High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

1,168 judgments
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1,168 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2024
Res sub judice objection dismissed because issues differ and the tribunal lacks jurisdiction over the monetary claim.
Civil procedure — Res sub judice — Section 8 Civil Procedure Code — applicability requires identity of issues, same parties, pending earlier suit and competent forum; failure of any condition defeats objection. Jurisdiction — District Land and Housing Tribunal lacks jurisdiction to adjudicate High Court monetary claim exceeding its pecuniary limits. Distinction between claims for rent arrears and proceedings for termination/injunction relevant to res sub judice analysis.
15 October 2024
High Court declined to certify points of law for third appeal, finding all proposed grounds unsubstantiated.
Appeals — Certification of point of law for appeal from Ward Tribunal to Court of Appeal; Tribunal procedure — participation of member who testified and validity of membership; Assessors — requirement for written opinions and whether opinions must be read to parties; Jurisdiction — evidentiary threshold for establishing tribunal’s lack of jurisdiction.
11 October 2024
High Court refused certification for appeal from a Ward Tribunal, finding no arguable point of law for the Court of Appeal.
Land law – Certification for appeal to Court of Appeal from Ward Tribunal – Whether tribunal member’s testimony vitiates proceedings; validity of tribunal membership; assessors’ written opinions and reading over to parties (Reg.19(2) GN 173/2003); tribunal jurisdiction and value of subject matter.
11 October 2024
Revision granted where interested non‑parties were denied the fundamental right to be heard; DLHT proceedings nullified.
Land law – revision – interested non-parties – right to be heard – where third parties with proprietary interest were not joined to DLHT proceedings, revision is available. Civil procedure – revisional jurisdiction – Section 43, Land Disputes Courts Act – nullification of tribunal proceedings where fundamental hearing rights denied. Issues raised of pecuniary jurisdiction and limitation noted but primary relief granted on denial of hearing.
11 October 2024
Applicant’s lengthy, unexplained delay and unproven counsel negligence did not justify extension of time to appeal.
Extension of time – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.11(1) – requirement to show sufficient cause and account for each day of delay. Advocate’s negligence – generally not sufficient ground; litigant’s duty to follow up case progress. Inordinate delay (approx. 1,571 days) – lack of diligence and absence of apparent illegality. Relevant authorities: Lyamuya, Devram Valambia, Lessani Kweka, Lim Han Yung.
11 October 2024
A mediated settlement in a 450‑acre land dispute was recorded as judgment, allocating crop areas to applicants and remaining land to respondents.
Land dispute – consent judgment – mediation – recording settlement under Order VIII Rules 33(a) & 34 CPC – allocation by permanent crops and developed parcel – incorporation of village grazing/water-use agreement.
11 October 2024
11 October 2024
Appellant failed to prove ownership; Tribunal’s site measurements and evidence evaluation were upheld and appeal dismissed.
Land dispute — ownership and trespass — evaluation of evidence and burden of proof (s.112 Evidence Act) — locus in quo/site visit — pleadings versus oral case — appellate review of factual findings.
11 October 2024
Appeal dismissed as time-barred where no written request for certified copy justified exclusion of time and appeal filed after the statutory period.
Land law — Appeals from District Land and Housing Tribunal — Time limit for filing appeal under s.41(2) LDCA — Computation of appeal period and effect of certified copy date — Exclusion of time for obtaining copies only where written request made (principle applied from Valerie McGivern) — Preliminary objection that appeal is time-barred — Failure to file reply submissions treated as concession.
10 October 2024
Administrator's evidence outweighed unsupported oral sale; appellate court quashed tribunal decision and allowed the appeal.
Land law – ownership disputes – administrator’s locus to claim estate property – oral sale unsupported by documentary evidence – evaluation of evidence on balance of probabilities – hearsay insufficient to displace estate claim.
10 October 2024
Appeal dismissed as time-barred because appellants failed to request or obtain a certified copy within the statutory appeal period.
