High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

150 judgments
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150 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
September 2024
Review granted where application was struck out due to counsel’s misdirection and an apparent error on the record.
Civil procedure — Review under section 78(1) and Order XLII r.1(b) — Apparent error on face of record — Non-joinder objection premature where suggested party was never in original proceedings — Sanctity of court record; withdrawal by counsel v. court-raised issues — Reinstatement of struck-out application.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
A plaint by foreign-owned companies failing to plead TIC approval lacked a cause of action and was struck out.
Land law – capacity to hold land – non-citizen/foreign-shareholder companies require TIC approval for land – plaint must plead TIC approval or investment purpose; Cause of action – essential facts must be pleaded; Preliminary objection – pure point of law may be decided at PTC; Remedy – plaint failing to disclose cause of action can be struck out.
30 September 2024
Plaintiff defaulted; auction was irregular but transfer was valid and bona fide purchaser protected; remedy is damages, not set-aside.
Land law – mortgagee's power of sale; statutory notice requirements (Land Act s.127) and auction notice (Auctioneers Act s.12); protection of bona fide purchaser and effect of registration (Land Act s.135); remedy for irregular sale is damages (s.135(4)); Registrar of Titles’ 30‑day notice and transfer procedure.
30 September 2024
An application for a temporary injunction under Order XXXVII requires a pending suit and is struck out if that suit is no longer pending.
Civil procedure – Interim injunctions – Order XXXVII Rule 2(1) CPC – Requirement of a pending suit as precondition for temporary injunction – Application overtaken by events where main suit is struck out for lack of jurisdiction.
30 September 2024
A contractual challenge to the formation/terms of a sale agreement is not a land dispute; the Land Division lacks jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction – High Court (Land Division) – limited to disputes concerning interests in land (ownership, possession, use). Contract v. land dispute – disputes about formation/terms of sale agreements are contractual and do not automatically constitute land disputes. Disposition of land – sale is a mode of disposition but the sale agreement is evidence of disposition; jurisdiction arises only where interest/possession/usage is disputed. Procedural consequence – matter founded purely on contractual formation/terms may be struck out for want of Land Division jurisdiction
30 September 2024
A preliminary objection that the trespass suit was time‑barred was dismissed; recovery of land attracts a 12‑year limitation.
Limitation of actions – recovery of land v. tort of trespass – applicable limitation period under item 22 Part I, Schedule to the Law of Limitations Act, Cap 89 R.E. 2019; preliminary objection – pure point of law apparent on face of plaint (Mukisa; Lyamuya).
30 September 2024
Temporary injunction granted pending trial after applicant showed triable issues, irreparable harm, and favourable balance of convenience.
Land law – interim injunction – Atilio v. Mbowe test (prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience) – disputed purchase agreement versus expired lease – possession and eviction pending determination of ownership
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Consent judgment recorded: plaint amended, secured property sale authorized, guarantor exonerated, and repayment schedule imposed.
Civil procedure – Consent judgment – Settlement recorded and entered under Order VIII Rule 34 CPC following court-referred mediation Land/security – Deposit of title as collateral – Power of sale by lender to realize part of secured debt. Amendment of plaint – Correction of mistaken claimed amount by consent. Guarantor liability – Exoneration of guarantor upon realization of sale proceeds Enforcement – Execution of decree on default against principal debtor
30 September 2024
Appellants' land claim dismissed for failure to show lawful acquisition and insufficient documentary evidence.
Land law – ownership disputes – weight of certificate of title – requirement to show lawful acquisition (Form N.19) – pleadings and evidence – reliance on pleaded ownership – trespass remedies.
30 September 2024
Failure to involve neighbouring occupants in boundary recovery rendered the survey unlawful and required a re-survey and striking out of the suit.
Land law – Boundary recovery and survey – Requirement to give notice and involve affected owners – Principles of natural justice – Land Survey Act safeguards; Procedural irregularity renders survey unlawful; Re-survey using GPS/RTK and independent officer ordered; Suit struck out pending lawful recovery.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Whether a taxing officer’s failure to apportion awarded costs renders the ruling unenforceable and warrants reversal.
