High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

1,168 judgments
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1,168 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
November 2024
Applicant's exclusion from eviction proceedings and DLHT’s overreaching execution order vitiated the proceedings; revision granted.
Land law – execution of decree – scope of executing court – executing court must not go behind or alter decree; Civil procedure – revision under s.43 Land Disputes Courts Act and s.95 CPC – apparent error on the face of record; Natural justice – right to be heard – necessary party/joinder where co-owner has direct interest; DLHT procedures – eviction orders and limits of execution.
19 November 2024
Eviction/demolition notices by an unappointed executor on parcels not named in the decree were invalid; buildings not liable for demolition.
Objection proceedings (Order XXI r.57 CPC) – execution of decree – appointment of court broker/executor – requirement for clear description of immovable property in plaint/decree – protection of non-parties with interest in property against improper attachment or eviction.
19 November 2024
Appeal dismissed with costs for being filed two days outside the statutory 45‑day appeal period.
Appeals — Limitation — statutory 45‑day appeal period under s.41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act — failure to apply for extension of time — Law of Limitation Act s.3(1) mandates dismissal of time‑barred proceedings.
19 November 2024
An appeal omitting a party to the original proceedings is incompetent and was struck out for violating the right to be heard.
Civil procedure – Appeal competency – Omission of a party from appeal; Natural justice – audi alteram partem; Right to be heard; Appeal struck out where an original party omitted.
19 November 2024
A ward tribunal secretary’s participation in hearings as a member renders the tribunal’s decision illegal and void.
Local government law – Ward Tribunal composition – Secretary is an employee and not a tribunal member; participation in adjudication vitiates proceedings. Procedural law – irregular tribunal composition – decision signed/endorsed by non-member is illegal and null. Appellate duty – District Land and Housing Tribunal must correct trial tribunal composition defects on appeal.
19 November 2024
Secretary's participation in Ward Tribunal proceedings vitiated the decision; appellate court must correct such composition irregularity.
Ward Tribunal composition – participation of secretary – secretary is not a member under s.4 of the Ward Tribunal Act – participation vitiates decision; appellate duty to correct irregularity; quash and set aside proceedings; fresh filing permitted.
19 November 2024
Suit enforcing a loan secured by land struck out for lack of Land Division jurisdiction and defective verification clause.
Jurisdiction – Division of High Court – whether enforcement of a commercial loan secured by land constitutes a land dispute; Civil Procedure – Order VI, Rule 15(2) – mandatory verification of each paragraph of pleadings; Procedural law – substantive defects in verification not curable by overriding objective; Forum non conveniens within High Court divisions.
18 November 2024
Appeal allowed: tribunal judgment set aside for reliance on unfiled counterclaim, improperly admitted secondary evidence and hearsay.
Civil procedure – non-joinder – removed party after compromise does not automatically render appeal incompetent. Civil procedure – counterclaim – relief cannot be granted on a counterclaim not formally pleaded or filed. Evidence – secondary evidence/photocopy – procedural requirements must be complied with when admitting secondary documents. Evidence – hearsay – testimony about ownership by a local leader is inadmissible hearsay absent corroboration or testimony from the owner. Pleadings and issues – tribunal must confine decision to framed issues; reliance on extraneous matters is procedural irregularity. Land law – occupation/priority – evidence of earlier sale and occupation establishes priority.
18 November 2024
Applicant allowed to withdraw land application without costs because it was unserved and at an early stage.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal of application – Applicant’s right to withdraw vs respondent’s interest; unserved application; costs; Order XXIII Rules 1 and 2, Civil Procedure Code, R.E.2019.
18 November 2024
The plaintiff may withdraw an early-stage land suit without costs where non-joinder of a necessary party renders it incompetent.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal of suit – Plaintiff’s right to withdraw balanced against defendant’s interest – Non-joinder of necessary party (Registrar of Titles) – Discretion to order costs.