Civil procedure – limitation of appeals – computation of appeal period from pronouncement or receipt of certified copy – requirement of written request to exclude time spent obtaining copy; Land Disputes Courts Act, s.41(2) – forty-five day appeal period; Application to set aside ex-parte ruling – time-bar defence; Court of Appeal authority on computation of limitation periods (Valerie McGivern).
10 October 2024
10 October 2024
Appeal dismissed: tribunal’s evidence‑based findings, substituted service, non‑joinder and limitation objections all rejected.
Land law – ownership and trespass; evidence‑based findings on re‑allocation by District Commissioner; procedural fairness – suo motu issue vs. evidence‑led analysis; joinder of necessary parties and Order 1 Rule 9 CPC; substituted service by publication and validity of ex parte orders; accrual of cause of action and limitation for land claims.
10 October 2024
10 October 2024
A sale agreement without statutory transfer does not confer ownership; claimant must prove title on the balance of probabilities.
Land law – Ownership and transfer – Sale agreement alone does not effectuate transfer of title; registration required for disposition of land; remedies remain contractual. Evidence – Burden of proof – Applicant claiming ownership must prove title on balance of probabilities (s.110 Evidence Act; Hemed Said principle). Documentary proof – Rent receipts/utility bills and similar documents are insufficient proof of legal title when land remains registered in another's name. Procedure – First appeal court entitled to reappraise evidence; Trial Tribunal did not decide any new issue suo motu depriving parties of hearing.
10 October 2024
Buyer’s sale agreement and receipts do not establish legal title absent completed transfer and registration; appeal dismissed.
Land law — transfer and registration — Sale agreement and receipts do not confer title without completed disposition and registration; burden of proof on claimant under s.110 Evidence Act; evaluation of evidence on balance of probabilities; no suo motu irregularity where tribunal comments on delay in transfer.
10 October 2024
Applicant's request for extension of time to appeal dismissed for failure to show good cause or account for delay.
Limitation – extension of time under Section 14(1) Law of Limitation Act – requirement to show good cause; Illegality as ground for extension – must be apparent on the face of the record and not require long argument (Lyamuya test); Sickness/age – may constitute good cause only if it prevented timely action; Duty to account for each day of delay; Application for extension dismissed where delay inordinate and unexplained.
10 October 2024
Court overruled objection that prior withdrawal without leave barred refiling, finding factual issues require trial on merits.
Civil procedure — Order XXIII Rule 1(3) CPC — effect of withdrawal without leave — preclusion from instituting fresh suit. Preliminary objection — pure point of law versus factual enquiry — when PO is inappropriate. Property law — trespass — continuing or new trespass may create a fresh cause of action. Pleadings and issues — framing issue whether plaintiffs are precluded from refiling; matters to proceed on merits.
10 October 2024
Non-joinder of the seller of disputed land renders tribunal proceedings null and void; parties may refile.
Land law – Necessary party – Seller of disputed land must be joined or produce evidence to establish sale agreement and title. Civil procedure – Non-joinder – Failure to join a necessary party renders proceedings and resulting decree ineffective and void. Revisionary jurisdiction – High Court may nullify tribunal proceedings under s.43(1)&(2) of the Land Disputes Courts Act.
9 October 2024
Non-joinder of the land seller as a necessary party rendered the Tribunal's proceedings null and void; judgment quashed.
Land law – necessary party – seller of disputed land must be joined or produced as witness to prove sale; non-joinder vitiates proceedings; High Court revisionary powers (s.43 Land Disputes Courts Act) to nullify and quash Tribunal decision.
9 October 2024
Spousal consent evidenced by a written, witnessed introduction letter satisfied s114 Land Act; mortgage and sale upheld, appeal dismissed.
Land law – Mortgage of a matrimonial home – Spousal consent requirement under section 114 Land Act – Mortgagee’s duty to verify marital status – Evidentiary effect of a written, witnessed introduction/consent letter under s114(3) – Validity of a mortgage deed executed after loan disbursement – Sale to bona fide purchaser – Assessors’ participation – Reassignment of trial magistrate.
9 October 2024
Court granted 14-day extension to file appeal, excusing prior counsel’s lapse where applicants acted promptly.