Taxation of costs – Apportionment of taxed costs among multiple defendants – Enforceability of court orders – Remittal to Taxing Officer for fresh determination – Requirement to state joint and several liability where applicable.
30 September 2024
First‑appeal court dismissed land ownership claim; rescission and evidence failed to establish appellant’s title.
Land law – ownership dispute; rescission of sale agreement and refunds – burden of proof under s.110 TEA – alleged forgery/discrepancy in land size – Tribunal’s duty to hear parties (Article 13(6)) – first appeal: re-evaluation of evidence.
30 September 2024
Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution after appellants failed to file submissions or appear; merits not decided.
Land appeal — procedural default — failure to file ordered written submissions and failure to appear — dismissal for want of prosecution; issues raised but not decided: jurisdiction, right to be heard, ex parte judgment, ownership, bona fide purchaser.
30 September 2024
Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution after appellants failed to file submissions or appear; no order as to costs.
Civil procedure — failure to prosecute — dismissal for want of prosecution; non-compliance with court-ordered filing schedule; absence from court; no order as to costs.
30 September 2024
A respondent’s submissions lacking filing date and registry signature are rejected; non-joinder of liquidator was not fatal.
Civil procedure – Procedural compliance – Filing date and registry endorsement on documents served to parties – served copies lacking endorsement are fatally defective. Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – Non‑joinder/misjoinder – Necessary party doctrine; a party is necessary only if essential for complete and final adjudication. Administrative/land claims – Compensation claims against government – distinction from disputes involving bank/liquidator interests
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Applicant proved on balance of probabilities that the attached house is a matrimonial home and not liable to attachment.
Execution — Objection to attachment — Matrimonial/residential home exempt from attachment — Order XXI r.58; s.48(1)(e) CPC; burden on objector to prove interest at date of attachment — Wrong citation of statute not fatal — Court may determine attachment objections without interfering with Court of Appeal decision.
30 September 2024
Appeal allowed: trial proceedings quashed because plaint failed to sufficiently describe the disputed immovable property.
Civil procedure – Pleading requirements – Description of immovable property – Order VII Rule 3 Civil Procedure Code applies to land disputes; plaint must sufficiently identify property Evidence – Variance – Oral evidence as to size, boundaries or neighbours cannot cure unpleaded particulars and must be ignored if at variance with pleadings. Land law – Trespass claims require sufficiently identified property for proof and for issuance of executable decrees. Procedural competence – Defective pleadings rendering proceedings incompetent justify quashing proceedings, judgment and decree
30 September 2024
The applicants' inconsistent pleading and inadequate land description rendered the suit incompetent and it was struck out.
Land law — Pleading — Adequate description of immovable property — Order VII Rule 3 CPC — Joinder of parties — Representative suit (Order I Rule 8) — Incompetency and striking out where subject matter unclear.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Appeal dismissed: tribunal rightly found disputed area partly public open space and appellants lacked enforceable title or lease.
Land dispute — ownership and possession — distinction between public/open space and titled parcel; effect and enforceability of informal or 'gentlemen's' agreement; requirement to assess evidence on balance of probabilities; appellate review upholding trial tribunal where claimants fail to prove exclusive rights.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Court overruled the preliminary objection, allowing the suit to proceed, citing proper service of statutory notice.
Local Govt Law – judicial procedures – statutory notice of intention to sue – sufficient compliance with statutory requirements.
30 September 2024
Sale and transfer of mortgaged land without statutory notices and contrary to a court order is unlawful and void.
Land law – mortgagee’s power of sale – statutory 60-days' notice of default; receiver duties – written appointment and demand note (s.128); sale by tender – 10-day notice to mortgagor (s.132(4)); effect of court’s status quo order – transfer contrary to court order void ab initio; damages require proof of loss.
30 September 2024
Application to set aside dismissal denied for failure to prove sufficient cause and repeated non‑compliance with court orders.
Civil procedure – Setting aside dismissal orders – Order VIIIB Rule 20(2) – discretionary relief on just terms; evidentiary proof of incapacity or travel required. Litigation conduct – client‑centric litigation and strict compliance with court orders; negligence/lack of diligence not ordinarily good cause Costs – discretionary refusal where applicant partly to blame
30 September 2024
Applicant granted 14-day extension to seek setting aside of ex parte judgment due to sufficient cause and alleged illegality.
