land law — necessary parties — Registrar of Titles — Director of Survey and Mapping — revocation of certificates of title — non‑joinder — suit incompetent — strike out; test for necessary party: right of relief against party and inability to pass effective decree without them.
30 August 2024
A valid Certificate of Title establishes prima facie ownership unless its validity is successfully challenged.
Land law – evidentiary weight of Certificate of Title – a valid title to a surveyed parcel is prima facie proof of ownership unless its validity is impugned. Civil procedure – pleadings and admissibility of documents – documents not properly pleaded/admitted may be disregarded but do not undermine a valid Certificate of Title. Civil procedure – duty of parties to produce witnesses – courts are not obliged to summon a party’s unpleaded witnesses suo motu. Expert evidence – party must apply for an expert; court not required to call an expert absent grounds on record.
30 August 2024
Failure to give statutory 90‑day notice and to describe land adequately renders suit against the government incompetent and struck out.
Government Proceedings Act s.6(2) – mandatory 90‑day notice to sue the Government; non‑compliance renders suit incompetent. Civil Procedure Code, Order VII r.3 – requirement to adequately describe suit land; failure to do so renders plaint defective and suit incompetent. Preliminary objections – parties cannot withdraw suit to circumvent a raised objection; conceding an objection yields its consequences. Remedy – striking out incompetent suit; costs ordered for parties to bear their own.
29 August 2024
Time spent prosecuting a prior incompetent appeal in good faith may be excluded, allowing extension of time to appeal.
Law of Limitations s.21(1) — exclusion of time spent prosecuting another proceeding in good faith; extension of time — technical delay; incompetence of prior appeal; good faith prosecution; sufficiency of cause for extension; discretion to grant extension with costs.
29 August 2024
An injunction application lacking identification of the specific statutory provision relied on is incompetent and was struck out without costs.
Civil procedure – Injunctions – Order XXXVII Rules 1(a), 1(b), 2(1) and 3 – Distinct grounds for injunctions – Competency of application requires specification of the exact statutory provision relied upon – Failure to specify renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out.
29 August 2024
Extension of time granted for filing notice of appeal due to technical delay despite prior review proceedings.
Civil procedure — extension of time — technical delay where applicant pursues review and other remedies — dismissal of review does not bar appeal against original decree — Order XLII r.7(1) interpretation — sufficiency of 'technical delay' as cause for extension.
29 August 2024
Court recorded a deed of settlement under Order XXIII Rule 3 CPC, making the settlement binding and the appeal withdrawn.
Civil Procedure — Consent judgment — Recording and enforceability of a deed of settlement under Order XXIII Rule 3 CPC; payment schedule and default consequences; effect on pending appeal and ownership transfer of disputed property.
29 August 2024
Raising a preliminary objection while delaying filing a required reply is procedurally improper; temporary injunction granted to preserve disputed property.
Civil procedure — Preliminary objection — Timing — A preliminary objection may be raised at any time, but not so as to truncate or avoid filing required pleadings; seeking extension to file a reply while advancing a PO is procedurally improper. Interim relief — Temporary injunction — Preservation of status quo pending determination of main suit; injunction granted to restrain sale, eviction or injury to disputed property. Pleadings — Supplementary affidavit — Reply expected; failure to file reply undermines advance of preliminary objection. Service — Allegation of improper service must be substantiated, not merely asserted.
28 August 2024
Revision inappropriate where statutory remedy to set aside dismissal under Regulation 11(2) exists; applicant failed to exhaust it.
Land law – Procedural law – Revision v. statutory remedies – Regulation 11(1)(b) and 11(2) of GN No.174 of 2003 – Requirement to apply to set aside dismissal within 30 days and, if refused, to appeal – Revisional powers exceptional and not an alternative to appeal.
28 August 2024
Tribunal erred by relying on alleged post-suit dispositions and speculation instead of deciding ownership on evidence before it.
Land law – ownership dispute – effect of dispositions occurring after suit instituted; relevance to issues framed. Civil procedure – tribunal’s locus in quo/site visit and assessor’s opinion as evidence. Right to fair hearing – absence of third parties and whether their later alleged interests justify striking out. Appeal – when lower tribunal’s speculation about future disputes amounts to error of law.
28 August 2024
Appeal dismissed where appellant voluntarily declined to prosecute and was not unreasonably denied the right to be heard.
Civil procedure – striking out for want of prosecution – requirements before striking out – party’s failure to prosecute and voluntary declination to proceed; Constitutional law – right to be heard – fundamental but not absolute; Right to legal representation – limitations where party fails to seek or secure counsel and does not justify further adjournments; Remedies – striking out does not preclude refiling or revision under Civil Procedure Code.
28 August 2024
A taxing officer may tax costs despite a pending appeal; instruction fee reduced as excessive, transport award upheld.