18 November 2024
Land dispute settled with defendant agreeing to pay TZS 350,000,000, resolving claims and withdrawing the suit.
Land law – Breach of memorandum of understanding – Ownership of property – Settlement and withdrawal of suit through consent order.
18 November 2024
Illegality from non-joinder justified extension of time for the applicants to file a revisional application (14 days).
Civil procedure — Extension of time — Illegality (non-joinder of necessary parties) as sufficient ground for extension. Civil procedure — Compliance with procedural orders — written submissions and reliance on pleadings. Land law — Determination of necessary parties in land proceedings and consequences of non-joinder.
18 November 2024
Applicant permitted to withdraw application at an early stage; withdrawal allowed without an order as to costs.
Civil procedure – Withdrawal of proceedings – Applicant entitled to withdraw application at any stage – Court must balance applicant’s right with respondents’ interest in costs – Withdrawal allowed at early stage without order as to costs.
18 November 2024
The applicant's request to withdraw the application was granted, marked withdrawn with leave to refile and no costs ordered.
Civil Procedure – Application withdrawal – Right to withdraw an application – Consideration of costs incurred by respondents – Balance of rights and interests.
18 November 2024
Court records and gives effect to a deed of settlement resolving a boundary dispute, orders remedial works and re-survey, and withdraws the suit.
Civil procedure – Consent judgment – Recording of deed of settlement under Order XXIII r.3 – Boundary dispute – Specific performance by removal of structures and re-survey obligations – Settlement effective from lodgement date and binding on subsequent suits.
18 November 2024
Court upheld instruction fee but reduced transportation allowance due to insufficient documentation.
Advocates Remuneration Order – Taxation of costs – Whether Taxing Officer erred in principle; reasonableness of instruction fees; sufficiency of documentation for transportation allowances; limited judicial interference with taxation decisions.
18 November 2024
15 November 2024
15 November 2024
14 November 2024
14 November 2024
Inadequate, blanket description of unsurveyed suit land rendered the Tribunal’s proceedings and decision null and void.
Land law – Description of immovable property – Order VII Rule 3 CPC – Blanket/approximate description insufficient – Unsurveyed land requires boundaries – Defect renders proceedings/decision null and void – Revision under s.43 Land Disputes Courts Act.
14 November 2024
A land court lacks jurisdiction to grant administrative orders compelling delivery of a certificate of title; suit struck out.
Jurisdiction – Land Division – Whether administrative/prerogative orders (compelling delivery of a certificate of title) fall within land court jurisdiction under s.3 LDCA and s.167 Land Act. Nature of relief – Administrative vs. land remedy – substance of the order determines cognizability. Mortgage/commercial character insufficient to convert administrative relief into a land dispute. Preliminary objection – lack of jurisdiction – striking out with costs.
13 November 2024
Appellant’s title found improperly acquired; dismissal of ownership claim upheld but un‑pleaded surrender order quashed.
Land law — ownership dispute — certificate of title prima facie evidence but liable to be set aside if procured by fraud/encroachment; survey irregularities and municipal inquiry; appellate re-evaluation of evidence; courts must not grant un‑pleaded relief; surrender/revocation of title governed by Land Registration Act.
13 November 2024
Alleged forgery of spouse consent requires particular pleading, higher proof and police inquiry; appellant failed to discharge onus, appeal dismissed.
Land law – spouse consent for mortgage (s.114(1)(a) Land Act); civil procedure – allegation of forgery must be specifically pleaded with particulars; evidence – allegation of fraud/forgery requires higher standard of proof; evidence – court may compare disputed writings; probative effect diminished where alleged forgery not reported to police for forensic examination.
12 November 2024
Prima facie case shown but failure to prove irreparable harm led to dismissal of injunction application without costs.
Civil procedure – interlocutory injunction – application under s.68(e), s.95 and Order XXXVII Rules 1(a) & 2(1) CPC; Test for temporary injunction – Atilio v Mbowe: prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience; Applicant established prima facie triable issue but failed to prove irreparable harm; Sale and transfer to third party relevant to relief sought; Application dismissed without costs.