Extension of time; sufficient cause vs negligence; technical delay; ex parte judgment; illegality on face of record; non-joinder of necessary parties; Ward Tribunal requirement (Written Laws (Misc. Amendment) (No.3) Act, 2021); exercise of judicial discretion
30 September 2024
Failure to serve the mandatory 90‑day statutory notice on local authorities rendered the applicant's suit incompetent and struck out.
Government proceedings – mandatory ninety days' notice to Attorney General/local government before commencing suit; non-compliance renders suit incompetent. Civil procedure – preliminary objection – court may strike out suit for failure to comply with mandatory statutory prerequisites. Local government – suits against district or village councils treated as government proceedings after statutory amendments
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Court allowed extension of time to file revision, holding alleged illegality can justify enlargement of time.
Extension of time – s.14 Law of Limitations Act – sufficiency of cause and accounting for delay; alleged illegality in impugned decision as ground for enlargement of time; discretion of court; precedents: Devram Valambhia, Lyamuya Construction.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Technical procedural delays justified a 14‑day extension to lodge an appeal; application granted, no costs.
Civil procedure – Extension of time to appeal – Technical delay consisting of withdrawn application with leave to refile, striking out for being out of time, and delayed service – constitutes good cause for extension. Appeal procedure – Time limits for lodging appeals – court may grant limited extension where applicant demonstrates procedural or technical impediments
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
A challenge to the Registrar’s land-registration act must be by appeal under section 102(1); a fresh suit was incompetent and struck out.
Land law – Challenge to Registrar’s act – Section 102(1) Land Registration Act – Appeal to High Court within three months is the exclusive remedy – Competence of suit where plaint seeks to set aside registration – Preliminary objection sustained.
29 September 2024
27 September 2024
Extension granted: technical delay from a struck-out appeal was excusable and not inordinate, so leave to appeal is extended.
Extension of time; technical delay from prosecuting an incompetent appeal; section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act; section 41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act; Fortunatus Masha; Lyamuya test on accounting for delay and inordinate delay; comparison with 45-day statutory appeal period.
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
Applicant failed to plead a primafacie case, irreparable harm or favourable balance of convenience for injunctive relief; application dismissed.
Civil Procedure – Interim injunctions – Requirements for granting temporary injunctions – Atilio v Mbowe test: triable issue/primafacie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience – Sufficiency of affidavit to establish the conditions for injunctive relief.* Lease disputes – eviction and access to premises – applicant’s burden to plead facts supporting injunctive relief.
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
Non-compliant locus in quo visit rendered the tribunal's proceedings and judgment null, leading to quash and remittal.
Land law – locus in quo – site visit procedural requirements – presence of parties and advocates; evidence on oath; cross-examination; recording of proceedings and court observations. Failure to observe locus in quo safeguards renders site-visit proceedings and any judgment relying on them a nullity Remedy – quashing of defective proceedings, remittal to trial tribunal to proceed from pre-visit stage; parties to bear own costs
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
Suit dismissed as res judicata because prior dismissal resolved same land dispute between same parties.
Civil procedure – Res judicata (section 9 CPC) – constructive res judicata where prior dismissed suit on compensation involved same land and parties; dismissal is a final determination barring re-litigation.
27 September 2024
27 September 2024
The applicant failed to prove matrimonial interest; prior decree stands and property is liable to execution.
Land law – matrimonial property claims; Order XXI r.62 CPC – suit to establish proprietary right after objection; res judicata/functus officio – court not revisiting its prior decree; proof of contribution – requirement of cogent documentary evidence; execution/attachment of property pursuant to valid decree.
26 September 2024
Plaintiffs failed to prove title to village land; trespass and damages claims dismissed with costs.
Land law – unsurveyed village land – proof of title – burden of proof in civil cases; necessity of calling material witnesses (vendors and village authorities) – adverse inference where material witnesses are not called (Hemedi Saadi v Mbilu) – weight of village council minutes in resolving village boundary/ownership disputes – trespass claim requires establishment of proprietary right.
26 September 2024