Taxation of costs – pending Notice of Appeal does not automatically stay taxation; bill of costs to be filed within 60 days (Advocates Remuneration Order). Advocates’ instruction fees – discretion of taxing officer; must be exercised judiciously and guided by factors of work, complexity, time and consistency (Premchand principles). Disbursements and receipts – production of vouchers/recepts at taxation is required only if the taxing officer so directs (Order 58). Remedy – execution of taxed costs can be remedied by restitution if appeal succeeds (section 89 CPC).
28 August 2024
27 August 2024
Instruction fees for an opposed application must follow the Advocates' Remuneration Order and were reduced to TZS 1,000,000.
Advocates' Remuneration Order — Eleventh Schedule item 1(m) — instruction fees for applications — taxation of costs — opposed application attracts TZS 1,000,000 instruction fee; taxing officer must adhere to prescribed scale.
27 August 2024
An administrator with letters of administration has locus standi and the High Court has jurisdiction over the land dispute.
Land law; locus standi of estate administrator; letters of administration empower administrator to sue; High Court original jurisdiction over proceedings relating to land under section 37 of the Land Disputes Courts Act; preliminary objection on jurisdiction overruled.
26 August 2024
Omission of the plaint's valuation renders the suit incompetent despite the government being a party.
Civil procedure – Order VII r.1(i) CPC – requirement to state value of subject matter in plaint; Land law – High Court jurisdiction where Government is party (GPA s.6(4); LDCA s.37) – valuation omission affects court fees and competence; Preliminary objection – competence of suit for omission of plaint valuation.
26 August 2024
Extension of time granted; period spent prosecuting earlier struck-out appeal excluded under s.21(2) Law of Limitation Act.
Land procedure — Extension of time to file notice of appeal — Good cause required — Section 21(2) Law of Limitation Act — Time spent prosecuting earlier appeal excluded where prosecuted with due diligence and in good faith — Counting of delay starts from striking out date.
26 August 2024
Applicant withdrew extension application; court marked it withdrawn and ordered each party to bear own costs.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal of proceedings – Right of plaintiff/applicant to withdraw under Order XXIII CPC – Court discretion as to costs when withdrawal is at an early stage. Costs – Whether to award costs where application is withdrawn – discretionary refusal where withdrawal timely and early. Extension of time – application for leave to file revision (s.41A(2) & s.52 Cap 216) rendered moot by withdrawal.
26 August 2024
23 August 2024
23 August 2024
Appeal against execution order dismissed — Tribunal properly considered objections and complied with Regulation 23.
Execution proceedings – objections at show‑cause hearing – only oral objection of pending appeal found on record and considered by Tribunal; Stay of execution – no formal application or extension request filed — oral intention insufficient; Procedure – Regulation 23 (Land Disputes Courts Regulations, 2003) permits chairman to make execution orders and consider objections; no procedural breach established.
23 August 2024
Appeal against Taxing Officer’s decision was incompetent; statutory remedy is reference by chamber summons under G.N. 263/2015.
Advocates Remuneration Order G.N. 263/2015 – taxation proceedings – Chairperson as Taxing Officer – mandatory remedy is reference by chamber summons to High Court within 21 days – procedural compliance (affidavit, service) essential – incompetence and striking out of appeal.
23 August 2024
The applicant's subsequent land-ownership suit was dismissed as res judicata following a prior final tribunal decision.
Land law – Res judicata under Section 9 CPC – Prior final determination by District Land and Housing Tribunal bars re-litigation of ownership; Preliminary objections – limitation, locus standi, and property description raised but not determined.
22 August 2024
22 August 2024
A purchaser cannot acquire good title from a vendor without title; respondent's ownership upheld and appeal dismissed.
Land law – ownership dispute over unsurveyed land – trespass proceedings – whether purchaser is bona fide and whether vendor had title to pass – evidentiary assessment and proof on balance of probabilities; Farah Mohamed v Fatuma Abdallah; Hemed Said v Mohamed Mbilu.
22 August 2024
Plaintiff failed to prove ownership; defence evidence of village/government title prevailed and suit was dismissed with costs.
Land law – proof of ownership – burden of proof on balance of probabilities – weight of oral evidence versus documentary records – effect of prior Ward Tribunal findings and evidence of village/government acquisition; joint venture/lease and investments on disputed land.
22 August 2024
Consent judgment declaring the plaintiff owner, granting injunction and ordering withdrawal of stop order and issuance of building permit.
Land law – declaration of title to unsurveyed land; Consent judgment – recording and enforcement of parties' settlement as court decree; Injunction – permanent restraint against defendants interfering with plaintiff's occupation; Administrative relief – withdrawal of Stop Order and issuance of building permit by local authority; Enforcement – terms of settlement executable as court decree on default.
22 August 2024
Plaintiff's challenge to loan enhancements and bank's retention of title deed fails due to his documented consent and stronger defence evidence.