Land law – Extension of time – condonation under s.41(1)&(2) Land Disputes Courts Act – sufficient cause – change of counsel and prior counsel’s negligence – illegality of tribunal decision as argued ground – Kambona Charles principle on counsel’s negligence.
9 October 2024
8 October 2024
8 October 2024
Applicant granted extension to appeal after Registrar's failure to supply decision; time to obtain copy excluded.
Extension of time – discretion under s.14(1) Law of Limitation Act – good cause required. Limitation computation – s.19(2) LLA excludes day of judgment and time for obtaining copy. Land Registration Act s.102(1)&(3) – three‑month appeal period and mandatory attachment of decision. Failure of Registrar to supply decision may justify enlargement of time.
8 October 2024
Alleged irregularities were not apparent on the record; no good cause shown for extension of time; application dismissed with costs.
Extension of time; Land Disputes Courts Act s.41(2); requirement of ‘good cause’; Lyamuya test—illegality must be apparent on face of record; jurisdiction; joinder of Registrar of Titles; preliminary objection and counterclaim; locus standi.
8 October 2024
Bank lawfully set off mortgage-protection and postponement costs; injunction expired and auction complied with procedures.
Mortgage law – right of bank to set off sums and require insurance of mortgaged property; Nature of mortgage protection policy versus personal life insurance; Recoverability of auction postponement expenses under mortgage deed; Temporary injunction/maintenance of status quo – duration and need for extension under Order XXXVII Rule 3 CPC; Auction procedures – service of demand and 14-day notices, advertisement and certificate of sale; Appellate review of trial Tribunal's factual and documentary findings.
7 October 2024
7 October 2024
Court granted interim injunction restraining transfer of disputed title pending expiration of 90‑day notice to sue.
Land law — Interim Mareva injunction — Atilio v Mbowe criteria — triable issue, irreparable harm and balance of convenience; Registrar’s rectification under Land Registration Act does not automatically oust High Court jurisdiction; pending criminal investigations do not preclude civil relief; preservation of status quo pending 90‑day notice.
7 October 2024
Bank failed to prove an existing mortgage at sale; purchaser acquired valid title and appeal dismissed with costs.
Land law – mortgage and transfer – burden of proof on alleged mortgagee to prove existing encumbrance; party bound by pleadings – cannot rely on unpleaded loan top-up; documentary evidence (sale agreement and transfer) established title; uncorroborated/informal mortgage insufficient; perpetual injunction protecting purchaser’s title sustained.
7 October 2024
Court struck out suit for lack of jurisdiction because dispute concerned execution of an existing decree.
Civil procedure – jurisdiction – where claims arise from execution of an existing decree the executing court has primacy; Section 38(1) CPC bars independent suits on execution matters; remedy is execution proceedings or application for stay of execution rather than injunctions; preliminary objection on jurisdiction may be upheld if matter is plainly within execution proceedings.
7 October 2024
4 October 2024
4 October 2024
Applicant granted 14 days extension to appeal; court excluded time spent prosecuting earlier proceedings and found sufficient cause.
Extension of time – exercise of judicial discretion – requirement to show sufficient cause; Computation of time – days spent prosecuting pending proceedings before the court are excluded; Diligence – prompt action after struck-out appeal justifies extension; Illegality – not found to be apparent on the face of the record in this case.
4 October 2024
4 October 2024
Guarantor failed to satisfy Atilio triad; interim injunction against proposed auction denied and application dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – Interim injunction – Applicant must satisfy Atilio v Mbowe triad: prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience. Mortgages – Right of mortgagee to sell under Land Act s.132; challenge to auction procedures requires demonstrable non-compliance, preferably after sale facts available. Auctioneers Act / Land Act – Public notice requirements alleged but unproven where auction had not yet occurred. Guarantor’s challenge – A guarantor who admits default must show procedural irregularity and irreparable harm to obtain interim relief.
4 October 2024
September 2024
Review granted where application was struck out due to counsel’s misdirection and an apparent error on the record.