12 November 2024
A High Court dismissed a revision as time‑barred where the applicant delayed challenging an ex‑parte consent judgment.
Land law – Revision of Tribunal decisions – competency and limitation period for filing revision; District Land and Housing Tribunal Regulations 2003 – Regulation 11(2) – time limit to apply to set aside ex‑parte orders; Limitation – Law of Limitation Act, Cap 89 – dismissal of matters filed out of time; Consent judgments and execution – effect of delayed challenges to ex‑parte/consent orders.
12 November 2024
8 November 2024
Extension of time granted for revision due to technical delay and denial of right to be heard.
Land law – extension of time to file revision; technical delay – prosecution of related proceedings in wrong forum; Law of Limitation Act s.21(1) – exclusion of time; illegality/denial of right to be heard as sufficient cause; affidavit formalities – joint jurat and hearsay; preliminary objections – form versus substance.
8 November 2024
Delay in obtaining court copies constituted sufficient cause to grant a 14‑day extension to file the appeal.
Extension of time – Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – discretion to grant extension – requirement of sufficient cause. Procedural delay – failure to obtain copies of ruling – sufficiency of explanation for delay. Civil procedure – extensions to file appeals – costs to follow event.
8 November 2024
An application supported by an affidavit sworn by a non-applicant and merely verified by applicants is defective and struck out with costs.
Civil Procedure — Chamber summons — affidavit requirement (Order XLIII r 2) — Verification of pleadings/affidavits (Order VI r (1) & (3)) — Affidavit sworn by non-applicant and verified by others without joint affidavit designation is defective — Defective affidavit renders application incompetent; struck out with costs.
6 November 2024
A contractual dispute over building construction is not a land dispute; Land Division lacks jurisdiction, suit struck out.
Land law — Jurisdiction of High Court Land Division — Nature of 'land dispute' — Contract for construction/occupation does not necessarily create a land dispute — Court must determine jurisdiction at outset — Limitation point not decided once lack of jurisdiction established.
6 November 2024
Mareva injunction dismissed as constructive res judicata because prior final judgment adjudicated the same land title.
Res judicata — constructive res judicata where title previously adjudicated; Paniel Lotta five‑condition test; functus officio; Mareva injunction barred by prior final judgment; interplay with Order XXI r.62 and statutory 90‑day notice.
5 November 2024
Appeal held time-barred though court granted 45 days to file appeal so the dispute may be heard on merits.
Land law – appeals from Ward Tribunals – limitation periods – effect of repeal of Section 20 of LDCA – application of Law of Limitation Act where lacuna exists. Civil procedure – time bar – distinguishing precedent (Nsenso Mwandu). Overriding principle – exercise of judicial discretion to permit filing of appeal for substantive justice.
1 November 2024
1 November 2024
October 2024
Court recorded parties' settlement as consent judgment, making deed binding and the suit withdrawn.
Land law; consent judgment — recording and enforcement of Deed of Settlement under Order XXIII r.3 and s.95 CPC; recognition of ownership; payment of outstanding purchase price; obligation to execute transfer documents; binding effect and bar to subsequent suits.
31 October 2024
Extension of time to seek revision refused for inordinate delay, unreliable affidavit, non‑apparent illegality and forum shopping.
Extension of time – Law of Limitation Act s.14(1) – applicant must account for all delay; inordinate delay fatal. Illegality – alleged lack of locus standi/power of attorney – must be apparent on face of record to justify extension. Affidavit credibility – falsehoods render affidavit unreliable. Abuse of process/forum shopping – concurrent proceedings weigh against extension.
31 October 2024
Extension of time granted to file notice of appeal due to apparent illegality on the face of the record.
Civil procedure — Extension of time to file Notice of Appeal — s.11(1) Appellate Jurisdiction Act — requirements for good cause: promptness, accounting for each day, prejudice — illegality as exceptional ground must be apparent on face of record — financial inability not sufficient.
