High Court Land Division

High Court Land  Division was established as a result of the land reforms which were implemented by the Land Act 1999. Until 2010, the Land Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine land disputes relating to land with a pecuniary value of TZS 50,000 or more. 

7,035 judgments
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7,035 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
March 2026
A counterclaim contesting a 1997 land title accrued in 1997 and was dismissed as time-barred when filed in 2025.
Limitation of actions – land disputes – accrual of cause of action – time bar under item 22 Part I (12 years) – challenge to issuance/registration of title
23 March 2026
Temporary injunction struck out where court lacked main suit record and an applicant had no letters of administration.
Civil procedure — Temporary injunctions — Ancillary nature requiring access to main suit pleadings; Locus standi — acting as administrator of a deceased estate requires letters of administration; Joint application — non-severable jurisdictional defect vitiates entire application.
23 March 2026
Court granted a limited injunction preserving certain mortgaged properties pending trial due to serious triable issues.
Civil procedure — Interim injunctions — preservation of status quo pending trial; Mortgages — realization of mortgaged immovable property — statutory requirements (valuation, notice, public advertisement); Auctions and tenders — alleged pre-advertisement payment; Protection of bona fide purchasers; Equitable relief to prevent main suit becoming nugatory
23 March 2026
Court recorded and adopted a deed of settlement as a consent judgment, making property transfers and payments binding and enforceable.
Consent judgment — Recording and adoption of a deed of settlement under Order XXIII r.3 CPC; enforceability as court decree; land transfers and payment obligations; settlement binding on successors; withdrawal of pending matters.
20 March 2026
Suing a director or Solicitor General personally, and suing a company in liquidation without leave, renders the suit incompetent.
Civil procedure — Proper parties — corporate body must be sued, not official in personal name; State officers not proper personal defendants; Companies Act s.291 — leave required to sue company in liquidation; deposits insurance board as liquidator appointed by central bank treated as court-appointed liquidator.
19 March 2026
An interlocutory application was struck out because the applicant's affidavit was not in first person and contained argumentative legal material.
Civil procedure — Affidavits: must be in deponent’s own words (first person) and confined to facts within personal knowledge; inadmissible: arguments, legal conclusions, prayers. Where majority of affidavit paragraphs are incurably defective, application may be struck out; expungement/refiling not appropriate remedy. Preliminary objection on competence under Land Registration Act left undecided.
19 March 2026
Claim dismissed for failure to plead and prove land size and boundaries; locus in quo cannot remedy documentary deficiencies.
Land law – proof of ownership – necessity to plead and prove size, dimensions and identifiable boundaries in unregistered land sales; Evidence – burden of proof lies on claimant and must be discharged on balance of probabilities; Locus in quo – inspection is supplementary to court evidence and cannot cure failure to prove essential particulars; Procedural irregularity – irregularities in site visit vitiate proceedings only if they occasion miscarriage of justice.
19 March 2026
Appellant's encroachment claim failed due to contradictory boundary evidence and failure to summon material witnesses.
Land law — Encroachment; proof of boundaries — balance of probabilities; description of disputed land; failure to summon material witnesses; locus in quo discretionary; assessors' opinions — court's reasons for disagreement.
19 March 2026
Res judicata cannot be resolved as a preliminary objection where the applicant's pleadings dispute the prior judgment.
Civil procedure — Preliminary objection — Res judicata — Preliminary objection must arise from the pleadings as a pure point of law — Where resolution requires evidence on disputed facts, the point is not a preliminary objection (Mukisa test)
18 March 2026
A res judicata plea cannot be decided as a preliminary objection where its existence is disputed and requires evidence.
Civil procedure – Preliminary objection – Must raise a pure point of law apparent on pleadings – Mukisa Biscuits principle; Res judicata – Plea requires facts showing prior final adjudication; If existence or effect of prior suit is disputed, issue requires evidence and is not a preliminary objection; Land dispute – ownership claim
18 March 2026
Unsupported claims of illness and failed legal aid efforts did not justify an extension of time to appeal.
Extension of time – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.14(1) – discretionary remedy – sufficient cause – duty to account for each day of delay – requirement of supporting evidence for illness and attempts to obtain legal aid.
18 March 2026
Court restored the applicant's dismissed land suit, finding good cause due to court system failure and granting relief without costs.