Civil procedure — Review under section 78(1) and Order XLII r.1(b) — Apparent error on face of record — Non-joinder objection premature where suggested party was never in original proceedings — Sanctity of court record; withdrawal by counsel v. court-raised issues — Reinstatement of struck-out application.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
A plaint by foreign-owned companies failing to plead TIC approval lacked a cause of action and was struck out.
Land law – capacity to hold land – non-citizen/foreign-shareholder companies require TIC approval for land – plaint must plead TIC approval or investment purpose; Cause of action – essential facts must be pleaded; Preliminary objection – pure point of law may be decided at PTC; Remedy – plaint failing to disclose cause of action can be struck out.
30 September 2024
Plaintiff defaulted; auction was irregular but transfer was valid and bona fide purchaser protected; remedy is damages, not set-aside.
Land law – mortgagee's power of sale; statutory notice requirements (Land Act s.127) and auction notice (Auctioneers Act s.12); protection of bona fide purchaser and effect of registration (Land Act s.135); remedy for irregular sale is damages (s.135(4)); Registrar of Titles’ 30‑day notice and transfer procedure.
30 September 2024
An application for a temporary injunction under Order XXXVII requires a pending suit and is struck out if that suit is no longer pending.
Civil procedure – Interim injunctions – Order XXXVII Rule 2(1) CPC – Requirement of a pending suit as precondition for temporary injunction – Application overtaken by events where main suit is struck out for lack of jurisdiction.
30 September 2024
A contractual challenge to the formation/terms of a sale agreement is not a land dispute; the Land Division lacks jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction – High Court (Land Division) – limited to disputes concerning interests in land (ownership, possession, use). Contract v. land dispute – disputes about formation/terms of sale agreements are contractual and do not automatically constitute land disputes. Disposition of land – sale is a mode of disposition but the sale agreement is evidence of disposition; jurisdiction arises only where interest/possession/usage is disputed. Procedural consequence – matter founded purely on contractual formation/terms may be struck out for want of Land Division jurisdiction.
30 September 2024
A preliminary objection that the trespass suit was time‑barred was dismissed; recovery of land attracts a 12‑year limitation.
Limitation of actions – recovery of land v. tort of trespass – applicable limitation period under item 22 Part I, Schedule to the Law of Limitations Act, Cap 89 R.E. 2019; preliminary objection – pure point of law apparent on face of plaint (Mukisa; Lyamuya).
30 September 2024
Temporary injunction granted pending trial after applicant showed triable issues, irreparable harm, and favourable balance of convenience.
Land law – interim injunction – Atilio v. Mbowe test (prima facie case, irreparable injury, balance of convenience) – disputed purchase agreement versus expired lease – possession and eviction pending determination of ownership.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Consent judgment recorded: plaint amended, secured property sale authorized, guarantor exonerated, and repayment schedule imposed.
Civil procedure – Consent judgment – Settlement recorded and entered under Order VIII Rule 34 CPC following court-referred mediation. Land/security – Deposit of title as collateral – Power of sale by lender to realize part of secured debt. Amendment of plaint – Correction of mistaken claimed amount by consent. Guarantor liability – Exoneration of guarantor upon realization of sale proceeds. Enforcement – Execution of decree on default against principal debtor.
30 September 2024
Appellants' land claim dismissed for failure to show lawful acquisition and insufficient documentary evidence.
Land law – ownership disputes – weight of certificate of title – requirement to show lawful acquisition (Form N.19) – pleadings and evidence – reliance on pleaded ownership – trespass remedies.
30 September 2024
Failure to involve neighbouring occupants in boundary recovery rendered the survey unlawful and required a re-survey and striking out of the suit.
Land law – Boundary recovery and survey – Requirement to give notice and involve affected owners – Principles of natural justice – Land Survey Act safeguards; Procedural irregularity renders survey unlawful; Re-survey using GPS/RTK and independent officer ordered; Suit struck out pending lawful recovery.
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Whether a taxing officer’s failure to apportion awarded costs renders the ruling unenforceable and warrants reversal.
Taxation of costs – Apportionment of taxed costs among multiple defendants – Enforceability of court orders – Remittal to Taxing Officer for fresh determination – Requirement to state joint and several liability where applicable.
30 September 2024