31 October 2024
Court granted a temporary injunction preventing eviction pending resolution of disputed land ownership despite res judicata concerns.
Land law – interim injunction – requirements for temporary injunction (prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience); res judicata and rights in rem – effect on interlocutory relief; preservation of status quo pending determination of main suit.
31 October 2024
Unregistered sale proved by documents and admissions defeats later unproven mortgage; appellants declared owners.
Land law – proof of ownership – weight of documentary evidence (sale agreements) and witness testimony – effect of admissions in pleadings; Registration of mortgages – requirement of documentary proof/official search and valuation by registered valuer; Priority disputes between unregistered sale and alleged registered mortgage when mortgagee fails to prove registration and valuation.
31 October 2024
31 October 2024
31 October 2024
Uninterrupted possession and corroborative evidence established appellant's ownership over an unproven earlier title.
Land law – ownership dispute – burden of proof on balance of probabilities – possession and development as proof of title; evaluation of witness evidence and authenticity of sale agreements; review of DLHT's evidence assessment.
31 October 2024
Application challenging Bill of Costs struck out as underlying suit was withdrawn with leave to refile, not finally determined.
Advocate Remuneration Order (G.N. No. 264 of 2015) – section 7(1),(2) – challenge to Bill of Costs – competence where underlying suit withdrawn with leave to refile; Civil procedure – withdrawal with leave to refile – no final decision to support costs award; Relief – inappropriate to maintain costs challenge absent final determination; striking out application.
31 October 2024
Application to set aside ex parte judgment dismissed as time-barred for being filed beyond the extended period.
Civil procedure – Application to set aside ex parte judgment – limitation period and time bar. Law of Limitation Act (First Schedule, Part III, item 21) – applicability to applications where no period provided. Civil Procedure Code s.93 – extension of time – discretionary relief requiring good cause; not to be open-ended. Preliminary objections – procedural compliance (attachment of prior order) vs. merits of time-bar objection.
31 October 2024
Applicant entitled to unpaid rent and damages where respondent breached lease; deed of compromise was partial, not full settlement.
Land law – House lease – obligation to yield premises in good and tenantable repair; Interpretation of Deed of Compromise – partial compromise vs full settlement; Evidence and pleadings – appellate re‑evaluation where tribunal misconstrued facts; Reliefs – damages for holding over/mesne profits and general damages; Costs.
31 October 2024
Extension of time granted to appeal an ex‑parte judgment; appeal under s.70(2) CPC competent without prior setting aside.
Land — Extension of time to appeal — Appeal against ex‑parte judgment under s.70(2) CPC — Competence to appeal without setting aside — Illegality (non‑service, non‑notification, issues outside pleadings) as sufficient cause to extend time.
31 October 2024
31 October 2024
An applicant’s advanced age, lay status and financial hardship may constitute good cause to extend time to file an appeal.
Land law – Extension of time to appeal – "Good cause" as a relative concept – Being a layperson, advanced age and financial difficulty may justify enlargement of time – Applicant’s duty to provide relevant material to account for delay – Section 41(2) Land Disputes Courts Act.
31 October 2024
Dismissal due to non-compliance with High Court order and addressing time limitation jurisdiction properly.
Land law - Non-compliance with High Court order - Time-barred application - Determination based on jurisdictional issue.
31 October 2024
Appellant failed to prove full payment; tribunal properly addressed unpaid balance and deed of gift, appeal dismissed with costs.
Evidence — burden of proof under section 110(1) Evidence Act — claimant must prove full payment to establish ownership. Civil procedure — tribunal's duty to address issues raised in evidence — not suo motu when matter arises in examination/cross-examination. Land law — deed of gift as title evidence — effect on competing purchase claim. Appellate review — deference to trial tribunal's evaluation of witness demeanour and evidence.
31 October 2024