Civil Procedure – Order VIII r.20(1)(a) dismissal for want of prosecution – application to set aside dismissal – requirement of good cause – court discretion – electronic/system failure affecting notice – restoration of suit – costs denied.
17 March 2026
Land recovery suit dismissed as time‑barred for failing to plead a continuing trespass with requisite dates and particulars.
Limitation law — continuing trespass — necessity to plead dates and particularity to restart limitation period (Law of Limitation ss.5 & 7; Order VII r.6) — court raising limitation issue proprio motu — non‑joinder and re‑institution objections raised but not determinative.
17 March 2026
A defective statutory 90‑day notice and inconsistent pleadings rendered the suit incompetent and it was struck out.
Government Proceedings Act s.6(2) — statutory 90-day notice to sue — requirement to send copy to Attorney General — mandatory pre-action notice — competency of suit — overriding objective cannot cure non-compliance — striking out for defective notice; inconsistency between plaint and notice.
17 March 2026
Failure to serve a valid statutory 90‑day notice rendered the suit against the government incompetent and it was struck out.
Government Proceedings Act s.6(2) — 90‑day notice to sue — mandatory requirement; competence of proceedings against the State; overriding objective cannot cure statutory non‑compliance; inconsistent pleadings v. statutory notice; striking out suit.
17 March 2026
A tribunal's rejection of a registered title without involving land authorities is a serious procedural defect warranting retrial.
Land law — Registered title and Certificate of Occupancy — Evaluation of documentary evidence; validity of title — Joinder/summons of land authorities (Registrar/Commissioner) when title validity is challenged — Procedural defect; retrial ordered.
16 March 2026
A plaintiff who transferred the property lacks locus standi; mandatory section 13 pre‑action steps must be pleaded.
Locus standi – requirement of a subsisting legal/proprietary interest; transfer of property extinguishes plaintiff's standing. Civil Procedure Code s.13 – mandatory pre‑action bona fide steps; a mere notice is insufficient; compliance must be pleaded.
16 March 2026
Appellant's tenancy claim rejected where handover agreement and corroborative evidence proved respondent's ownership.
Land disputes – ownership vs tenancy – burden of proof on balance of probabilities – admissibility and weight of hand-over agreement as evidence of gift – residential licence/application for change of ownership as corroborative evidence – assessors’ opinions and duty to explain departure under s.24 Land Disputes Courts Act
13 March 2026
Affidavit containing legal arguments and a defective verification clause rendered the application incompetent and led to striking out.
Affidavits — must contain facts, not legal argument or conclusions; offending paragraphs may be expunged. Verification clause — defective if it verifiably refers to non-existent paragraphs; amendment may cure defects but not where expungement leaves affidavit unsupportive. Procedure — striking out an incompetent application supported by a defective affidavit.
12 March 2026
An application was struck out because the supporting affidavit failed to show express authorisation (power of attorney) to depose for co-applicant.
Civil procedure – extension of time to appeal; competency of supporting affidavit – one applicant may depose for others only upon express authorisation evidenced in affidavit or annexure; defective affidavit renders application incompetent; administrative delay (failure to upload judgment) not determined on merits.
12 March 2026
Review granted to correct clerical errors: amend bank name and require auction in accordance with procedures.
Civil procedure — Review — Clerical or arithmetical mistakes in judgment/decree — Section 106 Civil Procedure Code — Error apparent on face of record — Correction of party name and inclusion of auction procedure wording.
12 March 2026
Court granted a 14-day extension to file a notice of appeal due to applicant’s illness and procedural delays.
Civil procedure – extension of time to file notice of appeal – Lyamuya principles – requirement to account for each day of delay – temporary illness/unsound mind and next-friend representation as grounds for condonation – Court’s discretion to condone short delays.
12 March 2026
Court granted 14-day extension to file notice of appeal due to applicant’s illness and procedural delays.
Civil procedure – extension of time to file notice of appeal – accounting for delay under Lyamuya – illness and next friend’s representation as sufficient cause – exercise of judicial discretion.
12 March 2026
Court granted Mareva‑style injunction to preserve applicant’s home pending suit after statutory 90‑day notice and alleged forgery threatened eviction.
Mareva/inherent jurisdiction – interim injunction pending institution of suit where statutory 90‑day notice bars filing – prima facie case, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; disputed mortgage, auction legality and alleged forgery.