Mortgage law – validity of mortgage variations – consent of guarantor/mortgagor evidenced by signed deeds of variation and facility letters. Evidence – burden of proof in civil cases – preponderance of probabilities and binding effect of documents signed by parties. Bank security rights – retention of title deed as lawful exercise of mortgage/security rights where borrower/guarantor consented. Remedies – dismissal for failure to prove allegations; costs awarded to defendants.
21 August 2024
Appellate court upheld tribunal: mortgage void as mortgagor died before alleged execution; service and evidence admission proper.
Land law – validity of mortgage – whether mortgagor deceased before execution – substituted service by publication and ex parte proceedings – admissibility of documentary/secondary evidence where no trial objection – shifting evidential burden in civil cases when prima facie proof produced.
21 August 2024
Prior tribunal proceedings withdrawn to join the Attorney General can exclude limitation time; plaint must state land size or be amended.
Limitation law – item 22 Part I (recovery of land) – 12 years limitation period; Exclusion of time – section 21(1) Law of Limitation Act – time spent prosecuting prior proceedings in good faith in incompetent court excluded; Civil Procedure – Order VII Rule 6 – requirement to plead grounds for exemption from limitation; Civil Procedure – Order VII Rule 3 – description of immovable property (including size) required in the plaint; Civil Procedure – section 3A (overriding objective) – amendment to cure defects in the plaint.
21 August 2024
Plaintiff permitted to withdraw land suit; withdrawal granted without leave to refile and each party to bear own costs.
Land law – withdrawal of suit under Order XXIII Rule 1(1); effect of third‑party acquisition of title during pendency; leave to refile; costs where parties consent to withdrawal.
21 August 2024
Extension of time to file a notice of appeal granted; execution of decree does not bar appeal and withdrawal of notice is not fatal.
Appellate procedure – extension of time under section 11(1) AJA – requirements and judicial discretion Execution of decree – does not bar right of appeal; restitution available under section 89 CPC Withdrawal of notice of appeal – legal effect and distinction from withdrawal of an appeal Effect of advocate’s death and procedural defects on delay Illegality of impugned decision as relevant ground when granting extension (Lyamuya principles)
20 August 2024
Land tribunal's awards for equipment and general damages upheld; appeal succeeds only on contractual costs clause.
Land law – lease agreement – breach by lessor through lockout and re-leasing without observing contractual notices. Evidence – special damages – pleaded values not controverted; oral, inventory and business plan admissible to prove specific loss. Remedies – award of specific and general damages in lease disputes. Jurisdiction – DLHT may award consequential damages arising from a land/lease dispute. Costs – contractual clause requiring parties to bear their own costs binding on the tribunal.
20 August 2024
Section 19(2)–(3) LLA automatically excludes time to obtain judgment/decree; premature extension attracts costs but may be allowed.
Limitation law – s.19(2)–(3) Law of Limitation Act – automatic exclusion of time to obtain certified copy of judgment/decree when computing appeal period. Appeals – s.41(2) Land Disputes Courts' Act – 45‑day appeal period and requirement to attach certified copies to memorandum of appeal. Procedural practice – premature applications for extension filed while still within time; court may grant relief and order costs. Authorities – Alex Senkoro v. Eliambuya Lyimo; Bukoba Municipal Council v. New Metro Merchandise (Court of Appeal precedents).
20 August 2024
Court entered consent judgment directing revocation of an allegedly fraudulently obtained licence and issuance of a new licence to the plaintiff.
Land law – ownership dispute and residential licence – parties settle and consent judgment directs administrative revocation and re-issuance of licence. Administrative action – revocation notice in the Gazette and statutory period – public authority directed to take steps pursuant to settlement. Consent judgment – recording private settlement that requires public authorities to act; court enforces agreed obligations. Alleged forgery – referenced police investigation but no independent substantive judicial finding beyond settlement.
20 August 2024
20 August 2024
20 August 2024
Joinder application withdrawn; court refused to entertain joinder that could contravene Court of Appeal’s retrial directive.
Civil procedure – Joinder of parties – Application under Order 1 Rule 10(2) and Section 95 CPC – withdrawal at hearing Appellate procedure – Effect of Court of Appeal retrial directive – retrial to commence from admission of a specific exhibit Procedure – Appropriateness of introducing new parties at a retrial stage prescribed by an appellate court
19 August 2024
Judicial review inappropriate where statutory remedies exist and ownership disputes between individuals require ordinary suit; application struck out.
Land law — Judicial review — Competence of prerogative orders to challenge rectification/removal from land register — Alternative statutory remedies under Land Registration Act (ss.99–102) and Land Act — Prerogative orders inappropriate for private ownership disputes — Commissioner’s letter not a reviewable decision; Registrar of Titles makes final rectification decision.
19 August 2024