12 March 2026
Non-joinder of the borrower and its director required joinder; omission of an explicit cause date was not fatal at preliminary stage.
Civil Procedure — Order VII r.1(e) — requirement to state facts constituting cause of action and when it arose; Law of Limitation Act s.26 — discovery of fraud; Civil Procedure — non-joinder/joinder of necessary parties — Order I r.9 and r.10(2); Preliminary objections — Mukisa test — pure point of law.
12 March 2026
Failure to join the Commissioner for Lands where pleadings and an approved map implicate survey/registration renders the suit incompetent.
Land law – Non-joinder – Necessary party – Commissioner for Lands – Approved map/ survey/registration – Pleadings inconsistency – Incompetent suit – Strike out.
12 March 2026
Failure to join the Commissioner for Lands where pleadings and an approved map implicate land authority renders the suit incompetent.
Land law – Non‑joinder – Necessary party – Commissioner for Lands – Approved map/plan as implicating land authority – Incompetence and striking out for omission to implead.
12 March 2026
Applicant failed to show a triable issue; injunction to restrain bank's mortgage sale was refused.
Land law – temporary injunction – requirement to show a prima facie/triable case (Atilio test) – power of sale under mortgage – pendency of other proceedings does not automatically bar exercise of contractual sale rights.
12 March 2026
Where over one‑sixth of claimed costs is disallowed, the entire taxed bill must be set aside; unjustified fees were also vacated.
Advocates Remuneration Order (G.N. 263 of 2015) – Order 48 – one‑sixth rule – disallowance of entire bill where more than one‑sixth taxed off; Taxation of costs – conversion of foreign currency claims to TZS for computation; Judicial review of taxing officer’s exercise of discretion; Instruction fees – requirement to demonstrate complexity and time; Transport/attendance fees – need for justification in taxation.
10 March 2026
A counterclaim pleaded within a defence must meet plaint formalities; failure to do so renders it incompetent and struck out.
Civil Procedure – Counterclaim in written statement of defence treated as cross-suit – Order VIII r.9(2) and Order VII r.1 – requirement to allege court name, parties' descriptions and jurisdictional facts – non-compliance renders counterclaim incompetent and liable to be struck out.
10 March 2026
A counterclaim in a defence must comply with Order VII and be in plaint form or be struck out.
Civil procedure — Counterclaim in written statement of defence treated as cross-suit — Compliance with Order VII requirements — Order VIII r 9(2) — Pleading must contain court heading, parties' descriptions and jurisdictional facts — Failure to comply renders counterclaim incompetent.
10 March 2026
9 March 2026
Whether fraud delays limitation and if administratrix has locus standi; suit struck out for suing a defendant in wrong capacity.
Limitation — fraud discovery rule; preliminary objections — mixed questions of law and fact; locus standi of personal representative; capacity in which a defendant is sued — misjoinder/incorrect designation; striking out for incompetence
9 March 2026
Revision granted where a non-party materially affected by a DLHT decision was denied the right to be heard.
Land law — Revision — Right to be heard — Non-party materially affected by DLHT decision may seek revision — Ex-parte judgment and natural justice — Section 47 LDCA.
9 March 2026
Application against government struck out for failing to prove service of mandatory 90‑day notice.
Government Proceedings Act s.6(2) — mandatory 90‑day notice as condition precedent — requirement to annex proof of service to supporting affidavit; Reply to Counter‑Affidavit cannot introduce new matters — extraneous paragraphs expunged; failure to prove notice renders application incompetent and liable to be struck out
9 March 2026
Tribunal failed to decide ownership, admitted late evidence, relied on uncertain security, and ordered an unprayed sale—appeal allowed and remitted.
Land law – framing of issues – ownership as preliminary issue; Evidence – evaluation and weight of testimony; Civil procedure – admissibility of late documents and procedural fairness; Contract law – certainty of security agreement; Reliefs – prohibition on granting unprayed-for remedies.
9 March 2026
Taxing Officer’s instruction fee of TShs 3.5M exceeded statutory cap and was reduced to TShs 1,000,000/=.
Advocate Remuneration Order – 11th Schedule item 1(k) – instruction fees – statutory ceiling TShs 1,000,000/= – Taxing Officer’s discretion – interference where award exceeds prescribed threshold; costs assessment in matters struck out on preliminary objection
9 March 2026
Negligence in recording the hearing time is not sufficient cause to set aside a dismissal under Order IX r.6(1).
Civil procedure — Order IX r.6(1) CPC — Setting aside dismissal for non-appearance — "Sufficient cause" — Negligence of counsel in misrecording hearing time not sufficient — Duty to peruse court record.
9 March 2026
Applicant failed to prove fraud in transfer of registered land; title upheld and suit dismissed; no costs awarded.
Land law – Registered title – Fraud exception to conclusive title – Burden and high standard of proof for fraud – Forensic document comparison and chain of custody – Failure to call material municipal witness – Discretion on costs between relatives.
9 March 2026
Fresh suit wrongly struck out as res judicata; non-party not bound and was denied right to be heard.
Civil procedure — Res judicata — Identity of parties and subject matter — Person not party to earlier proceedings not bound; Objection proceedings vs substantive ownership — fresh suit under Order XXI Rule 62; Right to be heard — premature striking out nullifies opportunity to present merits.
9 March 2026
Breach of lease claims fall exclusively within District Court jurisdiction under section 111; the plaintiff's suit was struck out.
Land law — Jurisdiction — Breach of lease agreements — Section 111 Land Act — District Court exclusive jurisdiction — Sua motu jurisdictional challenge — Striking out suit.
9 March 2026
Where an applicant's affidavit is largely argumentative and unsalvageable, the revision application is struck out.
Civil procedure – Affidavit admissibility – Order XIX Rule 3(1) CPC – affidavits must state facts within deponent’s knowledge not legal arguments or conclusions; expungement vs striking out; preliminary objection.
6 March 2026
Limitation cannot be resolved on the pleadings where a continuing wrong is alleged; non-joinder of co-owners (no representative suit) is fatal unless cured by amendment.
Civil procedure – preliminary objections – pure question of law; Limitation – continuing wrong and section 7 Law of Limitation Act; Land – co-ownership and non-joinder of co-owners; Representative suits – Order I Rule 8 CPC; Registrar of Titles – when joinder is necessary; Pleadings – verification under Order VI Rule 15(2); Amendment to cure procedural defects.
5 March 2026
Sickness of an advocate and bereavement justify setting aside dismissal only if inability to notify or secure representation is shown.
Land Disputes Courts Regulations — Regulation 11(1)(b) dismissal for non-appearance; Regulation 11(2) restoration; sufficient cause; sickness of advocate; bereavement; duty to notify court; availability of alternative representative; inference of acceptance of consequences.
5 March 2026
The applicant was granted extension to serve notice and file an appeal due to a technical delay in obtaining the registrar's written decision.
Land Registration Act s.102(1) – extension of time – notice of intention to appeal – good cause – technical delay due to late issuance of registrar's written decision – diligence required (Lyamuya factors) – Section 21 Limitation Act – service issues.
4 March 2026
Applicant failed to show sufficient cause to set aside dismissal; submissions cannot replace affidavit evidence.
Civil procedure — setting aside dismissal for want of prosecution — sufficient cause required — submissions are not evidence — counsel’s diligence — election convoy/traffic delay.
3 March 2026
Suit struck out for incompetence due to statutory non‑compliance and inadequate description of immovable property.
Civil procedure — plaint description of immovable property — Order VII Rule 3 CPC — Interpretation of Laws Act s.86(1),(3) and English language rules — incompetence — striking out — costs.
3 March 2026
A District Land Tribunal lacks jurisdiction where ward-tribunal mediation certificate is absent, defective, or relates to different proceedings.
Land law – Jurisdiction – Mandatory ward-tribunal mediation – Section 13(3) & (4) Land Disputes Courts Act – Certificate of failed mediation – Competency of suit – Nullity of proceedings without proper mediation certificate.
2 March 2026
February 2026
Court granted extension to file appeal after finding applicants accounted for delay and showed sufficient cause.
Extension of time – Appellate Jurisdiction Act s.11(1) – Lyamuya principles – accounting for each day of delay – illegality as sufficiency for extension – diligence in pursuing appellate remedies.
27 February 2026
Extension of time granted where delay was explained and the tribunal's decision showed clear procedural illegality.
Civil procedure — extension of time — Lyamuya guidelines — accounting for delay — inordinate delay — applicant's diligence — illegality/irregularity apparent on face of record — wrong file/reference to other case — ex parte hearing.
27 February 2026